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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東特殊教育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.
Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.
Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.
Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.
Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.
Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.
1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans().
2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness().
3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness().
4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften().
5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.misfortune
B.instability
C.disadvantage
D.burden
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired
B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable
C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen
B.affectsmenandwomenalike
C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen
D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.practical
B.prejudiced
C.old-fashioned
D.radical
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive
B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive
C.todemandequalrightsforwomen
D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:1.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里,美貌可能成為一種。”but在這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,前面的內(nèi)容都是在講美貌所帶來(lái)的優(yōu)勢(shì),因此可以推斷,liability指的是不利條件。A選項(xiàng)misfortune“不幸,災(zāi)禍”;B選項(xiàng)instability“不穩(wěn)定”;C選項(xiàng)disadvantage“不利條件”;D選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān),責(zé)任”。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近,所以正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此,一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中具有優(yōu)勢(shì),但一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征?!庇纱丝梢酝茢?,傳統(tǒng)的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力,因?yàn)槲υ鰪?qiáng)了女性所需要的特質(zhì),選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“結(jié)果顯示,有吸引力的男性完全擊敗了沒(méi)有吸引力的男性,但最具有吸引力的女性總是得到最少的選票。”由此可知,當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí),吸引力對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)并不是一件好事,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”;B選項(xiàng)prejudiced“懷有偏見(jiàn)的”;C選項(xiàng)old-fashioned“過(guò)時(shí)的”;D選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的”。文章內(nèi)容首先介紹了人們對(duì)美的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知,然后介紹了人們認(rèn)為具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多來(lái)自運(yùn)氣,而不是能力;當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí),具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人們對(duì)于美的看法通常是帶有偏見(jiàn)的,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,文章第一段最后句就講到了美貌可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)不利因素,接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容也主要是圍繞這一話題展開(kāi),所以作者寫(xiě)本文的目的主要是討論吸引力帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
第2題:
第3題:
第4題:
第5題:
2.單選題
Theprisonerwas(
)ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.discharged
B.derived
C.deprived
D.dispatched
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)discharge“解雇、卸下”;B選項(xiàng)derive“源于、得自”;C選項(xiàng)deprive“剝奪”;D選項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣、分派”。deprivesb.ofsth.短語(yǔ)有“剝奪某人某物之意”,這里根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是prisoner“罪犯”,賓語(yǔ)是“civilliberty公民自由”,可知空格部分單詞意思為“剝奪”,并且是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),句意為:罪犯被剝奪三年公民自由權(quán)利。故正確答案選C。
3.單選題
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleareworriedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby(1)fromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackof
(2)
evidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthe
(3)
effectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,asystematicreview
(4)
byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,roundsup150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthe
(5)
ofhealthcare.Theseuses
(6)
threecategories:efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby
(7)
text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.Thestudy,
(8)
byVodafone,theworld'slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.
Usingtextingto
(9)
efficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several
(10)
carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders
(11)
thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments
(12)
33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswererolledoutnationally,thiswould
(13)
annualsavingsofabout256m-364m.
Textmessagesarealsobeingusedto
(14)
patientsaboutbloodtests,clinics,scansanddentalappointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehad
(15)
satisfyingresults―thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.
Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodisseminatepublic-healthinformation,
(16)
togroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationare
(17)
.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontroltuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalltoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5mchildrenagainstpolio.
Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineatthefighttime,ortoencourage
(18)
withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerallyanecdotal,however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichis
(19)
histeamalsopublishedthreepapersthisweekassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,written
(20)VictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhichdiabeticteenagers’treatmentwascarriedoutwithtextmessaging.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.radiation
B.ration
C.mediation
D.magnetism
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.incredible
B.credible
C.credulous
D.fabulous
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.beneficiary
B.profitable
C.beneficent
D.beneficial
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.werecarriedout
B.arecarriedout
C.carriedout
D.arebeingcarriedout
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.delivery
B.post
C.transportation
D.circulation
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.fallinto
B.falleninto
C.arefalleninto
D.fallinginto
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.incorporation
B.incorporated
C.incorporating
D.incorporate
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.paid
B.funded
C.made
D.given
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.stimulate
B.boost
C.correct
D.reduce
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.efforts
B.trying
C.trials
D.attempts
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.increases
B.improves
C.reduces
D.deduces
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.at
C.to
D.for
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.addup
B.accustomto
C.cometo
D.contributeto
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.reminding
B.remind
C.bereminded
D.reminder
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.fairly
B.considerably
C.comparatively
D.equally
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.largely
B.slightly
C.specially
D.particularly
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.available
B.unavailable
C.accessible
D.unaccessible
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.denial
B.refusal
C.compliance
D.complexity
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.why
B.because
C.when
D.how
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.inthecompanyof
B.incomparisonwith
C.incontrastwith
D.inconjunctionwith
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
第6題:A
第7題:C
第8題:B
第9題:B
第10題:C
第11題:C
第12題:A
第13題:C
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:D
第17題:B
第18題:C
第19題:A
第20題:D
【解析】(1)考查名詞辨析。radiation意為“輻射”;ration意為“配給量,定量”;mediation意為“調(diào)停,調(diào)解”;magnetism意為“磁性,磁力”。此處表示“來(lái)自手機(jī)與基站的輻射”,因此選A。
(2)考查形容詞辨析。incredible意為“不可思議的”;credible意為“可靠的,可信的”;credulous意為“輕信的,易受騙的”;fabulous意為“極好的,極妙的”。此處表示“盡管缺乏可靠的證據(jù)表明有任何傷害”,因此選B。
(3)考查形容詞辨析。beneficiary意為“受封的,臣服的”;profitable意為“有益的,有利可圖的”,主要指在金錢方面有利可圖的;beneficent意為“行善的,慈善的”;beneficial意為“有利的,有益的”,指對(duì)健康、身心或事業(yè)有益。此處表示“手機(jī)對(duì)健康的有益證據(jù)”,因此選D。
(4)考查分詞作定語(yǔ)。carryout意為“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行,進(jìn)行”,carryout是主語(yǔ)asystematicreview(系統(tǒng)性調(diào)查)的承受者,再根據(jù)空格后面的by,可知此處表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用carryout的過(guò)去分詞,因此選C。
(5)考查名詞辨析。delivery意為“傳送,遞送”;post意為“郵政,郵遞”;transportation意為“運(yùn)送,運(yùn)輸”;circulation意為“流通”。此處表示“提供醫(yī)療保健”,因此選A。
(6)考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)為Theseuses,賓語(yǔ)為threecategories,缺少謂語(yǔ),B、D選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞,是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故排除;此處表示“短信的用途分為三種”,不需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故排除C選項(xiàng),因此選A。
(7)考查介詞用法。incorporate意為“將……包括在內(nèi),包含”。空格前的by為介詞,介詞后面接動(dòng)名詞,因此選C。
(8)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pay意為“付款,支付”;fund意為“為……提供資金,撥款給”;make意為“做,制造”;give意為“給”。此處表示“這項(xiàng)研究由Vodafone資助”,因此選B。
(9)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stimulate意為“刺激”;boost意為“促進(jìn),提高”;correct意為“改正,糾正”;reduce意為“減少”。此處表示“使用短信提高效率”,因此選B。
(10)考查詞義辨析。effort意為“努力,嘗試”;trying意為“試圖,想要”;trial意為“(對(duì)能力、質(zhì)量、性能等的)試驗(yàn),測(cè)試”;attempt意為“企圖,試圖”。此處表示“在英國(guó)進(jìn)行的幾次測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)”,因此選C。
(11)考查動(dòng)詞辨析。increase意為“增加,增大”;improve意為“提高”;reduce意為“減少”;deduce意為“推論,推斷”。此處表示“減少26-39%的人錯(cuò)過(guò)與家庭醫(yī)生的預(yù)約”,因此選C。
(12)考查介詞辨析。此處的andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments3233-50%與前面的thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%為并列關(guān)系,因此也用by,表示相差的程度。
(13)考查詞組辨析。addup意為“相加,加起來(lái)”;accustomto意為“適應(yīng),習(xí)慣于”;cometo意為“涉及,共計(jì),蘇醒”;contributeto意為“幫助,貢獻(xiàn)”。此處表示“每年將節(jié)省共計(jì)約256萬(wàn)至364萬(wàn)英鎊”,因此選C。
(14)考查動(dòng)詞不定式。remind意為“提醒,使想起”,空格前面的to為不定式,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,因此選B。
(15)考查副詞辨析。fairly意為“適當(dāng),相當(dāng)?shù)亍?;considerably意為“相當(dāng),非?!?;comparatively意為“比較上,相對(duì)地”;equally意為“平等地,同樣地,相等地”。此處表示“在美國(guó)、挪威和瑞典的類似計(jì)劃,取得了令人同樣地滿意的結(jié)果”,因此選D。
(16)考查副詞辨析。largely意為“在很大程度上,主要地”;slightly意為“輕微地,輕輕地”;specially意為“特別地”,指事物特有的性質(zhì)、性格或?qū)iT的目的、用途;particularly意為“尤其,特別”,指與同類事物不同的個(gè)別事物。此處表示“尤其是傳播給那些其他方式難以接觸的人群”,因此選D。
(17)考查形容詞辨析。available意為“可獲得的”;unavailable意為“難以獲得的,不能利用的”;accessible意為“易接近的”;unaccessible意為“難以接近的”。此處表示“或者在沒(méi)有其他通信手段的發(fā)展中國(guó)家”,因此選B。
(18)考查名詞辨析。denial意為“否認(rèn),否定”;refusal意為“拒絕”;compliance意為“順從,遵從”;complexity意為“復(fù)雜性,難以理解的局勢(shì)”。此處表示“鼓勵(lì)患者遵守鍛煉計(jì)劃”,因此選C。
(19)考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處表示“這就是為什么”,因此選A。
(20)考查詞組辨析。inthecompanyof意為“在……的陪同下”;incomparisonwith意為“與……相比,與……比較而言”;incontrastwith意為“與……相比,對(duì)照”;inconjunctionwith意為“與……共同,連同,與……協(xié)力”。此處表示“VictoriaFranklin和StephenGreene共同完成”,因此選D。
4.單選題
Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.in
C.under
D.at
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他剛才說(shuō)的話和正在討論的問(wèn)題關(guān)系不大。
考查固定搭配。Underdiscussion在討論中。
5.單選題
ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOCEplusculturalinformation.
Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.
Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionaries,thereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.
Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.
1.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalones?
2.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause(
).
3.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat
(
).
4.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat,inapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionary,specialthoughtshouldbegivento
(
).
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone.
B.Thenewapproachtodefiningwords.
C.Theinclusionofculturalcontent.
D.Theincreaseinthenumberofentries.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.itsscopeofculturalentriesgoesbeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld
B.itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries
C.itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingpeople
D.itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.ithasawiderselectionofencyclopedicentries
B.itismainlydesignedtomeettheneedsofradiolisteners
C.itlaysmoreemphasisonlanguagethanonculture
D.itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thelanguagelevelsofitsusers
B.thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasers
C.thedifferenttastesofitsusers
D.thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.
B.Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.
C.TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.
D.Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段可知三本詞典都有不同于以往的特點(diǎn),即都增添了文化方而的內(nèi)容。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld(因此,牛津詞典比朗文同典更經(jīng)得起對(duì)文化偏見(jiàn)的嚴(yán)格審視,因?yàn)楹笳呖偸且杂⒄Z(yǔ)國(guó)家的視角來(lái)評(píng)判其他國(guó)家的文化現(xiàn)象)。因此,可以看出朗文字典只是從英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化觀點(diǎn)去審視其他國(guó)家的文化。故選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第六句指出:TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension(他們認(rèn)為的目標(biāo)使用者是經(jīng)常收聽(tīng)國(guó)際廣播的聽(tīng)眾,而他們通常具有一定的英語(yǔ)水平和較強(qiáng)的聽(tīng)力理解能力),因此選B“主要目的在于滿足廣播聽(tīng)眾的需要”。
4.判斷推理題。由文章最后一段可知,這三本字典會(huì)有各種各樣的讀者購(gòu)買,這些讀者的社會(huì)文化背景也會(huì)是各種各樣的,他們中一定有些人生活在世界觀與之相反甚至敵視的文化背景下。這些高級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)者不僅可以根據(jù)這本字典是否合用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)它,而且對(duì)各種社會(huì)文化詞條的內(nèi)容和準(zhǔn)確性都有自己的看法,也就是說(shuō)字典的編纂者要考慮到這些。故選D“用戶的不同文化背景”。
5.主旨大意題。文章指出英國(guó)BBC廣播公司字典、朗文當(dāng)代高級(jí)詞典、牛津高階英語(yǔ)詞典三大詞典都有新版本面市,都有不同于以往的特點(diǎn),即都增添了文化方而的內(nèi)容。但是三本字典的側(cè)重方面不同,用戶群體不一樣,各自增加新內(nèi)容的角度與方式也不相同。故A“新出版的三本英語(yǔ)字典處理社會(huì)文化內(nèi)容的不同的方法”比較能概括文章主旨。
6.案例題
InReadingPassageIthereareseveralsections.Choosethemostsuitableheading(I-IX)fromtheboxbelowwhichbestmatchestheSectionsA-G.
NOTE:Thesearemoreheadingsthansectionssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.Youmayuseanyoftheheadingsmorethanonce.
ListofHeadings
ⅠApositiveaspectofhacking
ⅡTougherpunishmentsforhackers
ⅢResponsetoInternetsecurity
ⅣGrowthoftheInternet
ⅤResponsibilitiesofmanagers
ⅥHackersVsadministrators
ⅦDifficultyofdetection
ⅧGovernmentagencies
ⅨCommonsecuritymeasure
Example:
ParagraphAAnswerIV
1.ParagraphB()
2.ParagraphC()
3.ParagraphD()
4.ParagraphE()
5.ParagraphF()
6.ParagraphG()
【答案】1.VI
2.III
3.Ⅸ
4.Ⅱ
5.I
6.Ⅶ
【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段,“the‘worm’wasintroducedontheInternettoinvade,attackandreplicateitselfonthenetwork.”,可知“蠕蟲(chóng)”病毒被引入互聯(lián)網(wǎng),在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上入侵、攻擊和復(fù)制自己,下文繼續(xù)提到了CERT小組來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)病毒的入侵??膳袛喑鯞段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客和管理者。選項(xiàng)VI符合題意。
2.根據(jù)文章第四段,“OneoftheproblemswithInternetsecurityisthefactthattheincidentsareincreasinginsophistication.”,可知本段主要討論的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問(wèn)題,緊接著下文提到了對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題一系列的回應(yīng)??膳袛喑鯟段的內(nèi)容為對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)III符合題意。
3.根據(jù)文章第五段,“Thethingtorememberwithsecurityisthatthesystemadministrationsmustgetitrightallthetime”,可知對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全問(wèn)題,系統(tǒng)管理人員必須保持準(zhǔn)確??膳袛喑鯠段對(duì)于安全問(wèn)題提出了常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。選項(xiàng)Ⅸ符合題意。
4.根據(jù)文章第六段,“TheninJuly2002,theHouseofrepresentativesapprovedtheCyberSecurityEnhancementAct.Nowifacybercrimeresultsinthedeathofanindividual,theoffendercouldfacealifesentence.”,可知在2002年7月,眾議院通過(guò)了《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全加強(qiáng)法案》?,F(xiàn)在,如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪導(dǎo)致個(gè)人死亡,犯罪者可能面臨終身監(jiān)禁。結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容,可判斷出E段的主要內(nèi)容為對(duì)黑客的懲罰。選項(xiàng)Ⅱ符合題意。
5.根據(jù)文章第七段,“someex-hackersusingtheirextensiveknowledgeandexperiencetojoinforceswithsecurityforcestoaidthefightagainstterrorism.”,可知一些前黑客利用他們廣泛的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)與安全部隊(duì)合作,協(xié)助打擊恐怖主義。可判斷出F段的主要內(nèi)容為黑客積極的一面。選項(xiàng)I符合題意。
6.根據(jù)文章第八段,“evenwiththeincreasedthethreatsofpunishment,computervirusesandincidentsofhackingcontinuetobewidespread.”,可知即使受到懲罰的強(qiáng)度增加,計(jì)算機(jī)病毒和黑客事件仍然普遍存在??膳袛喑鯣段作者想要表達(dá)的意思是對(duì)黑客事件檢測(cè)的困難性。選項(xiàng)Ⅶ符合題意。
7.單選題
Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.attention
B.focus
C.emphasis
D.word
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.attention注意B.focus關(guān)注
C.emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)D.word詞語(yǔ)
【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配
【解題思路】結(jié)合選項(xiàng)推測(cè),原句語(yǔ)義為“這個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐”,原文使用的表達(dá)為laidalotof____on。C選項(xiàng)emphasis“強(qiáng)調(diào)”符合搭配要求,其常用搭配為put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“強(qiáng)調(diào)/重視某事”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)attention“注意”,常用搭配為pay/draw/attractattentionto,不符合原句搭配;
B選項(xiàng)focus“關(guān)注”,常用搭配為thefocusof/onsth.,不符合原句搭配;
D選項(xiàng)word“詞語(yǔ)”,不用于原文搭配。
【句意】這個(gè)老師非常重視實(shí)踐。
8.單選題
GeothermalenergyisnaturalheatfromtheinterioroftheEarththatisconvertedtoheatbuildingsandgenerateelectricity.TheideaofharnessingEarth’sinternalheatisnotnew.Asearlyas1904,geothermalpowerwasusedinItaly.Today,Earth’snaturalinternalheatisbeingusedtogenerateelectricityin21countries,includingRussiaJapan,NewZealand,IcelandMexico,Ethiopia,GuatemalaElSalvador,thePhilippines,andtheUnitedStates.Totalworldwideproductionisapproaching9,000MW(equivalenttoninelargemodemcoalburningornuclearpowerplants)doubletheamountin1980.
Some40millionpeopletodayreceivetheirelectricityfromgeothermalenergyatacostcompetitivewiththatofotherenergysources.InELSalvador,geothermalenergyissupplying30%ofthetotalelectricenergyused.However,atthegloballevel,geothermalenergysupplieslessthan0.15%ofthetotalenergysupply.Geothermalenergymaybeconsideredanonrenewableenergysourcewhenratesofextractionaregreaterthanratesofnaturalreplenishment.HowevergeothermalenergyhasitsorigininthenaturalheatproductionwithinEarth,andonlyasmallfractionofthevasttotalresourcebaseisbeingutilizedtoday.Althoughmostgeothermalenergyproductioninvolvesthetappingofhighheatsources,peoplearealsousingthelow-temperaturegeothermalenergyofgroundwaterinsomeapplications.
TheaverageheatflowfromtheinterioroftheEarthisverylow,about0.06W/m2.Thisamountistrivialcomparedwiththe177W/m2
fromsolarheatatthesurfaceintheUnitedStates.However,insomeareas,heatflowissufficientlyhightobeusefulforproducingenergy.Forthemostpart,areasofhighheatflowareassociatedwithplatetectonicboundaries.Oceanicridgesystems(divergentplateboundaries)andareaswheremountainsarebeingupliftedandvolcanicislandarcsareforming(convergentplateboundaries)areareaswherethisnaturalheatflowisanomalouslyhigh.
Theenvironmentalimpactofgeothermalenergymaynotbeasextensiveasthatofothersourcesofenergy,butitcanbeconsiderable.Whengeothermalenergyisdevelopedataparticularsite,environmentalproblemsincludeon-sitenoise,emissionsofgas,anddisturbanceofthelandatdrillingsites,disposalsites,roadsandpipelines,andpowerplants.Developmentofgeothermalenergydoesnotrequirelarge-scaletransportationofrawmaterialsorrefiningofchemicals,asdevelopmentoffossilfuelsdoes.Furthermore,geothermalenergydoesnotproducetheatmosphericpollutantsassociatedwithburningfossilfuelsortheradioactivewasteassociatedwithnuclearenergy.However,geothermaldevelopmentoftendoesproduceconsiderablethermalpollutionfromhotwaste-waters,whichmaybesalineorhighlycorrosive,producingdisposalandtreatmentproblems.
1.Inparagraph1,theauthorintroducestheconceptofgeothermalenergyby(
).
2.Inparagraph2,theauthorstatesthatgeothermalenergyisconsideredanonrenewableresourcebecause(
).
3.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinPara.2(’’Althoughmostgeothermalenergyinsomeapplications"?
4.Inparagraph4,theauthormentionstheatmosphericpollutionandwasteproductsforfossilfuelandnuclearpower(
).
5.Whatistrueaboutgeothermalenergyproductionworldwide?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.describingthealternativesforgeneratingelectricpower
B.arguingthatthisenergysourcehasbeentriedunsuccessfully
C.comparingtheproductionwiththatofotherenergysources
D.explainingthehistoryofthisenergysourceworldwide
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.theproductionofgeothermalenergyisanaturalprocess
B.geothermalenergycomesfromtheEarth
C.wecouldusemoregeothermalenergythanisnaturallyreplaced
D.wearenotusingverymuchgeothermalenergynow
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Highheatisthesourceofmostofthegeothermalenergybutlowheatgroundwaterisalsousedsometimes.
B.Eventhoughlowtemperaturesarepossible,highheatisthebestresourceforenergy-productionforgroundwater.
C.Bothhighheatandlowheatsourcesareusedfortheproductionofgeothermalenergyfromgroundwater.
D.Mosthighheatsourcesforgeothermalenergyaretappedfromapplicationsthatinvolvelowheatingroundwater.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.tointroducethediscussionofpollutioncausedbygeothermalenergydevelopmentandproduction
B.tocontrastpollutioncausedbyfossilfuelsandnuclearpowerwithpollutioncausedbygeothermalenergy
C.toarguethatgeothermalproductiondoesnotcausepollutionlikeothersourcesofenergydo
D.todiscouragetheuseofrawmaterialsandchemicalsintheproductionofenergybecauseofpollution
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseitisanewidea,veryfewcountriesaredevelopinggeothermalenergysources
B.OnlycountriesintheSouthernHemisphereareusinggeothermalenergyonalargescale.
C.Untilthecostofgeothermalenergybecomescompetitive,itwillnotbeusedglobally
D.Geothermalenergyisalreadybeingusedinanumberofnations,butitisnotyetamajorsourceofpower.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一句話‘GeothermalenergyisnaturalheatfromtheinterioroftheEarththatisconvertedtoheatbuildingsandgenerateelectricity.地?zé)崮苁莵?lái)自地球內(nèi)部的自然熱能,可轉(zhuǎn)化為建筑物的熱能和電能。’確定A選項(xiàng)‘describingthealternativesforgeneratingelectricpower描述發(fā)電的替代方案‘正確。
2.第二段第四句說(shuō)到“Geothermalenergymaybeconsideredanonrenewableenergysourcewhenratesofextractionaregreaterthanratesofnaturalreplenishment”,此句中已經(jīng)說(shuō)到原因“開(kāi)采率大于自然補(bǔ)給率”,因此C選項(xiàng)“我們使用的地?zé)崮鼙茸匀惶娲牡責(zé)崮芤唷笔窃?。C選項(xiàng)正確。
3."Althoughmostgeothermalenergyproductioninvolvesthetappingofhighhearsources,peoplearealsousingthelow-temperaturegeothermalenemyofgroundwaterinsomeapplications.雖然大多數(shù)地?zé)崮艿纳a(chǎn)都涉及到高熱資源的開(kāi)采,但人們也在一些應(yīng)用中使用了地下水的低溫地?zé)崮茉??!北揪渲攸c(diǎn)在于主句部分“人們也會(huì)使用低溫地?zé)崮茉础保易尣綘钫Z(yǔ)部分告訴我們,大部分對(duì)于地?zé)岬氖褂檬鞘褂盟邷啬茉?,因此A選項(xiàng)“高溫能源是大部分地?zé)崮艿膩?lái)源,但是低溫能源有時(shí)也會(huì)為人們所用”符合題意。正確答案為A。
4.根據(jù)第四段第一句“Theenvironmentalimpactofgeothermalenergymaynotbeasextensiveasthatofothersourcesofenergy,butitcanbeconsiderable”可知本段重點(diǎn)再講地?zé)崮荛_(kāi)采對(duì)壞境帶來(lái)的影響,并且在下文中說(shuō)到了燃燒化石燃料及核能會(huì)產(chǎn)生其他的污染,旨在對(duì)比地?zé)崮芘c其他能源使用產(chǎn)生的污染情況。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.A選項(xiàng)‘由于是新能源,只有少部分國(guó)家在發(fā)展此能源‘和C選項(xiàng)‘在地?zé)崮艿膬r(jià)格具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力之前,不會(huì)被廣泛使用’項(xiàng)是一個(gè)意思。B選項(xiàng)‘只有南半球的國(guó)家在大規(guī)模使用地?zé)崮堋谖恼轮胁⑽刺岬?。因此,A,B,C選項(xiàng)皆可排除。正確答案為D。
9.單選題
Sincethe1980s,increasingly(
)toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.predictable
B.disguised
C.ornamental
D.sophisticated
【答案】D
【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測(cè)的;disguised偽裝的;ornamental裝飾的;sophisticated高級(jí)的,復(fù)雜的。句意:20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),越來(lái)越高級(jí)的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營(yíng)銷和推廣成為可能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
10.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.
【答案】在美國(guó),房屋隨著社會(huì)習(xí)俗的改變而改變。起初,美國(guó)的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來(lái)的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料,木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近,不同的地區(qū)發(fā)展出了適合當(dāng)?shù)貤l件的房屋建造方法;例如,布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開(kāi)的屋檐,是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外,隨著美國(guó)人的生活方式越來(lái)越不同于歐洲人,住宅的規(guī)劃也開(kāi)始改變。住宅不那么正式,房間相互融合,為一般家庭生活提供了更多的空間,特殊用途的空間也變少了。
11.翻譯題
B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish.(3x5)
1.我們既要綠水青山,也要金山銀山。寧要綠水青山,不要金山銀山。我們絕不能以犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境為代價(jià)換取經(jīng)濟(jì)的一時(shí)發(fā)展。
2.國(guó)際社會(huì)也期待中美關(guān)系能夠不斷改善和發(fā)展。中美兩國(guó)合作好了,就可以做世界穩(wěn)定的壓艙石、世界和平的助推器。
3.我們相聚在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)版圖持續(xù)變化和全球增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力大轉(zhuǎn)型的重要時(shí)刻。這一轉(zhuǎn)變帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)和不確定性,同時(shí)也蘊(yùn)含機(jī)遇。
【答案】1.Wewantclearwaterandgreenmountains,andwealsowantprosperityandwealth.Wewanttheformerratherthanthelatter....wemustneversacrificetheecologicalenvironmentforthetemporaryeconomicdevelopment.
2.Theint
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