2022年甘肅省白銀市靖遠(yuǎn)縣高考英語三模試卷（附答案詳解）

2022年甘肅省白銀市靖遠(yuǎn)縣高考英語三模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）AAccordingtosomerecentresearchfindings,21%oftheUSAcitizenshavereadatleastonebookoverthepastyear.Herearesomegreatbookstheylike.LaDivinaCommedia-DanteAlighieriThisbookisanarrativepoeminItalian,finishedin1321.Itisoneofthegreatestworksofclassicliterature,dividedintothreesectionstitledInfemo,PurgatorioandParadiso.ThisisastoryaboutDante'sjourneytowardthelightandtheMiddleAgeconceptoftheafter-life.Itisanamazingandatruemasterpieceworthanybody'stimeandenergy.1984-GeorgeOrwellPublishedin1949,thisbookservesasareminderthatyounggenerationsshouldnottakeanythingforgrantedandshouldquestioneverything.Foryoungpeople,thisisoneofthosebooksthatdemandreflectionontheimportanceofkeepinghumanvaluesanddefendingindividualityandfreedomwithinthesystem.AFarewelltoArms-ErnestHemingwayThisisatouchinglovestoryaboutanAmericanofficerandanEnglishnurseduringWWIontheItalianfront.Publishedin1929,thisbookdescribesyoungboyswhoaremarchingintheseverestweatherconditionsatwarthoughdiscouragedandtired,reflectingthehorrorsofthewarandtheyoungpeople'sdoubtsaboutlife.ThePhantomoftheOpera-GastonLerouxThisfamoustheatricalnovelbytheFrenchauthorLeroux,publishedinFrancein1909,belongstoclassicliterature.Forthatreason,itcouldbeagreatgiftforpeoplewholiketheater,musicalsandopera.ThestoryplotrevolvesaroundayoungoperasingerChristine.SheisadaughterofafamousmusicianwhodiesandleaveshertogrowupintheParisOperaHouse.WhatdoweknowaboutLaDivinaCommedia?Theplotofitisflat.TheheroofitisanAsian.Itisanaccountoftheauthor'slife.Itisastorywritteninthe13thcentury.Whatdo1984andAFarewelltoArmshaveincommon?BotharesetinItaly.Botharerelatedtopoems.Bothreflecthumans*viewoffreedominpeace.Bothdescribetheyouths*thinkingaboutlife.Whichbookisrelatedtodrama? A.LaDivinaCommedia. B.1984.C.ThePhantomoftheOpera. D.AFarewelltoArms.BIgrewupinAlgeriaandasafemale,I'vehadtopayanextrapricethroughoutmyscientificjourneyasaresult.Iknewstudyingabroadwouldbekeytomysuccess,soIwasextremelyexcitedwhenIwonascholarshiptoattendaBritishuniversityforgraduateschool.Buttherewasonecondition：IneededtotakeanEnglishtest.IwasfluentinArabicandFrench,thelanguagesspokeninAlgeria,butIdidn'thaveasolidgraspofEnglish.Ilearnedithardbutdidn'tscorehighenoughtosecureentrance.!hadtostayinAlgeriatocompleteamaster'sdegreeinstead.ButIkeptlearningEnglishonmyown.Twoyearslater,IearnedaPh.D.scholarshiptostudyinSwitzerland.MidwaythroughmyPh.D.,aprofessorremarked,°Youarequiteproductive,butwhydon'tyoupublishintheregularjournalsinourfield?"Shocked,!responded,"Whatdoyoumeanbyregularjournals?”HegaveafewexamplesofalljournalsdominatedbyresearchersfromtheGlobalNorth.Ihadbeenpublishingmypapersinspecialized,low-impactjournals.Thatwascountedasagreatachievementinmyhomecountry,whereevenprofessorsstruggletogetpublished.NowJrealizedthatthescientificaccomplishmentsabroadIwasproudofwereregardedasbelowaverageatbest.Theprofessor'scommentheartenedmetoadjustmyresearchtoaddressissuesofbroaderinterest.BythetimeIgraduated,!hadstartedpublishinginso-called"regular"journals,whichhelpedmelandapostdoctoraldegreeinCanada.Itoldallthistothemembersofmylab,addingthattheywereprivilegedtogrowupspeakingEnglishandhaveaccesstotremendousexpertiseandfunding.Facingglobalinequitiesj'vestartedtotryusingapreprintservertointegrateanEnglishlanguageproofing（校對(duì)）systemintoitsplatform,whichwouldconnectauthorswhoneedlanguagehelp.Wecantakestepstomaketheglobalscientificcommunitymoreinclusive.AndIwanttobepartofthatpushforchange.WhywastheauthorunabletogotoaBritishuniversity?Shedidn'tlearnEnglish.ShefailedtheEnglishtest.Shelackedamaster'sdegree.Shegotthelowestentrancescore.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecommentoftheprofessorinSwitzerland?A.Inspiring.B.Heartless.C.Regular. D.Confusing.What'stheaimofthepreprintserver?ToestablishanEnglishlanguageproofingsystem.TosetupaplatformwhereEnglishauthorswrite.Tomaketheglobalcommunitymoreinclusive.Toaidthosewhoneedhelpwithlanguage.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Honestandathletic. B.Humbleandconsiderate.C.Strong-willedandpositive. D.Energeticandsympathetic.cInautumn2021,asleadersfromacrosstheglobegatheredonGlasgowtotalkabouttheimpactofhuman-causedclimatechange,agroupofartists,architectsandresearchersinAustraliacameawaytodocumenttheplanet'sendbystoringdatainamassivemetalstoneinTasmania.KnownasEarth'sBlackBox,theproject,equalpartsartinstallationandtimecapsule,aimstodocumentthephysicalchangescausedbyglobalwarmingandhumanity'sgeopoliticalresponsetothem.Theinstallation'snameisanodtoacommonaviationpractice.Thecommercialairplaneandprivateaircraftareequippedwitha“blackbox*',amechanismthatautomaticallylogsimportantflightdetailslikealtitude,airspeedandequipmentfunctionality.Theseboxes,whichareusuallybrightorangeratherthanblack,aredesignedtowithstandextremetemperaturesaswellasimmenseamountsofforceandpressure.Theyaresometimestheonlyobjectsthatsurviveaplanecrash,allowinginvestigatorstoreconstructatimelineofwhatwentwrongintheaftermath.Earth'sBlackBoxdrawsinspirationfromthesemechanisms.Thevault（穹頂）willbemadefromspeciallydesigned,3-inch-thickreinforcedsteel,chosenfbritsresistancetofireandwaterdamageaswellasitstoughnessandfirmness.AlongwiththeUniversityofTasmaniaandacollectiveofartists,anAustraliancommunicationsfirmplanstobuildthe33-foot-longvaultinaremotepartofwesternTasmania.Theychosethelocationforitsrelativegeologicalandgeopoliticalstability.Unlikearairplane'sflightrecorder,however,Earth'sBlackBoxisnotmeanttowithstandtotalplanetarydestruction.IfEarthweretosomehowexplode,forinstance,itprobablywouldn'tsurvive.Instead,theartistsanddatascientistsbehindtheprojectthinkofitasawaytologtheprogressionofEarth'scurrentecologicalcollapse,whichisalreadyprofoundlychangingtheenvironment."Atitscore,theboxisintendedtobeasymbolofthedisastroussituationwefindour-selvesin,”saysCurtis,anexpertontheproject."Andmoreimportantly,it'sintendedtoholdourleaderstoaccountbybeinganunmissablestructurethatremindsthemthattheiractionsorinactionwillberecordedfbrgenerationstocome.nWhatisthepurposeofEarth'sBlackBox?A.Tokeeparecord. B.Toperformmonitoring.C.Tohandledownloads. D.Tomakepredictions.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intact"inparagraph2probablymean?Brightandcolorful.Inactiveanddisconnected.Completeandundamaged.Importantandmultifunctional.HowisthesteelusedtobuildtheEarth'sBlackBox'svault?Leaky,toughandfirm.Hot,breakableandexplosive.Damp,physicallystableandeco-friendly.Water-resistant,heat-resistingandsolid.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?GlobalLeadersAreAimingatGlobalWarming.Human-causedClimateChangeIsHavingaBigImpact.Earth'sBlackBoxWarnsofItsEndDuetoClimateChange.Earth'sBlackBoxCanSaveUsfromDisastrousSituations.DAteamofresearchershasfoundhowtousemathtostudypaintingstolearnmoreabouthowtheartdevelopedinthewesternworld.IntheirpaperpublishedinProceedingoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,thegroupdescribeshowtheyscannedthousandsofpaintingsandthenusedmathematicalalgorithms（算法）tofindcommonalitiesbetweenthemovertime.Beauty,asthesayinggoes,isintheeyeofthebeholder-andsoitisalsowithart.Twopeoplelookingatthesamepaintingcanwalkawaywithvastlydifferentimpressions.Thestudyofarthistorycanserveasachannel-castinglightonsocietaltrendsovertime.There-searchersfurthernotethattodate,moststudiesofarthistoryhavebeenqualitatively（定性地）based,whichhasledtotheresultswithprejudice,Toovercomeit,theresearcherswiththisneweffortlooktomathtoseeifitmightbeusefulinuncoveringfeaturesofpaintingsthathavebeenoverlookedbyhumanscholars.Theworkinvolveddigitallyscanning14,912paintings-allofwhich（exceptfortwo）werepaintedbyWesternartists.Thedataforeachofthepaintingswasthensentthroughamathematicalalgorithmthatdrewpartitionsonthedigitalimagesbasedoncontrastingcolors.Theresearchersranthealgorithmoneachpaintingmultipletimes,eachtimecreatingmoresectionstostudy.Forexample,thefirstrunofthealgorithmmighthavesimplycreatedtwosectionsonapainting-everythingonlandandeverythinginthesky.Thesecondmighthavesplitthelandintobuildingsinonesectionandfarmlandinanother.Theresearchersthenranotheralgorithmsdesignedtolookforpatternsbetweenthepaintings.Doingsoallowedthemtoseetrendslikepaintingstylesthatpredominatedduringcertainerasandlong-termtrends,suchastheplacementofthehorizon（地平線）.Theresearchersfoundthatoverthepastseveralhundredyears,paintershavebeenplacingitincreasinglyhigher.Inthe17thcentury,theseparationbetweenEarthandskydominatedlandscapes-thosedoneinmoremodemtimes,insharpcontrast,havethehorizonverynearthetopofthepainting.Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearchers?Awaytoresearchpaintings.Thedevelopmentofwesternart.Thesimilaritiesbetweenartandmath.Ascientificpaperonpaintingandmath.Whatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowithmath?Deepentheimpressionofpaintings.Uncoverthefeaturesofhumanscholars.Makeamoreobjectivestudyofpaintings.D.Interprettheresultsofpaintingqualitatively.Howwerethealgorithmscarriedout?Byobservingbuildingsandfarmland.Bylinkinglandpaintingswithskypaintings.Byanalyzingthevariouspartsofthepaintings.Byclassifyingthedifferentcolorsofthepaintings.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelocationofthehorizoninthepainting?Ithasvariedovertime.Itisalwaysverynearthetop.Itwasonlyplacedatthebottominthe17thcentury.Ithasnotchangedoverthepastseveralhundredyears.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)RespectingtheoldisafinetraditionofChina.However,nomatterhowmuchyouloveyourelders,it'snormaltofeeldepressedwhenyoumustconstantlyrepeatyourself,Butimaginehowtheyfeelwhentheycantunderstandwhatyouandothersaresayingtothem.ltcannotonlybedepressingbutalsoembarrassingforthem.Whenyourelderscan'thearwell,itcanalsobedangerous.(1).Youmustgetthemtheprofessionalhealthcarethattheyrequire.(2),youandyoureldersmightnotrecognizehowsevereitis.Thebestthingtodoisscheduleavisitwithanexpertwhocanmeasurethedegreeofhearinglossineachofyourelders*ears.Oncemeasured,theywillberecommendedtherighthearingaid.Backgroundnoisefromelectricalequipmentcanmakeitdifficultforyourelderstofocusonwhatyouorotherssay.⑶Don'traiseyourvoiceorshouttothembuttrysittingcloserandfacingthemdirectly.Somehardofhearingseniorscanalsolearntoreadlipswhenyou'retalkingtothem.Youmustadjustyourmindsetbeforeyoucaneffectivelyhelpyourelders.