《工程力學(xué)A》課程教學(xué)大綱課件_第1頁
《工程力學(xué)A》課程教學(xué)大綱課件_第2頁
《工程力學(xué)A》課程教學(xué)大綱課件_第3頁
《工程力學(xué)A》課程教學(xué)大綱課件_第4頁
《工程力學(xué)A》課程教學(xué)大綱課件_第5頁
已閱讀5頁，還剩69頁未讀， 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

COMPARABILITYOFSAVINGANDPROFITRATIOSOECDNationalAccountsExpertsMeetingChateaudelaMuette,Paris7-10October2003COMPARABILITYOFSAVINGANDPR1BackgroundDiscussionofalternativehouseholdsavingmeasuresatOctober2002NAEMECB/OECDprojectDetailedexaminationofinstitutionalsectoraccountsfortheeuroarea,theUnitedStatesandJapanwithparticularemphasisonhouseholdsavingratios,profitratiosandinvestmentratiosScopeofthispaperHouseholdsavingratiosProfitratiosBackgroundDiscussionofaltern2HouseholdsavingratiosIssuesrelatingtothebasicmeasureofthehouseholdsavingratioGrossornet?IncludeNPISH?ChangeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfundsAdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeProposeddefinitionforuseinOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24ofEconomicOutlook)FurtheradjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratioHouseholdsavingratiosIssues3StatisticalAnnexTable24,OECDEconomicOutlookReproducedasTable1-showshouseholdsavingratiosfor21membercountriesFootnotestothistableindicatedifferencesinthedatacurrentlybeingpublishedforvariouscountriesOECDEconomicsDepartmenttendstousemeasuresforthehouseholdsavingratioandothervariablesthatwillbereadilyrecognisedinthemembercountriesHencewhatispublishedbymembercountriesintheirownnationalaccountshasaneffectoninternationalcomparabilityStatisticalAnnexTable24,OE4GrossornethouseholdsavingNetisthepreferredmeasureOnlyusegrossifCOFCestimatesaredeficientDatafor7countriesiscurrentlyshowngross

Recommendation1:Itisrecommendedthatthesevencountries(Belgium,Denmark,Italy,Portugal,Spain,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom)includehouseholdsavingratiosintheirnationalaccountspublicationsonanetbasisinsteadof,orinadditionto,thegrossmeasures.GrossornethouseholdsavingN5IncludeNPISHDatafor5countriescurrentlyexcludeNPISH

Recommendation2:Intheinterestsofinternationalcomparabilityitisrecommendedthatthefivecountries(CzechRepublic,Finland,France,JapanandNewZealand)alsoincludehouseholdsavingratiosforhouseholdsincludingNPISHintheirnationalaccountspublications.IncludeNPISHDatafor5countr6ChangeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfundsCurrentdefinition:B8/(B6+D8)

WhereB8=Nethouseholdsaving

B6=Nethouseholddisposableincome

D8=Changeinnetequityofhouseholdson

pensionfundsTable2provideshouseholdsavingratiosusingthisformulaanddatafromtheOECDannualSNA93databaseRecommendation3:Itisrecommendedthatcountriesthathaveanon-nilvaluefortheadjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)shouldverifythattheirownsavingratiosareconsistentwiththisdefinition.Changeinnetequityofhouseh7AdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewconceptsintroducedinSNA93CollectiveandindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernmentSocialtransfersinkindActualfinalconsumptionAdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewaccountinSNA93UseofadjusteddisposableincomeaccountTheseenableamoreinternationallycomparablehouseholdsavingratiotobecomputedAdjustedhouseholddisposable8Adjustedhouseholddisposableincome(cont)Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]

Table3provideshouseholdsavingratiosformembercountriesusingthisdefinitionandusingdatafromtheOECDannualSNA93database.

Table4showsthedifferencesbetweenthismeasureandthecurrentmeasureforthehouseholdsavingratioshowninTable2.Adjustedhouseholddisposable9ProposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratioRecommendation4:ThehouseholdsavingratioforinclusioninOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24oftheOECDEconomicOutlook)shouldbedefinedasfollows:

Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]

TheratioshouldbecalculatedincludingNPISHforthepresent.

Proposeddefinitionfortheho10Proposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratio(cont)Itisalsorecommendedthatcountriespublishthismeasureofhouseholdsavingintheirownnationalaccountspublicationsinadditiontothetraditionalmeasure.Question:

Arethosecountriesthatpublishquarterlyhouseholdsavingratiosabletoprovideestimatesforindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernmentonaquarterlybasis?Proposeddefinitionfortheho11AdjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratioCapitalgainstaxesDirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsRealnetinterestpaymentsforhouseholdsHouseholddurablesPotentialandrealisedcapitalgains/lossesOtherissuesregardingpensionsTreatmentofunincorporatedenterprisesFinancialaccountsmeasureAdjustmentstothehouseholds12Adjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratio(cont)StatisticsDirectorateisworkingtowardsalternativesavingmeasures

Needtorecognisethelimitationsofsomeoftheproposedadjustmentssinceitcannotbeassumedthattheeconomicbehaviourofhouseholdswouldbeunaffectedifdifferentinstitutionalarrangementsactuallyexistedinparticularcountries.Adjustmentstothehouseholds13CapitalgainstaxesProposedadjustmentTreatcapitalgainstaxesascapitaltransfersratherthancurrenttransfersAddbackcapitalgainstaxestohouseholdsavingandhouseholddisposableincomeOECDpapertobediscussedunderagendaitem29SeemsunlikelythatachangeinSNA93willberecommendedtotheISWGNAItemforcapitalgainstaxesaddedtoTable900CapitalgainstaxesProposedad14DirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsSavingisnotaffectedbythemixofthesetaxesbuthouseholddisposableincomeisHowadjust?ReplacetaxesonproductionetcbyincometaxesReplaceincometaxesbytaxesonproductionetcUseastandardmixoftaxesforallcountriesSuggestthefirstofthesealternativesDeducttaxesonproductionetcfromHDIIssuesTaxesonproductionetcortaxesonproducts?Netofsubsidies?Directtaxesversustaxesonp15Directtaxesversustaxesonproductionandimports(cont)Issues(cont)Howmuchisattributabletoactualfinalconsumption?SomeoftheproductiontaxescouldbereplacedbyincometaxesoncorporationsratherthanallonhouseholdsDifficulttoestimatewhatpartoftaxesonproductionisattributabletoactualfinalconsumptionNoreasontoignoresubsidiesTherefore,proposeusingtaxesonproductslesssubsidiesonproductsasaroughapproximationTable5(adjustedratios)andTable6(differences)Directtaxesversustaxesonp16RealnetinterestpaymentsforhouseholdsAdjustmentfortheeffectofinflationoninterestratesandinterestflowsNeutralinterestRealinterest=Nominalinterest-neutralinterestOnlyincluderealinterestflowswhenderivinghouseholdsavingandHDI,thereforeneedtoDeductneutralinterestonassetsAddneutralinterestonliabilitiesAssetsusedforadjustmentshouldincludeassetsheldonhouseholdsbehalfbypensionfunds,lifeinsurancecorporationsandmutualfundsetcRealnetinterestpaymentsfor17HouseholddurablesHouseholdsregardconsumerdurablesasassetsRentalequivalenceapproachcouldbeusedtoderivealternativeestimatesinsatelliteaccountsHowever,rentalmarketsforlongtermuseofconsumerdurablesmaynotbewelldevelopedTherefore,ifweassumenooperatingsurplusisgeneratedfromconsumerdurablesanapproximateadjustmentistosubtractexpenditureondurablesfrom,andaddconsumptionoffixedcapitalondurablesto,HFCEConsequently,householdsavingwouldbeincreasedbynetinvestmentinconsumerdurablesHouseholddurablesHouseholdsr18Householddurables(cont)OECDandEurostatarediscussingproposalsforadditionaldatacollectionregardinghouseholddurablesanddwellingsCOFCforhouseholddurables,Capitalstockfordwellingsandhouseholddurables,Capitalgains/lossesondwellings

Recommendation5:Countriesareencouragedtocompileseparateestimatesofhouseholdfinalconsumptionexpenditure,capitalstockandconsumptionoffixedcapitalforconsumerdurables.Householddurables(cont)OECD19CapitalgainsandlossesHaveasignificantimpactonwealthandconsumptionofhouseholdsbutarenotincludedinhouseholdincomeinSNA93PotentialversusrealisedcapitalgainsDifferentimpactonconsumptionthanincomefromproductionortransfersImpactmaybedifferentforrealisedasopposedtopotentialcapitalgainsNominalorrealcapitalgains?CapitalgainsandlossesHavea20Capitalgainsandlosses(cont)Recommendation6:Ratherthanadjustingthehouseholdsavingratioforcapitalgains/lossesdirectly,itisrecommendedthatcapitalgains/lossesbeusedasanadditionalexplanatoryvariablewhenanalysinghouseholdconsumptionbehaviour.Capitalgainsandlosses(cont21PensionsDefinedbenefitschemesProblemofunderoroverfundingUnfundedpensionschemesActualpensionsdonotmatchaccruingliabilitiesfortheseschemesSocialsecurityversusprivatepensionschemesDifferentinstitutionalarrangementscontributetoobserveddifferencesinhouseholdsavingratiosPensionsDefinedbenefitscheme22PensionsRecommendation7:Itisrecommendedthatadjustmentsinrelationtosocialsecurityschemesshouldbeundertakenasaspecialexerciseandnotcombinedwithotheradjustmentstoderiveanalternativemeasureofthehouseholdsavingratio.

ThepensionsEDGsponsoredbytheIMFprovidesanopportunitytoresolvetheproblemscausedbydefinedbenefitschemesandunfundedpensionschemesforpublicsectoremployeesinthecontextoftheforthcomingrevisionofSNA93.AnneHarrison’spaperonthepensionsEDGmakesavaluablecontributionconcerningthisissue.PensionsRecommendation7:It23UnincorporatedenterprisesForwhichcountriesareunincorporatedenterprisesthataretreatedasquasi-corporatequantitativelysignificant?Dosuchcountriescompileestimatesforcompensationofemployeesforworkingproprietorsinquasi-corporationsoristhelabourreturntotheseworkingproprietorsincludedinoperatingsurplus?Dosuchcountrieshaveseparatedataonthelevelofwithdrawalsfromquasi-corporationsordotheysimplyassumethatalloftheentrepreneurialincomeofquasi-corporationsistransferredtohouseholdsinthecurrentperiod?UnincorporatedenterprisesFor24FinancialaccountsmeasureChangeinfinancialposition(financialaccount)versusNetlending(capitalaccount)IfallofthedifferenceisassumedtobecausedbydeficienciesinincomeflowsthencanderivethefollowingalternativemeasureofthehouseholdsavingratioTable7givestheseratios,andTable8showsthedifferencebetweentheseratiosandthoseinTable2.Obviouslythedifferencescouldbecausedbydeficienciesinanyoftheitemsintheincome,capitalorfinancialaccountsFinancialaccountsmeasureChan25AdditionalmeasuresforthehouseholdsavingratioAnalternativemeasureoraseriesofalternativemeasures?

Docountrieshaveapreferenceforwhetheraseriesofsavingratiosshouldbecompiled,eachincludinganadjustmentforonefactororwhetherasinglealternativemeasureshouldbecompiledthatincludesadjustmentsforall(orasmanyaspossible)ofthevariousfactorssimultaneously?

Additionalmeasuresfortheho26ProfitratiosCountrypracticesTypesofprofitratiosDefinitionsGrossornet?NumeratorDenominatorforratesofreturnDenominatorforprofitshareInstitutionalsectorscopeProfitratiosCountrypractices27CountrypracticesProfitratiosarepresentedinmanydifferentwaysbymembercountriesUnitedKingdomGrossbalanceofprimaryincomesfornon-financialcorporationsasashareofgrossnationalincomeEconomicTrendsarticlecontainingdatafor34countriesfornetoperatingsurplusovernetcapitalstockplusinventoriesfornon-financialcorporationsUnitedStates8ratios;4rateofreturnmeasuresand4profitsharemeasuresRatiosrelatetoprivatenon-financialcorporationsCountrypracticesProfitratios28Countrypractices(cont)UnitedStates(cont)Netoperatingsurplusandnetentrepreneurialincomeareusedbothbeforeandafterincometaxasthenumeratorforeachtypeofmeasure(Note:DifferentterminologyisusedbyBEA)NetcapitalstockplusinventoriesisusedasthedenominatorforrateofreturnmeasuresNetfactorincomelessNOSforpubliccorporationsisusedasthedenominatorforprofitsharemeasuresAustraliaGrossoperatingsurplusforfinancialandnon-financialcorporationsdividedbytotalfactorincomeFranceGOS/Grossvalueaddedatbasicpricesforallenterprises(corporateandquasi-corporateplusunincorporated)Countrypractices(cont)United29TypesofprofitratiosRatesofreturnProfitovercapitalstockUsedforprofitabilitystudiesProfitsharesProfitoverGDP,GNIortotalfactorincomeUsedforanalysesofreturnstolabourandcapitalProfitmarginProfitoveroutputNotrecommendedatthemacroeconomylevelTypesofprofitratiosRatesof30DefinitionsforrateofreturnandprofitsharemeasuresGrossornetBothnumeratoranddenominatorshouldbenetofconsumptionoffixedcapitalUsegrossmeasureifconsumptionoffixedcapitalestimatesaredeficientNumerator(forbothratesofreturnandprofitshares)NetoperatingsurplusIndependentoftheextenttowhichborrowedfundsareusedEntrepreneurialincomeAfterreceiptsofpropertyincomeandpaymentsofinterestandrentonnon-producedassetsusedbythebusinessDefinitionsforrateofreturn31Definitionsforrateofreturnandprofitsharemeasures(cont)DenominatorforrateofreturnmeasuresNetcapitalstockforproducedassetsIncludinginventories?Non-producedtangibleassets?Non-producedintangibleassets?DenominatorforprofitsharemeasuresNetdomesticproductNetfactorincomeWholeeconomyInstitutionalsectorusedfornumeratorDefinitionsforrateofreturn32InstitutionalsectorscopeNon-financialcorporationsFinancialcorporationsFinancialandnon-financialcorporationsCorporationsandunincorporatedenterprisesIdeallymixedincomeshouldbesplitintoareturntothelabourprovidedbyworkingproprietorsandareturntocapitalPrivateandpublicsub-sectorsforcorporationsInstitutionalsectorscopeNon-33RecommendationsregardingprofitratiosProfitmargintyperatiosusingoutputasthedenominatorshouldnotbecompiledatthemacroeconomylevel.Ratesofreturnandprofitsharesshouldbecalculatednetofconsumptionoffixedcapital,unlessCOFCestimatesareseriouslydeficient.Netoperatingsurplusshouldbeusedasthenumeratorifratesofreturnarebeingcalculatedatanindustrylevel.Otherwise,netoperatingsurplusorentrepreneurialincomemaybeusedasthenumeratorforbothratesofreturnandprofitsharemeasures.Recommendationsregardingprof34Recommendationsregardingprofitratios(cont)Forrateofreturnmeasuresthenetcapitalstockshouldbedefinedtoincludeproducedassetsandinventories.Forprofitsharemeasuresvariousratiosmaybecalculateddependingontheanalysesbeingundertaken.Ifapureprofitsharemeasureisrequired,thevariablesinboththenumeratoranddenominatorshouldrelatetotheinstitutionalsector(s)forwhichtheratioisbeingcalculated.Recommendationsregardingprof35Recommendationsregardingprofitratios(cont)Recommendation8:Theratioofnetoperatingsurplusdividedbynetfactorincomeforthenon-financialcorporationssectorshouldbeoneoftheprofitshareratiosincludedinOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingtheStatisticalAnnexoftheOECDEconomicOutlook).Otherprofitshareratiosshouldalsobeconsideredforinclusion.

Table9providesprofitshareratiosfornon-financialcorporationsusingdatafromtheOECDannualSNA93databaseCountryviewsarewelcomeonthemostappropriateprofitratiosforinclusioninOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingtheStatisticalAnnextotheEconomicOutlook)Recommendationsregardingprof36演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！37COMPARABILITYOFSAVINGANDPROFITRATIOSOECDNationalAccountsExpertsMeetingChateaudelaMuette,Paris7-10October2003COMPARABILITYOFSAVINGANDPR38BackgroundDiscussionofalternativehouseholdsavingmeasuresatOctober2002NAEMECB/OECDprojectDetailedexaminationofinstitutionalsectoraccountsfortheeuroarea,theUnitedStatesandJapanwithparticularemphasisonhouseholdsavingratios,profitratiosandinvestmentratiosScopeofthispaperHouseholdsavingratiosProfitratiosBackgroundDiscussionofaltern39HouseholdsavingratiosIssuesrelatingtothebasicmeasureofthehouseholdsavingratioGrossornet?IncludeNPISH?ChangeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfundsAdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeProposeddefinitionforuseinOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24ofEconomicOutlook)FurtheradjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratioHouseholdsavingratiosIssues40StatisticalAnnexTable24,OECDEconomicOutlookReproducedasTable1-showshouseholdsavingratiosfor21membercountriesFootnotestothistableindicatedifferencesinthedatacurrentlybeingpublishedforvariouscountriesOECDEconomicsDepartmenttendstousemeasuresforthehouseholdsavingratioandothervariablesthatwillbereadilyrecognisedinthemembercountriesHencewhatispublishedbymembercountriesintheirownnationalaccountshasaneffectoninternationalcomparabilityStatisticalAnnexTable24,OE41GrossornethouseholdsavingNetisthepreferredmeasureOnlyusegrossifCOFCestimatesaredeficientDatafor7countriesiscurrentlyshowngross

Recommendation1:Itisrecommendedthatthesevencountries(Belgium,Denmark,Italy,Portugal,Spain,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom)includehouseholdsavingratiosintheirnationalaccountspublicationsonanetbasisinsteadof,orinadditionto,thegrossmeasures.GrossornethouseholdsavingN42IncludeNPISHDatafor5countriescurrentlyexcludeNPISH

Recommendation2:Intheinterestsofinternationalcomparabilityitisrecommendedthatthefivecountries(CzechRepublic,Finland,France,JapanandNewZealand)alsoincludehouseholdsavingratiosforhouseholdsincludingNPISHintheirnationalaccountspublications.IncludeNPISHDatafor5countr43ChangeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfundsCurrentdefinition:B8/(B6+D8)

WhereB8=Nethouseholdsaving

B6=Nethouseholddisposableincome

D8=Changeinnetequityofhouseholdson

pensionfundsTable2provideshouseholdsavingratiosusingthisformulaanddatafromtheOECDannualSNA93databaseRecommendation3:Itisrecommendedthatcountriesthathaveanon-nilvaluefortheadjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)shouldverifythattheirownsavingratiosareconsistentwiththisdefinition.Changeinnetequityofhouseh44AdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewconceptsintroducedinSNA93CollectiveandindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernmentSocialtransfersinkindActualfinalconsumptionAdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewaccountinSNA93UseofadjusteddisposableincomeaccountTheseenableamoreinternationallycomparablehouseholdsavingratiotobecomputedAdjustedhouseholddisposable45Adjustedhouseholddisposableincome(cont)Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]

Table3provideshouseholdsavingratiosformembercountriesusingthisdefinitionandusingdatafromtheOECDannualSNA93database.

Table4showsthedifferencesbetweenthismeasureandthecurrentmeasureforthehouseholdsavingratioshowninTable2.Adjustedhouseholddisposable46ProposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratioRecommendation4:ThehouseholdsavingratioforinclusioninOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24oftheOECDEconomicOutlook)shouldbedefinedasfollows:

Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]

TheratioshouldbecalculatedincludingNPISHforthepresent.

Proposeddefinitionfortheho47Proposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratio(cont)Itisalsorecommendedthatcountriespublishthismeasureofhouseholdsavingintheirownnationalaccountspublicationsinadditiontothetraditionalmeasure.Question:

Arethosecountriesthatpublishquarterlyhouseholdsavingratiosabletoprovideestimatesforindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernmentonaquarterlybasis?Proposeddefinitionfortheho48AdjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratioCapitalgainstaxesDirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsRealnetinterestpaymentsforhouseholdsHouseholddurablesPotentialandrealisedcapitalgains/lossesOtherissuesregardingpensionsTreatmentofunincorporatedenterprisesFinancialaccountsmeasureAdjustmentstothehouseholds49Adjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratio(cont)StatisticsDirectorateisworkingtowardsalternativesavingmeasures

Needtorecognisethelimitationsofsomeoftheproposedadjustmentssinceitcannotbeassumedthattheeconomicbehaviourofhouseholdswouldbeunaffectedifdifferentinstitutionalarrangementsactuallyexistedinparticularcountries.Adjustmentstothehouseholds50CapitalgainstaxesProposedadjustmentTreatcapitalgainstaxesascapitaltransfersratherthancurrenttransfersAddbackcapitalgainstaxestohouseholdsavingandhouseholddisposableincomeOECDpapertobediscussedunderagendaitem29SeemsunlikelythatachangeinSNA93willberecommendedtotheISWGNAItemforcapitalgainstaxesaddedtoTable900CapitalgainstaxesProposedad51DirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsSavingisnotaffectedbythemixofthesetaxesbuthouseholddisposableincomeisHowadjust?ReplacetaxesonproductionetcbyincometaxesReplaceincometaxesbytaxesonproductionetcUseastandardmixoftaxesforallcountriesSuggestthefirstofthesealternativesDeducttaxesonproductionetcfromHDIIssuesTaxesonproductionetcortaxesonproducts?Netofsubsidies?Directtaxesversustaxesonp52Directtaxesversustaxesonproductionandimports(cont)Issues(cont)Howmuchisattributabletoactualfinalconsumption?SomeoftheproductiontaxescouldbereplacedbyincometaxesoncorporationsratherthanallonhouseholdsDifficulttoestimatewhatpartoftaxesonproductionisattributabletoactualfinalconsumptionNoreasontoignoresubsidiesTherefore,proposeusingtaxesonproductslesssubsidiesonproductsasaroughapproximationTable5(adjustedratios)andTable6(differences)Directtaxesversustaxesonp53RealnetinterestpaymentsforhouseholdsAdjustmentfortheeffectofinflationoninterestratesandinterestflowsNeutralinterestRealinterest=Nominalinterest-neutralinterestOnlyincluderealinterestflowswhenderivinghouseholdsavingandHDI,thereforeneedtoDeductneutralinterestonassetsAddneutralinterestonliabilitiesAssetsusedforadjustmentshouldincludeassetsheldonhouseholdsbehalfbypensionfunds,lifeinsurancecorporationsandmutualfundsetcRealnetinterestpaymentsfor54HouseholddurablesHouseholdsregardconsumerdurablesasassetsRentalequivalenceapproachcouldbeusedtoderivealternativeestimatesinsatelliteaccountsHowever,rentalmarketsforlongtermuseofconsumerdurablesmaynotbewelldevelopedTherefore,ifweassumenooperatingsurplusisgeneratedfromconsumerdurablesanapproximateadjustmentistosubtractexpenditureondurablesfrom,andaddconsumptionoffixedcapitalondurablesto,HFCEConsequently,householdsavingwouldbeincreasedbynetinvestmentinconsumerdurablesHouseholddurablesHouseholdsr55Householddurables(cont)OECDandEurostatarediscussingproposalsforadditionaldatacollectionregardinghouseholddurablesanddwellingsCOFCforhouseholddurables,Capitalstockfordwellingsandhouseholddurables,Capitalgains/lossesondwellings

Recommendation5:Countriesareencouragedtocompileseparateestimatesofhouseholdfinalconsumptionexpenditure,capitalstockandconsumptionoffixedcapitalforconsumerdurables.Householddurables(cont)OECD56CapitalgainsandlossesHaveasignificantimpactonwealthandconsumptionofhouseholdsbutarenotincludedinhouseholdincomeinSNA93PotentialversusrealisedcapitalgainsDifferentimpactonconsumptionthanincomefromproductionortransfersImpactmaybedifferentforrealisedasopposedtopotentialcapitalgainsNominalorrealcapitalgains?CapitalgainsandlossesHavea57Capitalgainsandlosses(cont)Recommendation6:Ratherthanadjustingthehouseholdsavingratioforcapitalgains/lossesdirectly,itisrecommendedthatcapitalgains/lossesbeusedasanadditionalexplanatoryvariablewhenanalysinghouseholdconsumptionbehaviour.Capitalgainsandlosses(cont58PensionsDefinedbenefitschemesProblemofunderoroverfundingUnfundedpensionschemesActualpensionsdonotmatchaccruingliabilitiesfortheseschemesSocialsecurityversusprivatepensionschemesDifferentinstitutionalarrangementscontributetoobserveddifferencesinhouseholdsavingratiosPensionsDefinedbenefitscheme59PensionsRecommendation7:Itisrecommendedthatadjustmentsinrelationtosocialsecurityschemesshouldbeundertakenasaspecialexerciseandnotcombinedwithotheradjustmentstoderiveanalternativemeasureofthehouseholdsavingratio.

ThepensionsEDGsponsoredbytheIMFprovidesanopportunitytoresolvetheproblemscausedbydefinedbenefitschemesandunfundedpensionschemesforpublicsectoremployeesinthecontextoftheforthcomingrevisionofSNA93.AnneHarrison’spaperonthepensionsEDGmakesavaluablecontributionconcerningthisissue.PensionsRecommendation7:It60UnincorporatedenterprisesForwhichcountriesareunincorporatedenterprisesthataretreatedasquasi-corporatequantitativelysignificant?Dosuchcountriescompileestimatesforcompensationofemployeesforworkingproprietorsinquasi-corporationsoristhelabourr

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論