考研考博-英語-山東勞動職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東勞動職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問題1選項

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計劃等）失敗”；B選項absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C選項abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長的時間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻給了這個理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

2.單選題

Animalsthatcouldnot

themselvestothechangedenvironmentperishedandthosethatcouldsurvived.

問題1選項

A.conform

B.adapt

C.modify

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。conform“使遵守，使一致”；adapt“適應(yīng)”；modify“修改”；conform“符合，遵照”。句意：不能適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的動物滅絕了，而那些能適應(yīng)的存活了下來。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneis,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe“meeting”influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.

Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,“InsightintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging”，twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the“talkers”andthelexters”一thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.

Theyfoundthatthemobilephone’sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.

Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe“speakeasy”：theheadisheldhigh,inaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe“spacemaker”：thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcamera-phonesintrudeonpeople’sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（

）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（

）.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,isafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile（

）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

問題2選項

A.TALKERS

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker*'

D.texters

問題3選項

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptable

D.shockingtoothers

問題4選項

A.talkers

B.thespeakeasy

C.the‘spacemaker,

D.texters

問題5選項

A.TheSMSeffect

B.Culturalimplicationofmobileuse

C.Changeintheuseofthemobile

D.Bodylanguageandthemobilephone

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第四段:Itisnolonger’'seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare。說明現(xiàn)在人們可以隨時約定約會時間，而不用拘泥于一個固定的時間,所以B項正確。

2.推斷題。第六段:'Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell(這表明，發(fā)短信允許短信者出現(xiàn)不同于平日展現(xiàn)在熟人面前的的自我形象)。因此D項(社會和心理變化主要體現(xiàn)在愛發(fā)短信的人身上)正確。

3.推斷題。B項文中沒有提及。第六段:Texterswerelikelytoreport

thattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts(發(fā)短信的人可能會報告說，如果家人閱讀短信，他們會很驚訝),而非C選項說的無法接受。由此判斷D選項也是錯誤的。

4.細節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段:Andthereisthespacemaker,:thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(spacemaker不喜歡打電話時被旁人聽見)。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了手機對人類文化的改變。

4.單選題

Allthecharacteristicsandabilitiesapersonacquiresandalldevelopmentalchangesresultfromtwobasic.Thoughcomplexprocesses:learningandmaturation.Sincethetwoprocessesalmostalwaysinteract,itisdifficulttoseparatetheireffectsfromeachotherortospecifytherelativecontributionofeachtoachild'sdevelopment.Clearly,growthinheightisnotlearnedbutdependsonmaturation,abiologicalprocess.Butimprovementsinmotoractivitiessuchaswalkingdependonmaturationandlearning,andtheinteractionbetweenthem.

What,then,arematurationandlearning?Alldefinitionsofmaturationstressorganicprocessesorstructuralchangesoccurringwithinanindividual'sbodythatarerelativelyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions,experiences,orpractice.Bymaturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.

Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.Learningistheprocessbywhichanactivityoriginatesorischangedthroughtrainingproceduresasdistinguishedfromchangesnotattributabletotraining.

Anumberofimportantandstimulatingtheoriesoflearninghavebeenproposed,eachwithitsownsetofprinciplesandhypothesesforexplainingthelearningprocess.Forourpurposes,wedonotneedtobeconcernedwiththespecificdetailsofthelearningprocess,eventhoughlearningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.Weshallemployonlyafewgenerallyacceptedprinciplesoflearninginthisdiscussion.

Specifically,weaccepttheprinciplethatachildwilllearnaresponsemoreeffectivelyandmorethoroughlyifheismotivatedtolearnit.Moreover,hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.Accordingtothisview,themorearesponseisrewarded,thestrongeritbecomesandthemorelikelyitistoberepeated.Althoughmostlearninginvolvesmotivationandreward.Ibelievesomelearningdoesoccurwithoutthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,learning（）.

2.Achild'sdevelopmentdependson（）.

3.Intheauthor'sopinion（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,maturationmeans（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofparagraph4suggeststhat（）.

6.Thephrase“thisview”referstotheviewthat（）.

7.Thebesttitleforthepassagesis（）.

問題1選項

A.isacomplexprocess

B.isindependentofmaturation.

C.isindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions

D.referstochangesinbehaviororperformance.

問題2選項

A.learningprocess

B.maturationprocess

C.theinteractionsbetweenthetwoprocess

D.neitherofthetwoprocesses

問題3選項

A.learningplaysaveryimportantroleinmostaspectsofachild'sdevelopmentandchange

B.therearehardlyanyprinciplesoflearningwhicharegenerallyaccepted

C.achildneverlearnsanythingunlesshehassomeneedordesireforit

D.achildshouldnotberewardeduntilhehaslearnedaresponse

問題4選項

A.beingsophisticatedmentallyandsocially

B.developmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftimeorage

C.beingfullygrowninheightandmentality

D.freedomofadultcaringindailylife

問題5選項

A.someproposedprinciplesoflearningmayhavenotbeenacceptedgenerally

B.principlesoflearningarebeingproposedeveryday

C.onlyafewprinciplesoflearningaregenerallyaccepted

D.mostoftheprinciplesoflearningarenotgenerallyaccepted

問題6選項

A.achildlearnsandmaturesfast.

B.achildwilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewarded

C.achildlearnsslowlyifheisinabadmood.

D.achildlearnsaresponse

問題7選項

A.AChild'sDevelopment

B.LearningandResponse

C.MotivationinRelationtoLearning

D.MaturationandLearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Learninggenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.”可知,選項D與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第一段的二三句可知,學(xué)習(xí)和成熟這兩個過程幾乎總是相互作用的,因此很難將它們的影響彼此分開,也很難指定它們對兒童發(fā)展的相對貢獻。所以選項C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“l(fā)earningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.”可知,選項A與原文描述一致,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“maturationitismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.”可知,選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段最后一句話：在這次討論中,我們將只采用幾個普遍接受的學(xué)習(xí)原則。由此可推斷,還有部分原則沒有被公眾所接受,選項A符合原文。

6.根據(jù)原文可知,“thisview”指的是上文提出的觀點“hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.”如果他能得到學(xué)習(xí)的獎勵,他就能更好地學(xué)習(xí)反應(yīng)。選項B符合原文。

7.本文主要是圍繞“學(xué)習(xí)和成熟”這兩個關(guān)鍵詞展開討論的,所以選項D最能概括全文。

5.翻譯題

NickYoung創(chuàng)立了該刊物，并編輯英文版本，他說，上周多位北京警方和地方統(tǒng)計局的官員告知他該刊物進行了“未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的調(diào)查”，因此被認為違反了有關(guān)收集統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的1983年法律。楊先生說，在該刊物發(fā)行的十幾年中，當(dāng)局并未提供頒布此法令的明確原因。1.他說該刊物并未進行任何投票或調(diào)查，該法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止幾乎任何需要與當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娊佑|的信息收集。關(guān)閉該刊物的決定可能反映了中國對近幾年增加的地方和國外資助民間團體的關(guān)注持續(xù)增加。2.某些民間團體已經(jīng)降低了中國百姓維護合法權(quán)利的門檻，某些中國官員認為這些團體會導(dǎo)致社會的不安定。如果這些團體受政府資助而且不從事公開的政治活動，那么中國中央政府通常能夠忍受。一些官員表示那些團體能夠極大地幫助監(jiān)測和抵制虐工等違法的行為。

3.《中國發(fā)展簡報》無權(quán)在中國出版，雇員也未注冊為新聞記者，這就意味著該刊物未在更大出版社的允許下已經(jīng)存在較長時間。但楊先生說，當(dāng)局已經(jīng)監(jiān)視他的事務(wù)多年，他相信他們理解向國外扶助機構(gòu)提供客觀信息符合中國利益。

【答案】1.Hesaidthatthenewsletterdidnotconductpollsorsurveysandthattheorderwasvagueenoughtoprohibitalmostanykindofinformationgatheringthatrequiredinteractionwithlocalcitizens.

2.SomecivicgroupshavehelpedpeopleonthelowerrungsofChinesesocietydefendtheirlegalrights,andsomeChineseofficialscontendthatthegroupshavecontributedtoasurgeinsocialunrest.

3.ChinaDevelopmentBriefhadnolicensetopublishinChina,anditsemployeeswerenotregisteredasnewscorrespondents,meaningthenewsletterhadlongoperatedwithoutthepermitsrequiredoflargerpublications.

6.單選題

Gender-basedviolenceencompassesawiderangeofhumanrightsviolations,includingsexualabuseofchildren,rape,domesticviolence,sexualassaultandharassment,traffickingofwomenandgirlsandseveralharmfultraditionalpractices.

問題1選項

A.battering

B.trading

C.venerating

D.craving

【答案】B

【解析】句意：基于性別的暴力包括廣泛的侵犯人權(quán)行為，包括對兒童的性虐待、強奸、家庭暴力、性侵犯和騷擾、……婦女和女童以及若干有害的傳統(tǒng)做法。A選項battering“重創(chuàng)；連續(xù)打擊”；B選項trading“交易；貿(mào)易”；C選項venerating“崇敬；尊敬”；D選項craving“渴望；熱望”。因為句中所列問題都屬于侵犯人權(quán)行為，因此B選項“販賣婦女”符合句意。

7.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，D項autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨立）可知，對應(yīng)D項符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項。

8.單選題

Whenseeninthislight,thelanguagethesereportersuseismorecomplexthanit_____.

問題1選項

A.needs

B.needsto

C.needstobe

D.needstobeso

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.needs需要B.needsto需要

C.needstobe需要D.needstobeso需要這樣

【考查點】比較級than的用法。

【解題思路】在than的比較狀語從句中，與主句相同部分可以省略，而不同部分需要寫出；在這個句子中主句是thelanguageismorecomplex（語言更加復(fù)雜），與從句共同的部分是morecomplex，所以從句需要把主謂寫出來，即itneedstobe。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、B選項不符合語法；

D選項不需要加副詞so。

【句意】從這個角度看，這些記者使用的語言比需要的更加復(fù)雜。

9.單選題

Beforethedisastrousearthquaketherewas（）chaos.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.ominous

C.suspending

D.imminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項massive“巨大的，大量的”；B選項ominous“預(yù)兆的，不吉利的”；C選項suspending“暫停，延緩”；D選項imminent“即將發(fā)生的，臨近的”，句意：在災(zāi)難性的地震發(fā)生之前，發(fā)生了大規(guī)模的混亂。結(jié)合句意，只有A選項符合。

10.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問題1選項

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期望的在社會學(xué)領(lǐng)域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

11.單選題

Relyingonhis（）,thedoctorcuredtheseeminglyincurablepatient.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.faith

C.expertise

D.confidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approach“方法，方式”；B選項faith“信仰，信念”；C選項expertise“專業(yè)知識，專門技術(shù)”；D選項confidence“自信，信任”，句意：醫(yī)生依靠他的專業(yè)知識治好了這個看似無法治愈的病人。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.

問題1選項

A.talking

B.speaking

C.addressing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項talk“說，談話”；B選項speak“講話，發(fā)言”；C選項address“演講，致詞”；D選項discuss“討論”，四個選項意思相近，但是talk強調(diào)動作雙方溝通，speak側(cè)重單方的講話，address指在某活動或者工作中的發(fā)言，句意為：當(dāng)你作為高管向一群經(jīng)理演講時，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指導(dǎo)方針很有幫助。故選項C更符合題意。

13.問答題

ThequestionIamaskedmostoftennowadaysisthis:arewebackto2008andanotherglobal

A

financialcrisisandrecession?Myanswerisastraightforwardno,butthattherecentepisodeof

B

C

globalfinancialmarketturmoilisliketobemoreseriousthananyperiodofvolatilityandrisk-off

D

behaviorsince2009.

【答案】試題答案：D;likely

【解析】考查固定搭配。belikelyto意為“可能”。

14.單選題

Thisisaverybighotelanditcan（）morethan1,000people.

問題1選項

A.furnish

B.accommodate

C.transport

D.institute

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。furnish“提供，供應(yīng)”；accommodate“容納，使適應(yīng)”；transport“運輸”；institute“實行，建立”。句意：這是一個很大的酒店，能夠容納1000多人。只有B項符合句意。

15.填空題

AsianAmericanchildrenofhighschoolagegenerallyoutscoreotherstudentsontheScholastic

A

AptitudeTest.Theymakeupadisproportionatelargesegmentofstudentbodiesinthemostprominent

B

C

D

collegesanduniversities.

【答案】Cdisproportionate改為disproportionately

【解析】【考查點】副詞。

【解題思路】large為形容詞，應(yīng)該用副詞修飾，所以用disproportionately正確。

【句意】亞裔美國高中生在學(xué)業(yè)能力傾向測試中的得分普遍高于其他學(xué)生。在最著名的學(xué)院和大學(xué)里，他們在學(xué)生群體中所占比例相當(dāng)大。

16.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthestudentcomplete（

）researchbeforewritingthetermpaper.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.expansive

C.expensive

D.exhaustive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:老師建議學(xué)生們在寫學(xué)期論文前完成詳盡的研究。

考查形容詞辨析。Intensive密集的,徹底的;expansive廣闊的,擴張的;expensive昂貴的;exhaustive詳盡的,徹底的,全面的。故D符合句意。

17.單選題

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride（

）toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

問題1選項

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非謂語動詞辨析題。首先，pride與in搭配，表示“以……為自豪”，而介詞in之后應(yīng)用動詞的ing形式，且這里強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的分詞形式，A選項正確。

18.單選題

Tobeginto（）thepollutioncausingclimatechange,citiesaroundtheworldneedtobemademoreefficient,adoptingmeasuresrangingfromreducingtheenergycostsofsanitationtoconstructingbuildingsthatwastelessenergy.

問題1選項

A.mitigate

B.migrate

C.magnify

D.militate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Mitigate“使緩和，減輕”；migrate“移居，移植”；magnify“放大，夸大”；militate“有影響，產(chǎn)生作用”。句意：要開始緩和氣候變化帶來的污染，全世界的城市都要提高效率，采取一系列措施，從降低衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的能源成本到建設(shè)能源節(jié)約型建筑。選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Methodsfortypingbloodweredevelopedaroundtheturnofthecentury,aboutthesametimethatfingerprintswerefirstusedforidentification.Onlyinthelastdecadeortwo,however,havescientistsbeguntobelievethatgeneticmarkersinbloodandotherbodilyfluidsmaysomedayproveasusefulincrimedetectionasfingerprints.

ThestandardABObloodtypinghaslongbeenusedasaformofnegativeidentification.Addedsophisticationcamewiththediscoveryofadditionalsubgroupsofgeneticmarkersinbloodandwiththediscoverythatgeneticmarkersarepresentnotonlyinbloodbutalsoinotherbodilyfluids,suchasperspirationandsaliva（口水）.

Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork.Ratherthanaplentifulsampleofbloodfreshlydrawnfromapatient,thecrimelaboratoryislikelytoreceiveonlyatinyfleckofdriedbloodofunknownagefromanunknown“donor”onashirtorascrapofragthathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants.

Britishscientistsfoundamethodforidentifyinggeneticmarkersmorepreciselyinsmallsamples.Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed.D.Atrainedanalystreadstheresultingpatternsinthegeltodeterminethepresenceofvariouschemicalmarkers.

Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore.However,theequipmentandspecialtrainingrequiredwereexpensive.Inaddition,theprocesscouldleadtothedestructionofevidence.Forexample,repeatedtestsofablood-fleckedshirt-oneforeachmarker-ledtoincreasingdeteriorationoftheevidenceandthecostofaweekormoreoflaboratorytime.

ItremainedforanotherBritishresearcher,BrianWrexall,todemonstratethatsimultaneousanalyses,usinganinexpensiveelectrophoresisapparatus(電冰器)，couldtestfortendifferentgeneticmarkerswithina24-hourperiod.D.Thisdevelopmentmadethestudyofbloodandotherfluidsamplesanevenmorevaluabletoolforcrimedetection.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatelectrophoresisresemblesfingerprintinginthatboth______.

3.Theauthorputtheword“donor’’(Para.A.3)intoquotationmarksinorderto.

4.Thepassagecontainsinformationthatwouldanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions:

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingmayreducetheusefulnessofafluidsampleforcrimedetectionEXCEPT______.

6.Thepassageimpliesthatelectrophoresismayhelpscientistsdetermine.

問題1選項

A.howadvancesincrimedetectionmethodshaveledtonewdiscoveriesinscience

B.variouswaysinwhichcrimedetectionlaboratoriesassistthepolice

C.thedevelopmentofnewscientifictoolsforuseincrimedetection

D.areasofcurrentresearchinthescienceofcrimedetection

問題2選項

A.provideaformofnegativeidentificationincrimedetection

B.werefirstdevelopedbyBritishscientists

C.maybeusedtohelpidentifythosewhowerepresentatthetimeofacrime

D.weredevelopedbyscientistsataroundthesametime

問題3選項

A.emphasizethatmostofthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriescomefromanonymoussources

B.underscorethecontrastbetweentheworkdoneinacrimelaboratoryandthatdoneinabloodbank

C.callattentiontothefactthat,becauseofundemanding,crimelaboratoriesareforcedtorelyoncharitablecontributions

