2021年6月英語四級真題試卷一

年6月英語四級真題試卷一（完整版）2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題卷一(完整版)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)TheInternationalLaborOrganization'skeyobjective.Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.Risingunemploymentworldwide.Globaleconomicrecovery.A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.Increaseproteincontentinthefood.Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.A)Theywillbefined.Theywillbeclosed.Theywillgetawarning.Theywilllosecustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.A)Itshardworkingemployees.Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.Itsinnovationculture.Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)He'sgotaddictedtotechnology.Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.A)Talkbig.Talkatlength.Gossipalot.Forgetherself.A)Hethoughtitwascool.Heneededthepractice.Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.A)Itposesachallengetoseniors.Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.Itischildishandunprofessional.Itiscoolandconvenient.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager.Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime.Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim.Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility.A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness.A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting.Waitandseewhathappensnext.Learntosaynowhennecessary.Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep.Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.A)Theyaremorehealth-conscious.Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.Theygetlessandlesssleep.Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.A)Theirweightwillgodown.Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.Theirbloodpressurewillrise.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.A)Thelistofcoursesstudied.Thefullrecordofscores.Thereferencesfromteachers.Thepersonalstatement.A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.Theytooktwopassengersonly.Theyweredifficulttodrive.Theyoftenbrokedown.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere'sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28,investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey'rerunningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。attendanceconsequentlycurrentdepressingdroppingessentialfeasibleflowmoodmutuallyparticularlyperformancereviewsurvivetendSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,TooWhenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype(固定看法)?Candoingone'shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don'tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan't?Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents'responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan'tjustsay,‘Let'sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff,”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.”Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility'stype,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents'physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2020tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.）Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician（老年病學(xué)專家）attheUniversityofNorthCarolina：“Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”O(jiān)fcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy，”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.Aresident'ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn'twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn'tthinkthat'sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren'tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers.Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?Theyareaggressive.Theyareoutgoing.Theyareignorant.Theyareill-bred.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?keepadistancefrompossibledangers.Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?Determinewhatismoralandethical.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（長壽）？Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic（神經(jīng)質(zhì)的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofee