考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津?yàn)I海汽車(chē)工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津?yàn)I海汽車(chē)工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（當(dāng)我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，我們的外表和我們對(duì)別人的表現(xiàn)可能比我們生命中的任何時(shí)候都更讓我們擔(dān)心）排除A、B選項(xiàng)；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿(mǎn)足于接受我們自己的現(xiàn)狀，很少有足夠的勇氣來(lái)忽略時(shí)尚的趨勢(shì)）可知C選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有忽視時(shí)尚的東西”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告把時(shí)尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成時(shí)尚變化的原因是有很多種，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某種原因，你可以用你喜歡的方式來(lái)裝束，也可以用你喜歡的方式，或者用你喜歡的方式對(duì)待你的頭發(fā)，而不是你所應(yīng)該的方式，因?yàn)樗菚r(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會(huì)更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，因此選D。

第5題:主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）以及后面作者的舉例，可知在正式場(chǎng)合下需要注意著裝，因此選A。

2.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項(xiàng)bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國(guó)家的同類(lèi)銀行相比，國(guó)家銀行一直非常強(qiáng)大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對(duì)國(guó)家銀行體系的控制沒(méi)有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動(dòng)在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指國(guó)家銀行沒(méi)有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動(dòng)上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.power

C.vigor

D.expansion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍；幅度；山脈”；B選項(xiàng)power“力量；電力”；C選項(xiàng)vigor“活力；精力”；D選項(xiàng)expansion“膨脹”。句意：英語(yǔ)的……是如此之廣，以至于3.45億人將英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言，另外還有4億人將英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言。由關(guān)鍵信息sowide“如此廣泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45億人將英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成第一語(yǔ)言使用”，可知本句是在講英語(yǔ)的普及范圍廣。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論你到哪里，都能看到這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是see，橫線(xiàn)部分是賓語(yǔ)product的賓補(bǔ)，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)advertised符合題意。A選項(xiàng)advertise是動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Imagineyoufoundoutthatideasinventedbyacomputerwereratedhigherbyindependentexpertsthanideascreatedbyagroupofhumansaskedtoperformthesametask.Wouldyoupraisethedesignerofthe“creativecomputer”foragreatachievementorwouldyouquestionwhyhumantalent—usuallysopotentincopingwithcomplexcognitivechallenges——createdsuchpoorideasormaybeyouwouldquestionyourviewofthenotionofcreativity.Infact,suchascenariowasplayedoutwhenweusedasimplecomputerizedroutinetogenerateideasandcomparedthemwithideasinventedbyhumansubjects.Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?

Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol.Althoughthereisageneralagreementregardingthedistinctivenatureofthecreativeproduct（idea,painting,poem,andsoon）,thereisacontroversyoverthenatureofthecreativeprocess.Someresearchersholdthatthecreativethinkingprocessisqualitativelydifferentfrom“ordinary”day-to-daythinkingandinvolvesaleapthatcannotbeformulated,analyzed,orreconstructed——thecreativespark.Othersadoptareductionistviewthatcreativeproductsaretheoutcomeofordinarythinking,onlyquantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking.

Becausecreativeideasaredifferentfromthosethatnormallyarise,peopleoftenbelievethatsuchideasrequireconditionsdramaticallydifferentfromtheusual.Thenotiongoesthat,inordertoovercomementalbarriersandreachcreativeideas,totalfreedomisnecessary—nodirectionalguidance,constraints,criticismfromaninfinitespaceduringthecreativityprocess.Thisviewpromptedtheemergenceofvariousidea-generatingmethods:brainstorming,synectics（共同研究法），lateralthinking（水平思考，橫向思維），randomstimulation,andsoon,allofwhichconsistofwithholdingjudgmentandrelyingonanalogiesfromothernumbersinthegroupofonrandomlyselectedanalogies.Thisfamilyofmethodsreliesontheassumptionthatenhancingrandomness,breakingrulesandparadigms,andgeneratinganarchyofthoughtincreasetheprobabilityofcreativeideaemergence.

Dothesemethodswork?Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot.Ideassuggestedbyindividualsworkingalonearesuperiortoideassuggestedinbrainstormingsessionsandtheperformanceofproblemsolversinstructedto''breaktherules,getoutofthesquare,andchangeparadigms”wasnotbetterthanthatofindividualswhowerenotgivenanyinstructionsatall.

Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask.Reitmanobservedthatmanyproblemsthatlackastructuringframeworkareill-definedinthattherepresentationofoneormoreofthebasiccomponents——theinitialstate,theoperatorsandconstraintsandthegoal-areseriouslyincomplete，andthesearchspaceisexceedinglylarge.Indeed,manyill—definedproblemsseemdifficult，notbecauseweareswampedbytheenormousnumberofalternativepossibilities,butbecausewehavetroublethinkingevenofoneideaworthpursuing.

1.Ideasinventedbyacomputerare（）.

2.Theauthorthinksthatcreativethinkingis（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）theprobabilityofcreativeideasemergence.

4.Itisbelievedthat（）tendstoimprovecreativeoutcomes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notnecessarysuperiortohumanideas

B.undoubtedlysuperiortohumanideas

C.scarcelysuperiortohumanideas

D.generallyinventedbyhumansubjectmuchearlier

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.superiortoeverydaythinking

B.quantitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

C.qualitativelydifferentfromeverydaythinking

D.beyondformalizationandanalysis

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.synecticstendtoincrease

B.totalfreedominthinkingwillincrease

C.brainstormingmightdecrease

D.breakingrulesandparadigmsincreases.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingthestructuringframework

B.breakingrulesandparadigms

C.followingnodirectionalguidance

D.adoptingareductionistview.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“計(jì)算機(jī)創(chuàng)造出的思想怎么樣？”文章第一段最后一句話(huà)提到“當(dāng)執(zhí)行同一個(gè)認(rèn)為時(shí)，為什么人類(lèi)裁判會(huì)認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)的結(jié)果優(yōu)于人類(lèi)的想法？”(Whydidhumanjudgeperceivethecomputer’soutcomesassuperiortohumanideaswhentheyperformedthesametask?)，選項(xiàng)B“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)優(yōu)于人類(lèi)思想”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造性思維是……”。文章第二段第一句話(huà)提到“創(chuàng)造力被認(rèn)為是人類(lèi)的終極活動(dòng)，是一個(gè)高度復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，難以形式化和被控制”（Creativityisconsideredtheultimatehumanactivity,ahighlycomplexprocess,difficulttoformalizeandtocontrol），因此選項(xiàng)D“難以被形式化和被分析”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可知，……創(chuàng)意出現(xiàn)的概率”。文章第三段提出了一些增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)意的方法，第四段第一句提到“這些方法有效嗎？”隨后回答“一些研究院暗示它們不能”（Anumberofresearchersindicatethattheydonot）,因此選項(xiàng)C“頭腦風(fēng)暴法可能會(huì)減少創(chuàng)意出現(xiàn)的概率”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“人們相信……往往會(huì)提高創(chuàng)造性的結(jié)果”。文章最后一段提到“這些方法失敗的原因被認(rèn)為是任務(wù)的非結(jié)構(gòu)化”(Thefailureofthesemethodstoimprovecreativeoutcomeshasbeenexplainedbytheunstructurednatureofthetask)，該段第二句依然是在講述非結(jié)構(gòu)化框架帶來(lái)的不好的影響，因此選項(xiàng)A“識(shí)別結(jié)構(gòu)性框架”符合題意。

6.單選題

Therightcombinationofbricks,mortarandplastercanbemixedtobuildagreatcity,butitisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.Londonissuchacity,andamajorexhibitionaboutitspeoplemakesthispointbypulling-togetherpaintings,drawings,andprintsbyartistsoverthecenturiestoshowLondonersfromallwalksoflifeandinallmannerofsettings.Thecapital'srenownedoldmarkets,mostnowgone,likeCoventGardenandBillingsgate,capturedtheeyeofpaintersbecauseoftheextraordinarilydisparaterangeofcharactersminglingtogether.Processionsandceremonialeventswerepopularsubjects,althoughmanyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw:thestreettraders,laborers,merchants,craftsmen,societyfolk,servants,visitingforeigners,theverypoor,theold,andthecriminals.ThereisabookwhichaccompaniestheshowandfromwhichinBritainhaschosenitsillustrations.LondonersarepublishedbyThamesandHudson,30-34BloomsburyStreet,LondonWC1B3QP.Telephone01-6365488.Ithas237illustrations,20incolor:￡20inhardback,￡9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.

TheexhibitioncontinuesuntilAugust2attheMuseumofLondon.OpenTuesdaytoSaturday,10a.m.to6p.m.Admissionfree.

1.Accordingtotheadvertisement,theelementwhichaddstherealcolortoacityis（

）.

2.Theartistsaremorelikelytobeinspiredby（

）.

3.Fromtheadvertisement,wearetoldthatthebookwhichgoeswiththeexhibition（

）.

4.Readersoverseascangetacopyofthebook

（

）.

5.Fromtheadvertisement,wecaninferthattherewouldbefreeadmission（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityitself

B.itsinhabitants

C.thebuildings

D.themarkets

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.popularsubjects

B.processions

C.theindividuals

D.ceremonialevents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.iscalledLondoners

B.iscalledBritain

C.containsonly20pictures

D.containslessthan200illustrations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.for￡9.95

B.bypaying￡29.95

C.onlybyorderingfrombookshopsinBritain

D.byjoiningtheLiteraryGuild

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.onMondays

B.onAugust1st

C.onSundays

D.before10a.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“itisthecity'speoplewhoaddthatextradimensionwhichmakesitvibrant,memorable,famousandmuch-visited.”正是這座城市的人民為這座城市增添了額外的維度，使它充滿(mǎn)活力、令人難忘、聞名遐邇、游客眾多。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“manyartistswereinspiredbytheindividualstheysaw...”許多藝術(shù)家的靈感來(lái)自于他們所看到的個(gè)人……選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的后半部分可知：在英國(guó)，有一本書(shū)中的插畫(huà)被選來(lái)展覽。這本書(shū)叫《倫敦人》，由泰晤士和哈德遜出版。選項(xiàng)A正確，選項(xiàng)B，C，D均不符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“￡20inhardback,￡9.95paperback.Availablepost-freedirectfromthepublisherstoaddresses,overseas,orfrombookshopsintheUK.”精裝本20英鎊，平裝本9.95英鎊?？蓮某霭嫔袒蛘呤怯?guó)書(shū)店直接免費(fèi)郵寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，在倫敦博物館的展覽將持續(xù)到8月2日。星期二至星期六，上午十點(diǎn)至下午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)放。免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Thetrialwasconductedinatheatricalmanner,fullof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.properprocedures

B.sworntestimony

C.eruditecitations

D.extravaganthistrionics

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞短語(yǔ)辨析。properprocedures適當(dāng)?shù)某绦?；sworntestimony宣誓證詞；eruditecitations博學(xué)的引用；extravaganthistrionics夸張的戲劇表演。句意：審判以一種戲劇般的方式進(jìn)行，充滿(mǎn)了夸張的表演造作。由inatheatricalmanner可知，答案為D。

8.單選題

Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants（）tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emigrated

B.estimated

C.migrated

D.immigrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。emigrate“移民，移居”；estimate“估計(jì)，估價(jià)”；migrate“移動(dòng)；移居；隨季節(jié)而移居”；immigrate“移入”。根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)“因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法在農(nóng)村存活”可知他們選擇移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而從農(nóng)村到城市不屬于這二者，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的，極好的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：他似乎覺(jué)得這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)湊效，但我對(duì)它的成功表示懷疑。前半句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)人相信的態(tài)度，由but可知后半句態(tài)度與之相反，即懷疑的態(tài)度。故D項(xiàng)正確。beskepticalabout對(duì)……表示懷疑。

10.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對(duì)海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國(guó)加固了他們的海岸線(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Ourmadattemptstoavoidboredomupholdaprofitablecorneroftheentertainmentindustry,whilethevarietyofbooks,websites,TVprogramsandvideosaimedatchildrenandcalled"BoredomKillers"suggeststhatennui，hasnoagerestriction.Thisisnonewdevelopment-obsessivetextingishardlyonalevelwithwatchinglionsripgladiatorstoshredsforentertainment,and,astheBritishpublicseemtobemovingontoastagewherefox-huntingisnolongerseenasajustifiable,fundiversion,wemustbedoingsomethingright.However,someexpertshaverecentlypointedoutthatobsessiveavoidanceofboredom(apartfrombeingquitedullinitself-haveyouevertriedtohaveadecentconversationwithanextremesportsenthusiast?)deniesaccesstothecertainkindofmentalspacewhichboredombringsandindoingsoleavesuscreativelyandspirituallymalnourished.Inotherwords,boredomisbecoming"alostartform".

StevenWinnoftheSanFranciscoChronicleputsitinarecentarticle:“Asmoreandmorepeopleseemtorecognize,theuniversalexperienceofbeingbored-unengaged,detached,afloatinsomeprivatementalinactivity-maybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest.Asordinaryasgreyskiesandequallypervasive,boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration.

Thisisaveryparticularunderstandingofwhatboredomis,andperhapsthisveryproblemofdefinitioniswhatliesattherootofthesupposeddebate.Ontheonehand,boredomcanbedefinedasastateoflistlessness,alackofinterestinthatwhichsurroundsusandageneralsenseofennui.Ofthisparticulardefinition,SaulSteinbergwrote,“Thelifeofthecreativemanisled,directedandcontrolledbyboredom.Avoidingboredomisoneofourmostimportantpurposes."Sointhiscase,boredomissomethingwefleefrominhorror.

Anotherconceptionofboredomisofablank,privatementalspace,invaluableforrelaxingandforthefermentationofcreativejuices.Itisthistypeofboredomwhichisconsideredbysometobealostartform.Informationaloverloadfromallquartermeansthattherecanoftenbeverylittletimeforpersonalthought,reflection,orevenjust"zoningout".Withamobilethatisconstantlyswitchedonandasurplusofentertainmentsavailabletodistractthemarkedeye,itisunderstandablethatsomepeoplefinditdifficulttoactuallygetboredinthatparticularrestlessness,introspectivekindofway.

1.Theword"ennui"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablemeans（）.

2.Boredomisbecoming"alostartform"becausepeople（）.

3.AccordingtoStevenWinn,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutboredom?

4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatboredom（）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoidingboredom

B.lackofcreativity

C.loveofentertainment

D.thefeelingofhavingnothingtodo

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aredeprivedofdeepthought

B.areabandoningold-fashionedamusement

C.indulgeinentertainment

D.havenoprivatespace

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisacommonproblemofhumanbeings.

B.Itisalwaysfearedbycreativemen.

C.Itisimportanttorecognizeitssignificance.

D.Itismorevaluablethanentertainment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hastwocontradictorydefinitions

B.hasbothstrongandweakpoints

C.isasourceofartcreation

D.isdyingintheinformationage

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifewithoutBoredom

B.TheInfluenceofModernEntertainment

C.TwoTypesofBoredom

D.TheSignificanceofBoredom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一句指出:……為兒童設(shè)計(jì)并被稱(chēng)為“無(wú)聊殺手”的書(shū)籍、網(wǎng)站、電視節(jié)目、音像制品表明“ennui”沒(méi)有年齡界限。因此推測(cè)，ennui是屬于“無(wú)聊”之意的范疇，故選D項(xiàng)“一種沒(méi)事可干的感覺(jué)”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞"alostartform"定位至第一段最后一句:然而，一些專(zhuān)家最近指出，強(qiáng)迫性地逃避無(wú)聊使人無(wú)法進(jìn)入無(wú)聊帶來(lái)的某種思維空間，這使我們?cè)趧?chuàng)造力和精神上都處于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的狀態(tài)。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，無(wú)聊成了一種“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。以及最后一段:正是這種無(wú)聊被一些人視為逝去的藝術(shù)形式。從四面八方涌來(lái)的過(guò)多的信息意味著很少有時(shí)間可用于個(gè)人思考、深思、或者僅僅“溜號(hào)”。因此，綜合考慮，無(wú)聊可以提供某種思維空間，但是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)充斥著過(guò)多的信息，從而使得這種思考空間成為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”。故選A項(xiàng)“被剝奪了深入思考”。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞StevenWinn定位至第二段:theuniversalexperienceofbeingboredmaybefarmoreprecious,fruitfulandevenprofoundthanasurfaceunderstandingmightsuggest(普遍的無(wú)聊經(jīng)歷可能比表面看起來(lái)的要更加珍貴、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredomdeservesitsownsun-splashedattentionandcelebration(無(wú)聊應(yīng)受到陽(yáng)光燦爛般的關(guān)注和贊美),因此可看出，StevenWinn認(rèn)為，無(wú)聊（其意義和積極影響）值得關(guān)注。

4.判斷推理題。A:兩個(gè)定義相互矛盾。B:有優(yōu)劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分別談及“無(wú)聊”的兩種看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也無(wú)優(yōu)劣之分，故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。C:是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:無(wú)聊給予了人們獨(dú)立思考的空間，因而對(duì)于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造是極其珍貴的,但是并不能說(shuō)無(wú)聊就是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的源泉，故排除C項(xiàng)。D:消亡于信息時(shí)代。根據(jù)第四段可知:無(wú)聊被稱(chēng)之為“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”是因?yàn)榉彪s的信息意味著用于有利于藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的思考時(shí)間很少，即“無(wú)聊”的時(shí)間很少了，因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章談及對(duì)“無(wú)聊”的兩種看法，并且提出“無(wú)聊”已經(jīng)成了“逝去的藝術(shù)形式”這一主要觀點(diǎn)。因此，D項(xiàng)“無(wú)聊的意義”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

12.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuade“說(shuō)服”；B選項(xiàng)concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而（）；他是那種喜歡對(duì)別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而氣餒”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thestudentcontinuedtodomischiefinclasseventhoughhisteacherrepeatedlytoldhim______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdoing

B.not

C.notto

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞搭配。句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上繼續(xù)惡作劇，盡管他的老師一再告訴他不要這樣做。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞搭配tellsb.(not)todosth.確定C選項(xiàng)notto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章，嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改善后的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)……選項(xiàng)A“造成了瀕危動(dòng)物的瀕臨滅絕”；選項(xiàng)B“干預(yù)了自然過(guò)程”；選項(xiàng)C“使參觀國(guó)家公園變得輕松愉快充滿(mǎn)活力”；選項(xiàng)D“拯救了洛基山國(guó)家公園中快要餓死的麋鹿”，根據(jù)文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，嚴(yán)格化的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法和改良的野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)致大量的動(dòng)物擁擠在動(dòng)物密度非常大的地區(qū)，比如黃石公園的麋鹿”，根據(jù)此句可知其所帶來(lái)的影響是負(fù)面的，故可以排除選項(xiàng)C、D；選項(xiàng)A所表達(dá)的意思與此句相反，故錯(cuò)誤；所以正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，國(guó)家公園將不會(huì)再有快要餓死的麋鹿、被破壞的草地和奄奄一息的森林……選項(xiàng)A“政府采用更加嚴(yán)格的野生動(dòng)物法”；選項(xiàng)B“國(guó)家公園管理局采用更多野生動(dòng)物管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“重新恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”；選項(xiàng)D“我們繼續(xù)改善我們的自然環(huán)境”。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”國(guó)家公園管理局必須改變他們的管理優(yōu)先級(jí)來(lái)阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加和恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程，不讓公園停滯不前或者隨著時(shí)間死去，可知“阻止動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加”和“恢復(fù)自然進(jìn)程”是兩個(gè)有效的解決辦法，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)這篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量的激增也是由于什么造成的，選項(xiàng)A“采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“國(guó)家公園數(shù)量的增加”；選項(xiàng)C“國(guó)家公園游客的減少”；選項(xiàng)D“20世紀(jì)對(duì)瀕危動(dòng)物的過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)”，根據(jù)第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”國(guó)家公園管理局在20世紀(jì)早期采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策，因此失去了對(duì)野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉動(dòng)物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的數(shù)量激增的一個(gè)原因，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)這篇文章，我們可以推斷出作者……選項(xiàng)A“支持現(xiàn)有的政策”；選項(xiàng)B“欣賞現(xiàn)有的管理技術(shù)”；選項(xiàng)C“認(rèn)為應(yīng)該改變自然的力量”；選項(xiàng)D“強(qiáng)烈支持自然進(jìn)程”，作者在這篇文章中表示了對(duì)國(guó)家公園管理局采取的對(duì)國(guó)家公園的管理措施的批判，認(rèn)為其干預(yù)了自然的進(jìn)程，于是破壞了生態(tài)的平衡，所以作者是支持自然進(jìn)程的，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)這篇文章，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？選項(xiàng)A“20世紀(jì)，公園管理者干擾了森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”；選項(xiàng)B“食肉動(dòng)物不應(yīng)該被消除”；選項(xiàng)C“防蟲(chóng)會(huì)造成森林的過(guò)熟”；選項(xiàng)D“森林中當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重的損害是由火災(zāi)造成的”，選項(xiàng)A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根據(jù)文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整個(gè)20世紀(jì)國(guó)家公園中嚴(yán)重的森林火災(zāi)和防蟲(chóng)造成了森林的過(guò)熟，改變了自然環(huán)境”，可知火災(zāi)和防蟲(chóng)造成了森林的過(guò)熟，所以選項(xiàng)C正確，排除；根據(jù)“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.許多國(guó)家公園中麋鹿數(shù)量的急劇增加造成了當(dāng)?shù)厥卟说膰?yán)重破壞”，可知造成蔬菜破壞的是麋鹿數(shù)量的增