D.indicatethatthebloodsamplesreceivedbycrimelaboratoriesarenotgivenfreely

問題4選項

A.Isevidenceofgeneticmarkersinbodilyfluidsadmissibleincourt

B.Canelectrophoresisbeusedtoidentifygeneticmarkersinsaliva

C.Howmanysubgroupsofbloodtypesarecurrentlyidentifiable

D.Howaccurateistheprocessofelectrophoresis

問題5選項

A.thepassageoftime

B.discolorationorstaining

C.exposuretoheat

D.thesmallsizeofthesample

問題6選項

A.whetherornotasampleofbloodcouldhavecomefromaparticularperson

B.theageandconditionofadriedspecimenofbloodorotherbodilyfluid

C.whenandwhereacrimewasprobablycommitted

D.thecauseofdeathinhomicidecases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出血型分析、指紋以及遺傳標(biāo)記都可以在犯罪偵查中起作用；第二段提出遺傳標(biāo)記不僅僅存在于血液中，還存在于像汗液和唾液這類的體液中；第三段講述了以上這些發(fā)現(xiàn)在犯罪偵查方面用處不大的原因；第四段講述了英國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種在小樣本中更精確識別基因標(biāo)記的方法，這個過程叫作做電泳；第五段講述了電泳技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點；第六段提到以為英國研究員的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得血液和其他液體樣本的研究成為犯罪檢測的工具。由此可知本文主要講述的是新的科學(xué)工具用于犯罪偵查，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章中并沒有提及指紋是由誰最先提出的，因此選項B可以排除；根據(jù)文章第二段第一句話可知negativeidentification是ABObloodtyping，因此選項A可以排除；文章并沒有提及電泳的時間，因此選項D可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第三段主要講述了為什么指紋、血型分析這些不能在犯罪偵查中發(fā)揮作用，是因為警察科學(xué)家工作的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的（Thesediscoverieswereoflittleuseincrimedetection,however,becauseofthecircumstancesinwhichpolicescientistsmustwork）。他們沒有新鮮的血液來分析，有的只是從一個不知名的“捐贈者”那里得到的一小塊干血斑，由此可知警察科學(xué)家所需要的樣本不是免費的，選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容Inthisprocess,calledelectrophoresis,asampleisplacedonatraycontainingagelthroughwhichanelectricalcurrentisthenpassed可知選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后…thathasspenthoursordaysexposedtoair,hightemperature,andothercontaminants可知選項A、B、C都會影響樣本，因此選項D符合題意。

6.推理判斷題。文章第五段提到電泳技術(shù)使鑒定幾千種血型成為可能（Electrophoresismadeitpossibletoidentifyseveralthousandsubgroupsofbloodtypesratherthanthetwelveknownbefore），意味著可能鑒別出樣本來自于誰，因此選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

WhileitmaybedebatablewhetherSuezmarkedtheendofBritain’simperialera,itundoubtedlyblewawaythe（）ofcoequalityintheAnglo-Americanpartnership.

問題1選項

A.mirage

B.disillusion

C.conjuration

D.deception

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。mirage“幻想，妄想”；disillusion“幻滅，醒悟”；conjuration“祈禱，咒語”；deception“欺騙，欺詐”。句意：盡管蘇伊士運河是否標(biāo)志著英國帝國主義的結(jié)束存在爭議，但是毫無疑問它吹走了英美伙伴關(guān)系中平等的幻想。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

問題1選項

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tobuybasicfooditems購買基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood購買基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems購買基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood購買基本食品

【答案】C

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】fooditems是常見搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D項；recommend可以和todo搭配，也可以與doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommendsb.todosth.表示“建議某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommenddoingsth.表示“建議做某事”，所以此處選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；

B、D項不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭經(jīng)濟學(xué)家建議大量購買基本食品。

22.單選題

Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.

問題1選項

A.alleviate

B.diagnose

C.assess

D.manipulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項diagnose“診斷；斷定；判斷”；C選項assess“評定；估價；對……征稅”；D選項manipulate“操縱；操作；巧妙地處理；篡改”。句意：健康有助于緩解抑郁跡象，如優(yōu)柔寡斷和對日常活動缺乏熱情。因此A選項正確。

23.單選題

Althoughthenumberofreportedvolcaniceruptionshasrisenexponentiallysince1850,thisindicatesnotincreasingvolcanicactivitybutrathermorewidespreadand______recordkeeping.

問題1選項

A.systematic

B.erratic

C.superficial

D.abating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項systematic“系統(tǒng)的，體系的”，B項erratic“不穩(wěn)定的，古怪的”，C項superficial“表面的，膚淺的”，D項abating是abate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“使減少，使緩和”。空格處需要填入一個和widespread并列的形容詞，D項可排除；根據(jù)recordkeeping（記錄保存），結(jié)合其他三個選項的意思可知，只有A項是符合語境的。句意：雖然自1850年以來，報告的火山爆發(fā)次數(shù)呈指數(shù)級增長，但這并不表示是火山活動的增加，而是更廣泛和更系統(tǒng)的記錄保存。因此，該題選擇A項。

24.單選題

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

問題2選項

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralner