語法填空時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)課件

時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)1時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考。究竟考些什么內(nèi)容？現(xiàn)將考點(diǎn)簡述如下：1.時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時(shí)態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：考點(diǎn)解密時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考。究竟考些什么內(nèi)2時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)did在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時(shí)will/shalldo在將來某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去將來時(shí)woulddo在過去某一時(shí)刻看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbedoing表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去完成時(shí)haddone表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)詞，即“過去的過去”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing表示一個(gè)從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doe3注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”等。在飛機(jī)、火車等時(shí)刻表中規(guī)定的事情，或在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；表示計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)，還常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，continually，constantly等連用，表示說話人的某種情感，如贊揚(yáng)，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。(贊揚(yáng))注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：“begoingto42.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式由be來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“willbe+過去分詞”。2.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出5在高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)有一空是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式。解題技巧在高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)6例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(廣東)實(shí)例剖析分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，括號(hào)中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；主語與謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再說短語動(dòng)詞resultin本身是不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的，故用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長這個(gè)成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填results。例1：Thisproverbissayingweh7例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich__________(place)undertheMinister’scar.(廣東)分析：替代thebox的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，place應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；因主語which(thebox)與place(放置)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因place這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wascaught這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hadbeenplaced。例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionw8考點(diǎn)擊破考點(diǎn)擊破9時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)分析謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)在全國卷高考中是每年必考點(diǎn)，我們必須重視。雖然考試說明中的列了十種時(shí)態(tài)，但?？嫉闹皇且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)分析101.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.[解析]句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的是它的時(shí)態(tài)；“急于求成，往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。results1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。results112.一般過去時(shí)。Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33(present)thewatertotheoldman.[解析]句中theyoungman是主語，其后的present應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，由語境可知，用一般過去時(shí)。presented2.一般過去時(shí)。[解析]句中theyoungman是主語123.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemotevillage.[解析]

在when后面的句子中，mycar是主語，break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去式；再說was/weredoing…when…did…是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另一事”。broke3.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。[解析]在when后面的句子中，my134.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform).[解析]Jane是主語，其后的inform應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；因Jane與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wasinformed4.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。[解析]Jane是主語，其后的i14二、真題演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.…peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(2009年廣東)1.pushed

與stepped并列，也用一般過去時(shí)。pushed二、真題演練1.pushed與stepped并列，也用一152.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet.Look,there______(come)therestofourguests!2.come。由于以here和there開頭引出的倒裝句通常只用于一般時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)榫渥又髡Ztherestofourguest為復(fù)數(shù)，故填e2.—Iseveryonehere?2.come。由163.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______(wear)eveningdress.(2010全國卷II)3.wears。根據(jù)句意，此處談的是一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由于oneofthewomen前有only修飾，說明其后的定語從句是修飾one的，而不是修飾women的，所以定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；故填wears。wears3.Barbaraiseasytorecogniz174.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers________(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(上海卷)4.have。根據(jù)句中的everyfewyears(每隔幾年)可知，動(dòng)作帶有經(jīng)常性和規(guī)律性，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。have4.Everyfewyears,thecoalw185.Thechurchtowerwhich________(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(上海卷)5.isbeingrestored。根據(jù)句中的…willbeopentotouristssoon(不久將對(duì)游客開放)以及Theworkisalmostfinished(工程差不多快結(jié)束了)可知，thechurchtower的修復(fù)工程還正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。isbeingrestored5.Thechurchtowerwhich____196.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit________(come)onthemarketin1973.(重慶卷)6.came。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)。came6.Thebookhasbeentranslate207.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou____________(arrive)safely.(2010全國卷I)7.havearrived。根據(jù)常識(shí)，說話人應(yīng)該是叫對(duì)方“已經(jīng)”到家后才打電話報(bào)平安，故選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havearrived7.Whenyouarehome,giveac218.Uptonow,theprogram________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(山東卷)8.hassaved。短語uptonow的意思是“到現(xiàn)在為止”，指從過去某時(shí)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。hassaved8.Uptonow,theprogram____229.Formanyyears,people________(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.(浙江卷)9.havedreamed。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)態(tài)hasbeen，以有formanyyears(多年來)可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havedreamed9.Formanyyears,people____2310.一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?

一Notuntilwe_____________ourplan.(四川卷)10.havefinished。再根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知，人們通常是先制定計(jì)劃，然后付諸實(shí)施，故空格處填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較符合句子語境。havefinished10.一Whenshallwerestartour2411.—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends____________(wait)forus.(北京卷)11.arewaiting。對(duì)話的意思是：“我還有沒吃完飯?！薄暗俏覀兊呐笥言诘任覀兞??！盿rewaiting11.—I’mnotfinishedwithmy2512.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople____________(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(湖南卷)12.wereselling。根據(jù)常識(shí)，在“我慢慢走過市場時(shí)”，在市場那里有各種蔬菜水果在賣，“我”才會(huì)“仔細(xì)研究其價(jià)格”“買下需要的東西”。wereselling12.Iwalkedslowlythroughth2613.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No,I________(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽卷)13.hadread。由語境可知，“看這本書”應(yīng)該是在“看電影”之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。hadread13.—Wereyousurprisedbythe2714.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________(do)forme.(北京卷)14.haddone。句中do的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生took之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。haddone14.Ittookmealongtimebef2815.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______(do)it.Wasityou?(湖南卷)15.haddone。根據(jù)句意可知，“有人給玫瑰剪枝”發(fā)生在“我去給玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。haddone15.Iwasjustgoingtocutmy2916.I’mtiredout.I____________(shop)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南卷)16.havebeenshopping。因?yàn)椤昂芾邸笔且驗(yàn)椤罢麄€(gè)下午一直在購物”導(dǎo)致的，又由don’tseem可知，現(xiàn)在仍在購物，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。havebeenshopping16.I’mtiredout.I_________3017.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______________(cough)alotlately.(2010陜西卷)17.havebeencoughing。根據(jù)句中“不得不要去看醫(yī)生”這一信息可知，“咳嗽”這一現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)在還在持續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。havebeencoughing17.Ihavetoseethedoctorb3118.Thiscoastalarea________(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(湖南卷)18.wasnamed。由于thiscoastalarea與name之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中的lastyear可知，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wasnamed18.Thiscoastalarea________3219.Linda,makesurethetables_______(set)beforetheguestsarrive.(2010全國卷II)19.areset。由于table(桌子)與set(擺，放置)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因?yàn)閙akesure后接從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。areset19.Linda,makesurethetable3320.Thepalacecaughtfiresthreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding________(remain)now.(2010重慶卷)20.remains。意思是說，由于三次失火，原來的建筑現(xiàn)在就沒有留下來了。remain=beleft被留下來。remains20.Thepalacecaughtfiresth3421.You’vefailedtodowhatyou____________(expect)toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.(四川卷)21.wereexpected。由expectsbtodosth(期待某人做某事)可知，you與expect為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；意思是指沒有做“過去安排好要做的事”，于是擔(dān)心受懲罰，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wereexpected21.You’vefailedtodowhaty3522.Thencameanotherrider;theoldman32(catch)hiseyeandsaid,“Sir,wouldyouminddoingmeafavor?”(2010深圳一模)22.caught。由與之并列的謂語動(dòng)詞andsaid可知，catch也用一般過去時(shí)。caught22.Thencameanotherrider;t3623.Peoplesaythatasmilecan39(pass)fromonepersontoanother,butactsofkindnessfromstrangersareevenmoreso.(2010深圳一模)23.bepassed。因asmile與pass是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用原形。bepassed23.Peoplesaythatasmileca3724.Ithoughtforamoment,35(roll)downthewindow,andgesturedtotheman.(2010茂名一模)24.rolled。從后文的and可知，roll的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與thought和gestured一致，要用一般過去時(shí)。注意，由and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)先后發(fā)生的系列動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)一致。rolled24.Ithoughtforamoment,3825.Whenresearch35(assign),theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.(三模)25.isassigned。謂語動(dòng)詞，因research(研究工作)與assign(分配)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又根據(jù)前后時(shí)態(tài)(如expects)可知，此空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。isassigned25.Whenresearch35(assi39語法填空時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)課件40一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe

____________(notlive)hereanymore.(全國I)2.Thismachine_______________(notwork).Ithasn’tworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they________________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全國Ⅱ)4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_____________(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)doesn’tlivedoesn’twork

willincreasewilllive一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。doesn’tli415.He__________(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)6.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe___________theChineseSociety.(寧夏)7.Teenagers____________(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重慶)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)playedjoinedaredamagingwastalking5.He__________(play)footbal429.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_____________(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)10.Bythistimetomorrow,I_____________(lie)onthebeach11.Sofarthisyearwe___________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)wouldnotsmokewillbelyinghaveseen9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe4312.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____________(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____________(know)eachotherforyears.(遼寧)hadstayedhadknown12.Thehotelwasn’tparticula4414.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He_____________________(prepare)foritformonths.(江蘇)15.Thetelephone________________(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?

—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_______________(invite).(陜西)hasbeenpreparingwasringingwasinvited14.—I’msureAndrewwillwin4517.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_______________(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________________(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽)isbeingtestedhavebeentaught17.—What’sthatnoise?isbein4619.Nodecision_______________(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(北京)20.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______________(offer)thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….(湖南)willbemadeareoffered19.Nodecision______________47二、語篇填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31～40的相應(yīng)位置上。(以動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為主)二、語篇填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫48(1)It

wasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI[1]_______________(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket[2]________(take)outmykey[3]______Icouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI

hadleft[4]______onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmake[5]________difference.Iknewmywifewasathomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool[6]________now,soIknocked

atthedoor.waswearingtotakebutitanyby(1)waswearingtotakebuti49Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I[7]____________(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.Iwasgettingangry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife[8]________(phone)

sayingthatshe[9]_____________(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme

todo:Ihadtoclimein[10]___________awindow.continuedhadphonewouldgothroughTherewasnoanswer,soIknoc50(2)Whenhewasalittleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismother[1]_______________(turn)thewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldn'titwork[2]________(quick)ifamachineturnedthewheelforyou?”heasked.“Isupposeitwould,”saidhismother,without[3]________(pay)himanyattention.Christopher[4]________(know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewanted[5]________(help)her.turning/turnquickerpayingknewtohelp(2)turning/turnquickerpaying51Upinhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfatherhadbought[6]______asagift.“I[7]__________________(make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother[8]____________(notuse)hersewing-machine,hefixedthetoysteam-engineontoit.Whenthejob[9]____________(finish),hewasquitepleased,

[10]____________(think)hismother[11]____________(like)it.himshall/willmakewasnotusingwasfinishedthinkingwouldlikeUpinhisbedroomtherewasa52“Veryclever,”hismothersaid,whenshesawit.Thenshesatdownandwenton[12]________(turn)thewheelbyhand.“I[13]___________(work)likethisfortoomanyyears,”sheexplained.ThistaughtChristopherCockerellthelessonthatanyonewhotries[14]____________(improve)anything[15]________(have)tolearn:Manypeopledon’tlikenewideas.turninghavebeenworkingtoimprovehas“Veryclever,”hismothersaid53goodbyegoodbye54時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)55時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考。究竟考些什么內(nèi)容？現(xiàn)將考點(diǎn)簡述如下：1.時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時(shí)態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：考點(diǎn)解密時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考。究竟考些什么內(nèi)56時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)did在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時(shí)will/shalldo在將來某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去將來時(shí)woulddo在過去某一時(shí)刻看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbedoing表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去完成時(shí)haddone表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)詞，即“過去的過去”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing表示一個(gè)從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doe57注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”等。在飛機(jī)、火車等時(shí)刻表中規(guī)定的事情，或在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；表示計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)，還常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，continually，constantly等連用，表示說話人的某種情感，如贊揚(yáng)，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。(贊揚(yáng))注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：“begoingto582.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式由be來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“willbe+過去分詞”。2.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出59在高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)有一空是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式。解題技巧在高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)60例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(廣東)實(shí)例剖析分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，括號(hào)中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；主語與謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再說短語動(dòng)詞resultin本身是不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的，故用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長這個(gè)成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填results。例1：Thisproverbissayingweh61例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich__________(place)undertheMinister’scar.(廣東)分析：替代thebox的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，place應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；因主語which(thebox)與place(放置)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因place這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wascaught這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hadbeenplaced。例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionw62考點(diǎn)擊破考點(diǎn)擊破63時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)分析謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)在全國卷高考中是每年必考點(diǎn)，我們必須重視。雖然考試說明中的列了十種時(shí)態(tài)，但?？嫉闹皇且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一、考點(diǎn)分析641.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.[解析]句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的是它的時(shí)態(tài)；“急于求成，往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。results1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。results652.一般過去時(shí)。Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33(present)thewatertotheoldman.[解析]句中theyoungman是主語，其后的present應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，由語境可知，用一般過去時(shí)。presented2.一般過去時(shí)。[解析]句中theyoungman是主語663.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemotevillage.[解析]

在when后面的句子中，mycar是主語，break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去式；再說was/weredoing…when…did…是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另一事”。broke3.固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。[解析]在when后面的句子中，my674.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform).[解析]Jane是主語，其后的inform應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；因Jane與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wasinformed4.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。[解析]Jane是主語，其后的i68二、真題演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.…peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(2009年廣東)1.pushed

與stepped并列，也用一般過去時(shí)。pushed二、真題演練1.pushed與stepped并列，也用一692.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet.Look,there______(come)therestofourguests!2.come。由于以here和there開頭引出的倒裝句通常只用于一般時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)榫渥又髡Ztherestofourguest為復(fù)數(shù)，故填e2.—Iseveryonehere?2.come。由703.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______(wear)eveningdress.(2010全國卷II)3.wears。根據(jù)句意，此處談的是一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由于oneofthewomen前有only修飾，說明其后的定語從句是修飾one的，而不是修飾women的，所以定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；故填wears。wears3.Barbaraiseasytorecogniz714.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers________(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(上海卷)4.have。根據(jù)句中的everyfewyears(每隔幾年)可知，動(dòng)作帶有經(jīng)常性和規(guī)律性，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。have4.Everyfewyears,thecoalw725.Thechurchtowerwhich________(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(上海卷)5.isbeingrestored。根據(jù)句中的…willbeopentotouristssoon(不久將對(duì)游客開放)以及Theworkisalmostfinished(工程差不多快結(jié)束了)可知，thechurchtower的修復(fù)工程還正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。isbeingrestored5.Thechurchtowerwhich____736.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit________(come)onthemarketin1973.(重慶卷)6.came。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)。came6.Thebookhasbeentranslate747.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou____________(arrive)safely.(2010全國卷I)7.havearrived。根據(jù)常識(shí)，說話人應(yīng)該是叫對(duì)方“已經(jīng)”到家后才打電話報(bào)平安，故選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havearrived7.Whenyouarehome,giveac758.Uptonow,theprogram________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(山東卷)8.hassaved。短語uptonow的意思是“到現(xiàn)在為止”，指從過去某時(shí)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。hassaved8.Uptonow,theprogram____769.Formanyyears,people________(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.(浙江卷)9.havedreamed。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)態(tài)hasbeen，以有formanyyears(多年來)可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havedreamed9.Formanyyears,people____7710.一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?

