中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（八） 動(dòng)詞講解與練習(xí)

PAGE22PAGE專(zhuān)題八動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、基本用法及作用★動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)★動(dòng)詞的作用★動(dòng)詞的基本用法（動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)）考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、基本用法1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：cancould能maymight可以willwould愿意shallshould應(yīng)該must必須haveto不得不+V原形（在句中不當(dāng)任何成分）2.助動(dòng)詞：dodoesdid（無(wú)詞意）havehashad（無(wú)詞意）+V過(guò)分3.系動(dòng)詞：be,turn變得,become變得,get(變得)look(看起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),feel(摸起來(lái))+形容詞（無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）seem好像keep保持stay保持（構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)）4.實(shí)義/行為動(dòng)詞：（在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)）+副詞①.vt.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)vi不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞+賓語(yǔ)②.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用一段時(shí)間瞬間動(dòng)詞不用一段時(shí)間，如果要用，必須轉(zhuǎn)化成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（since和for引導(dǎo)的完成時(shí)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞borrow借keepdie死bedeadmarry/getmarriedbemarriedleavebeawaycomebeherearrivein/reachbeinstartbeonbecomebebuyhavefinishbeover考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞的五種形式1、原形（動(dòng)詞本身）2、三單：（加-s）①、在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s②、以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es③、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改為i,再加-es3、現(xiàn)在分詞：(加-ing)①、大部分動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing②、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的，去掉e,再加-ing③、雙寫(xiě)加-ing的(get,cut,put,sit；stop,shop,plan,swim；run,hit,travel等)④、少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的，要把ie改為y,再加-ingdiedying死lielying躺tietying系4、過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞（加-ed）1）、規(guī)則變化①、部分動(dòng)詞在詞尾直接加-ed②、以-e結(jié)尾的，直接加-d③、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，把y改為i,再加-ed④、個(gè)別單詞需雙寫(xiě)末尾字母加-ed(stop,plan,travel等)2）、不規(guī)則變化①不變的原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞putputputcutcutcutreadreadreadhurthurthurt②、其余改變字母的，見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)書(shū)book6后，需同學(xué)們自己去記憶。如：bewas/werebeenleaveleftleftbecomebecamebecomelendlentlentbeginbeganbegunloselost--lostbreakbrokebrokenmakemademadebringbroughtbroughtmeetmetmetbuildbuiltbuiltpaypaidpaidbuyboughtboughtrunran--runcatchcaughtcaughtsaysaidsaidcomecamecomeseesawseendrinkdrankdrunksitsatsatdrivedrovedrivensleepsleptslepteatateeatensmellsmeltsmeltfallfellfallenspeakspokespokenfeelfeltfeltspendspentspentfindfoundfoundstandstoodstoodflyflewflownswimswamswumforgetforgotforgottaketooktakengetgotgotteachtaughttaughtgivegavegiventelltoldtoldgowentgonethinkthoughtthoughtgrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownhearheadheardwearworewornholdheldheldwinwonwonkeepkeptkeptwrite—wrotewrittenknowknewknown▲：練習(xí)1.Mrs.Chentoldustowriteas(care)aswecould.2.Englishdictionariesarevery(use)toyouwhenyoustudyEnglish.3.Theoldshouldbespokento(polite).4.Hedidtheworkvery(care).Everybodysaidhehaddoneagoodjob.5.Wehopeitwillbe(sun)tomorrow,forourpicnic.6.Themotherlooked(angry)athernaughtydaughter.7.Listen!Thelovelybirdsaresingingnicelyand(soft)inthetrees.8.Ifatfirstyoudon’t(success),try,tryagain.9.Itiswell(know)thattheBeijingOlympicsin2008wasagreatsuccess.10.(luck),hewasn’thurtbadly.11.Heworkedouttheproblem___________(easy).12.Hetrieshisbesttodosomeexercisetokeep_________(health)13.Annislaughing____________(happy)14.Areyourparents____________(interesting)inswimming?15.Thestrongmanliftthefruittothetruck____________(easy)16.Igotuplatethismorning,but___________(luck)Igottoschoolintime.17.Doyouknowtheboy__________(name)Potter.18.Don’tplayfootballhere.It’stoo____________(danger).19.Idon’t____________(real)agreewithyou.20.Ifoundthehospital____________(easy).21.Mybrotheroftenforgetshishomework.Heisvery_____________(care).22.Themanwas____________(bad)ill.Sowetookhimtothehospital.23.Idon’tfeelvery___________(good).24.Ifelt___________(excite)whenIheardthenews.25.Mysisterbecame__________(relax)whenItoldherthetruth.26.Englishisusedvery____________(wide)intheworld.27.Infiveyears,I__________(be)adoctor.28.It’shothere,you’dbetter_____________(notwear)yourcoat.29.Inearlyforgot_____________(turn)offthelightwhenIlefttheroom.30.It’salittlecoldhere.Doyoumind___________(close)thewindow?31.Ihavereturnedthebooktothelibraryalready.Howlong________you________(keep)it?32.Chinese_______________(speak)bymanypeopleintheworld33.Bequite!Theteachers_______________(have)ameeting.34.Ifounditverydifficult___________(work)outtheproblem.35.I’mafraidyou___________(forget)thedate,haven’tyou?36.Ifit____(notrain)nextSunday,We’llhaveafootballma