(4)Oneoutofthreeseniorsbetween65and74hashearingloss.Theylikelyhaveadultchildrenlikeyouwhoaretryingtocopeaswell.Copingwitheldersisnoeasytask,butjustrememberthattakinganyofthatbadmoodoutonthemwillservenopurpose.Besuretofindahealthyoutletwhetheritisafriendoranexpert.(5),trynottoexpressittothem.A.Rememberthatyou'renotaloneB.WhenyoucopewithaneasytaskC.NomatterhowdepressedyoufeelD.SpeaktothemasloudlyaspossibleE.BecausehearinglosscomesonslowlyF.TheymaynothearfireorsecurityalarmsG.Lowerthedevicesoundwhenspeakingtothem16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F G.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F G.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F G.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F G.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F G.G三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)Thethinghappenedlastyear.The⑵)wasconductedcompulsorilyduringtheCOVID-19outbreak.Mostpeoplewereforcedtostayathomeandmany(22)theirjobs.ButonedayIhadto(23)tothecompanybecauseofanemergency(24),Andthatwaswhensomethingmemorablecameintomyeyes.ltwasthe(25)ofaboystandingontheroadwitha(26)inhishand.Heseemedtobefromaneducatedfamilyfromthe(27)wordsonthelargenotice,whichwaswhyIgaveitasecondglance.ltread,nIneedmoneybadlyformymother's(28)!Thankyouforyourattention,dearfriends!HIwasanxioustocatchupwiththebigmeeting.(29),1didn'tstopthecar.Unemploymentandpovertywerea(n)(30)sightinthelargecity.Nowonderwemotoristsdrovebywithout⑶)assistance.Weweretaughtthatgivingmoneyhelped(32)adependentlifestyle,oritmademanypeople(33)toearntheirliving.AsI(34)awayfromtheboywiththatlargenotice,!wasextremely(35).Coulditbeashame?WhatshouldIdo?Turnbackormoveon?AsI(36)withthesequestions,!sawacar(37)infrontoftheboy.Amangotoffhiscarandwenttotalktotheboy,"Takethemoneyandwish

yourmomasuccessfuloperation.n(38),themanlenttheboyahand.AsI(39),somebodyelsesprangintoactionanddidwhatIcouldhavedone.SincethenFvebeen(40)thatitisimportanttodosomethingforsomeoneinneed,whetheritisbigorsmall,becausesomethingisbetterthannothing!21.A.educationB.lockdownC.researchD.leadership22.A.gotB.satisfiedC.lostD.checked23.A.driveB.walkC.runD.fly24.A.testB.purchaseC.medicineD.conference25.A.sightB.signalC.roleD.departure26.A.posterB.billC.mapD.mirror27.A.conservativeB.funnyC.politeD.absurd28.A.enquiryB.surgeryC.promotionD.introduction29.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.MeanwhileD.Therefore30.A.rareB.ridiculousC.commonD.attractive31.A.rejectingB.seekingC.witnessingD.offering32.A.abandonB.developC.missD.spoil33.A.unwillingB.dishonorableC.proudD.ready34.A.workedB.climbedC.walkedD.sped35.A.contentB.calmC.conflictedD.celebrated36.A.endedB.wrestledC.helpedD.agreed37.A.drawupB.blowupC.fadeawayD.breakaway38.A.GraduallyB.ApproximatelyC.ObviouslyD.Scarcely39.A.prayedB.sighedC.screamedD.hesitated40.A.curiousB.convincedC.suspiciousD.puzzled四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)41.ArchitectKerewonthePritzkerPrize,theworld'shighestrecognitioninbuildingdesign."The56-year-oldKere(1)(honor)onTuesdayforhispioneeringdesigns,*'saidTomPritzker,whoisthechairmanoftheHyattFoundation.Headded,"Thearchitect's(2)(work)aresustainabletoEarthanditsinhabitants.**KereisacitizenofbothBurkinaFasoandGermanyandlivesinBerlin.Hesaidhewas(3)happiestmanontheplanettobecomethe51strecipientofthefamousyearlyprize.Kereis(4)(know)forbuildingschools.healthcenters,housingandotherpublicplacesacrossAfrica.Heis(5)(equal)anarchitectandaservant,(6)(improve)thelivesandexperiencesofcountlesscitizensinaregionoftheworldthatisattimesforgotten.Kerewonspecialpraise(7)his2001projecttobuildaprimaryschoolinGando,thevillagewherehewasbom.Unliketraditionalschoolbuildings,whichuseconcrete,Kere's(8)(create)designcombineslocalclayandcement(水泥)(9)(form)bricks.Thematerialhelpskeepthebuildingcoolinthehotenvironment.Awidemetalroofprotectsthebuildingfromrain(10)helpsairflow.Thesuccessoftheprojectliesinthecreationofanextension^libraryandteachers'housinginlateryears.五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共I小題，共10.0分)42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Wehaveabighouse.Everytimewhenmymothercleansthefloor,sheisveryexhausted.That'sbecausemyfatherboughtasweepingrobotyesterday.Wetrieditforthefirsttime.Toourastonishments,itcouldmovearoundtheroomandreacheverycorner.ltsweepsthefloorandcollectedmuchtinydirt.NowIhaveabetterunderstandingtherobot'sperformance.ltisofhighintelligent.ltcanautomaticallycleantheirownwipingheads,makingthecleaningveryeasily.Dadcanevenaskittoworkbyphoneinhisoffice.Ifitgetssticking,itwillsendamessageforhelp.Whatamazingitis!六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25?0分）

你校將舉辦"遵守社會(huì)公德，從我做起(FollowSocialMoralityandStartfromMe)"的活

動(dòng)。請(qǐng)就此寫一篇短文發(fā)表在校英語報(bào)上，內(nèi)容包括：.活動(dòng)目的：.具體行為(排隊(duì)購票、愛護(hù)公物等)；.發(fā)出號(hào)召。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：2.題目已你寫好。答案和解析1?3.【答案】C、D、C【解析】（1）C推理判斷題。根據(jù)LaDivinaCommedia-DanteAlighieri 部分中的ThisisastoryaboutDante'sjourneytowardthelightandtheMiddleAgeconceptoftheafter-life. （這是一個(gè)關(guān)于但丁走向光明的旅程以及中世紀(jì)對(duì)來世的看法的故事。）可知這是作者生平的寫照。故選C。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)1984-GeorgeOrwell部分中的Foryoungpeople,thisisoneofthosebooksthatdemandreflectionontheimportanceofkeepinghumanvaluesanddefendingindividualityandfreedomwithinthesystem.（對(duì)于年輕人來說，這是一本需要反思在體制內(nèi)保持人類價(jià)值、捍衛(wèi)個(gè)性和自由的重要性的書。）以及AFarewelltoArms-ErnestHemingway 中的Publishedin1929,thisbookdescribesyoungboyswhoaremarchingintheseverestweatherconditionsatwarthoughdiscouragedandtired,reflectingthehorrorsofthewarandtheyoungpeople'sdoubtsaboutlife. （這本書出版于1929年，描寫了在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中最惡劣的天氣條件下，氣餒、疲憊的少年們，反映了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的恐怖和年輕人對(duì)生活的懷疑。）可知這兩本書的共同點(diǎn)是兩者都描述了年輕人對(duì)生活的思考。故選D。C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。ThePhantomoftheOpera-GastonLeroux 中的ThisfamoustheatricalnovelbytheFrenchauthorLeroux,publishedinFrancein1909 ,belongstoclassicliterature.Forthatreason,itcouldbeagreatgiftforpeoplewholiketheater,musicalsandopera.（這部著名的戲劇小說由法國作家勒魯于1909年在法國出版，屬于古典文學(xué)。因此，對(duì)于喜歡戲劇、音樂劇和歌劇的人來說，它可能是一份很棒的禮物。）可知ThePhantomoftheOpera-GastonLeroux 與戲劇有關(guān)，故選Co本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀理解，主要介紹了美國公民喜歡的幾本好書?？疾閺V告布告類閱讀理解。做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。4?7.【答案】B、A、D、C【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一自然段butIdidn'thaveasolidgraspofEnglish」learnedithardbutdidn'tscorehighenoughtosecureentrance.!hadtostayinAlgeriatocompleteamaster'sdegreeinstead.（ 但我對(duì)英語掌握不太好。我學(xué)得很努力，但分?jǐn)?shù)不夠高，無法保證進(jìn)入。我不得不留在阿爾及利亞攻讀碩士學(xué)位。）可知，作者因?yàn)橛⒄Z考試沒通過所以沒能進(jìn)入英國大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二自然段Theprofessor'scommentheartenedmetoadjustmyresearchtoaddressissuesofbroaderinterest.（教授的評(píng)論鼓舞了我調(diào)整我的研究，以解決更廣泛的問題。）可知，作者因?yàn)榻淌诘脑u(píng)論而備受鼓舞。A.Inspiring鼓舞人心的；B.Heartless無情的；C.Regular規(guī)律的；D.Confusing令人困惑的。故選A。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二自然段Facingglobalinequities,I'vestartedtotryusingapreprintservertointegrateanEnglishlanguageproofingsystemintoitsplatform,whichwouldconnectauthorswhoneedlanguagehelp.（面對(duì)全球的不平等，我開始嘗試使用預(yù)印本服務(wù)器將英語校對(duì)系統(tǒng)集成到其平臺(tái)中，這將連接需要語言幫助的作者。）可知，預(yù)印本服務(wù)器旨在幫助在語言上需要幫助的人們。故選D。（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Iknewstudyingabroadwouldbekeytomysuccess.（我知道出國留學(xué)是我成功的關(guān)犍。）以及ButIkeptlearningEnglishonmyown.Twoyearslater,IearnedaPh.D.scholarshiptostudyinSwitzerland.（但我一直在自學(xué)英語。兩年后，我獲得了在瑞士學(xué)習(xí)的博士獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。）可以看出作者意志堅(jiān)定;根據(jù)最后一段Wecantakestepstomaketheglobalscientificcommunitymoreinclusive.AndIwanttobepartofthatpushforchange.（我們可以采取措施，使全球科學(xué)界更具包容性。我想成為推動(dòng)變革的一部分。）可以看出，作者積極樂觀。A.Honestandathletic誠實(shí)的和好運(yùn)動(dòng)的：B.Humbleandconsiderate 謙遜體貼的；C.Strong-willedandpositive意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，積極向上的；D.Energeticandsympathetic 精力充沛，富有同情心的。故選C。本文是一篇記敘文。以第一人稱口吻講述了一位阿爾及利亞長(zhǎng)大的一名女性為了出國留學(xué)，通過自己的不懈努力，獲得了在瑞士學(xué)習(xí)的博士獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。后來受瑞士一位教授的鼓舞在常規(guī)期刊上發(fā)表文章，獲得了加拿大博士后學(xué)位的故事。閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。8?II.【答案】A、C、D、C［解析】（I）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段KnownasEarth'sBlackBox,theproject,equalpartsartinstallationandtimecapsule,aimstodocumentthephysicalchangescausedbyglobalwarmingandhumanity'sgeopoliticalresponsetothem.（該項(xiàng)目被稱為“地球黑匣子”，由藝術(shù)裝置和時(shí)間膠囊組成，旨在記錄全球變暖引起的物理變化以及人類對(duì)這些變化的地緣政治反應(yīng)。）可知它的目的是"紀(jì)錄"，故選A。C.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段Theyaresometimestheonlyobjectsthatsurviveaplanecrash （它們有時(shí)是飛機(jī)失事后唯一幸存下來的物體）以及allowinginvestigatorstoreconstructatimelineofwhatwentwrongintheaftermath.（允許調(diào)查人員重建事后出錯(cuò)的時(shí)間表。）可知C選項(xiàng)"完整的，無損壞的”符合題意。故選CoD.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Thevault（穹頂）willbemadefromspeciallydesigned,3-inch-thickreinforcedsteel,chosenforitsresistancetofireandwaterdamageaswellasitstoughnessandfirmness. （穹頂將由專門設(shè)計(jì)的3英寸厚的鋼筋制成，其選擇是因?yàn)槠淇够鸷头浪约绊g性和堅(jiān)固性。）可知D”耐水、耐熱、堅(jiān)固”符合題意。故選D。C.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章可知，整篇文章圍繞關(guān)鍵詞”地球黑匣子”展開，根據(jù)最后一段"Andmoreimportantly,it'sintendedtoholdourleaderstoaccountbybeinganunmissablestructurethatremindsthemthattheiractionsorinactionwillberecordedforgenerationstocome."（"更重要的是，它是為了讓我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人負(fù)起責(zé)任，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)不容忽視的結(jié)構(gòu)，提醒他們，他們的作為或不作為將被記錄下來，代代相傳。"）可知C選項(xiàng)"地球黑匣子警告氣候變化將導(dǎo)致地球滅亡"符合題意。故選C。文章講述了紀(jì)錄氣候變化的"地球黑匣子”項(xiàng)目，它將敦促各國履行其應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的義務(wù)。閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。12~15.【答案】A、C、C、A【解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Ateamofresearchershasfoundhowtousemathtostudypaintingstolearnmoreabouthowtheartdevelopedinthewesternworld.（―,組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用數(shù)學(xué)來研究繪畫，以更多地了解藝術(shù)在西方世界是如何發(fā)展的。）可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了使用數(shù)學(xué)來研究繪畫的方式，故選A項(xiàng)。（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Theresearchersfurthernotethattodate,moststudiesofarthistoryhavebeenqualitatively（定，性地）based,whichhasledtotheresultswithprejudice,Toovercomeit,theresearcherswiththisneweffortlooktomathtoseeifitmightbeusefulinuncoveringfeaturesofpaintingsthathavebeenoverlookedbyhumanscholars.（研究人員進(jìn)一步指出，迄今為止，大多數(shù)藝術(shù)史研究都是以定性為基礎(chǔ)的，這導(dǎo)致了帶有偏見的結(jié)果，為了克服它，研究人員以這種新的努力著眼于數(shù)學(xué)，看看它是否可能有助于揭示被人類學(xué)者忽視的繪畫特征。）可知，以前的研究是定性研究，帶來了很多偏見，而此次的研究人員想要克服偏見，即就是變得更客觀。故選C項(xiàng)。（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段ThedataforeachofthepaintingswasthensentthroughamathematicalalgorithmthatdrewpartitionsonthedigitalimagesbasedoncontrastingcolorsTheresearchersranthealgorithmoneachpaintingmultipletimes,eachtimecreatingmoresectionstostudy.（然后通過數(shù)學(xué)算法發(fā)送每幅畫的數(shù)據(jù)，該算法根據(jù)對(duì)比色在數(shù)字圖像上繪制分區(qū)。研究人員在每幅畫上多次運(yùn)行該算法，每次都會(huì)創(chuàng)建更多的部分進(jìn)行研究。）可知，該算法是對(duì)于畫作進(jìn)行分區(qū)研究。故選C項(xiàng)。（4）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Theresearchersfoundthatoverthepastseveralhundredyears,paintershavebeenplacingitincreasinglyhigher.Inthe17thcentury,theseparationbetweenEarthandskydominatedlandscapes-thosedoneinmoremodemtimes,insharpcontrast,havethehorizonverynearthetopofthepainting（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過去的幾百年里，畫家們一宜把它放得越來越高。在17世紀(jì)，地球和天空之間的分離主導(dǎo)了風(fēng)景一那些在更現(xiàn)代的時(shí)期完成的風(fēng)景形成鮮明對(duì)比，地平線非常靠近畫作的頂部。）可知，在不同時(shí)期，地平線的位置會(huì)有所不同，所以可以推測(cè)地平線的位置會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移發(fā)生變化，故選A項(xiàng)。本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講解了一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用數(shù)學(xué)來研究繪畫，即掃描數(shù)千幅畫作，然后使用數(shù)學(xué)算法隨著時(shí)間的推移找到它們之間的共同點(diǎn)，以更多地了解藝術(shù)在西方世界是如何發(fā)展的。做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。16?20.【答案】F、E、G、A、C【解析】（1）F.聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Whenyourelderscan'thearwell,itcanalsobedangerous.（當(dāng)你的長(zhǎng)輩聽力不好時(shí)，這也可能是危險(xiǎn)的。）可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步說明為什么聽力不好危險(xiǎn)：聽不到火警或安全警報(bào),F選項(xiàng)中they指代上文中elderso故F.Theymaynothearfireorsecurityalarms （他們可能聽不到火警或安全警報(bào)）符合語境。故選F。E.段落主題題。根據(jù)后文youandyoureldersmightnotrecognizehowsevereitis.Thebestthingtodoisscheduleavisitwithanexpertwhocanmeasurethedegreeofhearinglossineachofyourelders*ears.Oncemeasured,theywillberecommendedtherighthearingaid.（你和你的長(zhǎng)輩可能沒有意識(shí)到它有多嚴(yán)重。最好的辦法是安排一位專家，他可以測(cè)量每個(gè)老人耳朵的聽力損失程度。一旦測(cè)量完畢，就會(huì)向他們推薦合適的助聽器。）可知，后文建議安排專家給老人測(cè)量聽力損失程度，故本句是在說明這么做的原因：因?yàn)槁犃p失是慢慢來的。故E.Becausehearinglosscomesonslowly （因?yàn)槁犃p失是慢慢來的）符合語境。故選E。G.聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Backgroundnoisefromelectricalequipmentcanmakeitdifficultforyourelderstofocusonwhatyouorotherssay.（來自電子設(shè)備的背景噪音會(huì)讓你的長(zhǎng)輩很難集中注意力聽你或其他人說的話。）可知，上文提到電子設(shè)備的背景噪音不利于集中注意力，因此要降低聲音，G選項(xiàng)中thedevicesound對(duì)應(yīng)上文中Backgroundnoisefromelectricalequipmento故G.Lowerthedevicesoundwhenspeakingtothem（和他們說話時(shí)，調(diào)低設(shè)備聲音）符合語境。故選G。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Youmustadjustyourmindsetbeforeyoucaneffectivelyhelpyourelders.（你必須調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)，才能有效地幫助長(zhǎng)輩）”以及后文"Oneoutofthreeseniorsbetween65and74hashearingloss.Theylikelyhaveadultchildrenlikeyouwhoaretryingtocopeaswell.（在65歲至74歲的老年人中，三分之一的人聽力受損。他們可能有像你一樣的成年子女，他們也在努力應(yīng)對(duì)。）可知，后文提到其它老人的子女也在應(yīng)對(duì)老人聽力下降的問題，可見不是一個(gè)人有這種問題。故A.RememberthatyouYenotalone （記住，你并不孤單）符合語境。故選A。C.聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Copingwitheldersisnoeasytask,butjustrememberthattakinganyofthatbadmoodoutonthemwillservenopurpose.Besuretofindahealthyoutletwhetheritisafriendoranexpert.（與年長(zhǎng)者相處不是件容易的事，但要記住，把任何不好的情緒發(fā)泄在他們身上都是沒有用的。一定要找到一個(gè)健康的渠道，無論是朋友還是專家。）可知，上文提到不要把不好的情緒發(fā)泄給長(zhǎng)輩，C選項(xiàng)中depressed對(duì)應(yīng)上文中badmoodo故C.Nomatterhowdepressedyoufeel （無論你感到多么沮喪）符合語境。故選C。這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩聽力下降的問題提出了一些方法。七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個(gè)選詞，一個(gè)選句子。解題時(shí)，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。21~40.【答案】B、C、A、D、A、A、C、B、D、C、D、B、A、D、C、B、A、C、D、B【解析】（1）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.education教育；B.lockdown封鎖；C.research研究：D.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。句意：此次封鎖是在2019冠狀病毒疾病爆發(fā)期間強(qiáng)制實(shí)施的。根據(jù)下文"Mostpeoplewereforcedtostayathome.（大多數(shù)人被迫呆在家里）"可知，在2019冠狀病毒疾病爆發(fā)期間實(shí)施了封鎖。故選B。C.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.got得到；B.satisfied使 滿意；C.lost失去;Dchecked檢查。句意：大多數(shù)人被迫呆在家里，許多人失去了工作。根據(jù)空前的"Mostpeoplewereforcedtostayathome.（大多數(shù)人被迫呆在家里）”可知，許多人在疫情期間失業(yè)了。故選CoA.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.drive開車；B.walk步行；C.run跑；D.fly飛。句意：但有一天，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)緊急會(huì)議，我不得不開車去公司。根據(jù)下文"aboystandingontheroad"及"Turnbackormoveon?（掉頭還是繼續(xù)？）”可知，作者是開車去公司的。故選A。（4）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.test考試；B.purchase購買;C.medicine藥品；D.conference會(huì)議。句意：但有一天，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)緊急會(huì)議，我不得不開車去公司o根據(jù)下文"Iwasanxioustocatchupwiththebigmeeting.（我急于趕上那個(gè)重要的會(huì)議）"可知，作者是因?yàn)榫o急會(huì)議才開車去公司。故選D。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.sight景象，情形；B.signal信號(hào):C.role角色；D.departure出發(fā)。句意：那是一個(gè)男孩站在路上，手里拿著一張海報(bào)的情景。根據(jù)上文“Andthatwaswhensomethingmemorablecameintomyeyes.（一些讓我難忘的事情映入我的眼簾）”可知，作者接下來描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情形。選項(xiàng)A"sight”景象，情形復(fù)合題意。故選A。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.poster海報(bào)；B.bill賬單；C.map地圖；D.mirror鏡子。句意：那是一個(gè)男孩站在路上，手里拿著一張海報(bào)的情景。根據(jù)下文"fromthe（7）wordsonthelargenotice（從大布告上的 用語來看）"可知，小男孩手里拿的是海報(bào)，上面有文字內(nèi)容。故選A。（7）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.conservative保守的；B.funny滑稽的，好笑的；C.polite禮貌的：D.absurd荒謬的。句意：從大布告上的禮貌用語來看，他似乎來自一個(gè)受過教育的家庭，這就是為什么我再看一眼。根據(jù)上文"Heseemedtobefromaneducatedfamily（他似乎來自一個(gè)受過教育的家庭）"可知，小男孩用語禮貌。故選C。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.enquiry詢問；B.surgery外科手術(shù)；C.promotion晉升，促銷活動(dòng)；D.introduction介紹。句意：上面寫著："我急需錢為我母親做手術(shù)！”根據(jù)空前的"Ineedmoneybadly(我急需錢)”以及最后一段"Takethemoneyandwishyourmomasuccessfuloperation.(拿著錢，祝你媽媽手術(shù)成功)"可知，小男孩的母親是生病做手術(shù)急需錢。故選B。D.考查副詞及語境理解。A.Instead相反；B.Otherwise否則；C.Meanwhile同時(shí)；D.Therefore因此。句意：我急于趕上那個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。因此，我沒有停車。根據(jù)句內(nèi)的因果關(guān)系可知，因?yàn)橐s上那個(gè)重要的會(huì)議，所以，我沒有停車。故選D。C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.rare罕見的；B.ridiculous荒謬的；C.common常見的；Detractive有吸引力的。句意：失業(yè)和貧窮是這個(gè)大城市的普遍現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)下文"Nowonderwemotoristsdrovebywithout(11)assistance.(難怪我們這些開車的人沒有提供幫助就開車路過)”可知，因?yàn)檫@種現(xiàn)象很普遍，所以人們司空見慣了。故選CoD.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。Arejecting拒絕；B.seeking尋找；C.witnessing見證；Differing提供。句意：難怪我們這些開車的人沒有提供幫助就開車路過。根據(jù)上文”這種現(xiàn)象很普遍”及下文我們被告知的內(nèi)容可知，人們沒有提供幫助。故選D。B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.abandon拋棄；B.develop發(fā)展，養(yǎng)成；C.miss錯(cuò)過，想念：D.spoil溺愛。句意：我們被告知，捐錢有助于養(yǎng)成一種依賴的生