一Notuntilwe_____________ourplan.(四川卷)10.havefinished。再根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知，人們通常是先制定計(jì)劃，然后付諸實(shí)施，故空格處填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較符合句子語境。havefinished10.一Whenshallwerestartour7811.—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends____________(wait)forus.(北京卷)11.arewaiting。對(duì)話的意思是：“我還有沒吃完飯?！薄暗俏覀兊呐笥言诘任覀兞?。”arewaiting11.—I’mnotfinishedwithmy7912.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople____________(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(湖南卷)12.wereselling。根據(jù)常識(shí)，在“我慢慢走過市場時(shí)”，在市場那里有各種蔬菜水果在賣，“我”才會(huì)“仔細(xì)研究其價(jià)格”“買下需要的東西”。wereselling12.Iwalkedslowlythroughth8013.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No,I________(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽卷)13.hadread。由語境可知，“看這本書”應(yīng)該是在“看電影”之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。hadread13.—Wereyousurprisedbythe8114.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________(do)forme.(北京卷)14.haddone。句中do的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生took之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。haddone14.Ittookmealongtimebef8215.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______(do)it.Wasityou?(湖南卷)15.haddone。根據(jù)句意可知，“有人給玫瑰剪枝”發(fā)生在“我去給玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。haddone15.Iwasjustgoingtocutmy8316.I’mtiredout.I____________(shop)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南卷)16.havebeenshopping。因?yàn)椤昂芾邸笔且驗(yàn)椤罢麄€(gè)下午一直在購物”導(dǎo)致的，又由don’tseem可知，現(xiàn)在仍在購物，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。havebeenshopping16.I’mtiredout.I_________8417.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI______________(cough)alotlately.(2010陜西卷)17.havebeencoughing。根據(jù)句中“不得不要去看醫(yī)生”這一信息可知，“咳嗽”這一現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)在還在持續(xù)，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。havebeencoughing17.Ihavetoseethedoctorb8518.Thiscoastalarea________(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(湖南卷)18.wasnamed。由于thiscoastalarea與name之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中的lastyear可知，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wasnamed18.Thiscoastalarea________8619.Linda,makesurethetables_______(set)beforetheguestsarrive.(2010全國卷II)19.areset。由于table(桌子)與set(擺，放置)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因?yàn)閙akesure后接從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。areset19.Linda,makesurethetable8720.Thepalacecaughtfiresthreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding________(remain)now.(2010重慶卷)20.remains。意思是說，由于三次失火，原來的建筑現(xiàn)在就沒有留下來了。remain=beleft被留下來。remains20.Thepalacecaughtfiresth8821.You’vefailedtodowhatyou____________(expect)toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.(四川卷)21.wereexpected。由expectsbtodosth(期待某人做某事)可知，you與expect為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；意思是指沒有做“過去安排好要做的事”，于是擔(dān)心受懲罰，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。wereexpected21.You’vefailedtodowhaty8922.Thencameanotherrider;theoldman32(catch)hiseyeandsaid,“Sir,wouldyouminddoingmeafavor?”(2010深圳一模)22.caught。由與之并列的謂語動(dòng)詞andsaid可知，catch也用一般過去時(shí)。caught22.Thencameanotherrider;t9023.Peoplesaythatasmilecan39(pass)fromonepersontoanother,butactsofkindnessfromstrangersareevenmoreso.(2010深圳一模)23.bepassed。因asmile與pass是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用原形。bepassed23.Peoplesaythatasmileca9124.Ithoughtforamoment,35(roll)downthewindow,andgesturedtotheman.(2010茂名一模)24.rolled。從后文的and可知，roll的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與thought和gestured一致，要用一般過去時(shí)。注意，由and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)先后發(fā)生的系列動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)一致。rolled24.Ithoughtforamoment,9225.Whenresearch35(assign),theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.(三模)25.isassigned。謂語動(dòng)詞，因research(研究工作)與assign(分配)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又根據(jù)前后時(shí)態(tài)(如expects)可知，此空應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。isassigned25.Whenresearch35(assi93語法填空時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)課件94一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe

____________(notlive)hereanymore.(全國I)2.Thismachine_______________(notwork).Ithasn’tworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they________________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全國Ⅱ)4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_____________(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)doesn’tlivedoesn’twork

willincreasewilllive一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。doesn’tli955.He__________(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)6.—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshe___________theChineseSociety.(寧夏)7.Teenagers____________(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重慶)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)playedjoinedaredamagingwastalking5.He__________(play)footbal969.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_____________(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)10.Bythistimetomorrow,I_____________(lie)onthebeach11.Sofarthisyearwe___________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)wouldnotsmokewillbelyinghaveseen9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe9712.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____________(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____________(know)eachotherforyears.(遼寧)hadstayedhadknown12.Thehotelwasn’tparticula9814.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He_____________________(prepare)foritformonths.(江蘇)15.Thetelephone________________(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.—Didyougototheshowlastnight?

—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_______________(invite).(陜西)hasbeenpreparingwasringingwasinvited14.—I’msureAndrewwillwin9917.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_______________(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________________(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽)isbeingtestedhavebeentaught17.—What’sthatnoise?isbein10019.Nodecision_______________(make)aboutanyfu