考研考博-英語(yǔ)-塔里木大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-塔里木大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'（

）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的熱情好客給我留下了深刻印象，我在這次晚宴中很開(kāi)心。

考查名詞辨析。Hostility敵意,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行動(dòng);indignation憤慨,義憤;hospitality好客,殷勤;humanity人道,仁慈。故C符合句意。

2.翻譯題

Stanfordopeneditsdoorsin1891,andmorethanacenturylater,itremainsdedicatedtofindingsolutionstothegreatchallengesofthedayandtopreparingourstudentsforleadershipintoday’scomplexworld.

Stanfordstudentsstandoutfortheiracademicexcellence.TheycomefromthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtheworld,representingdemographic,economicandculturaldiversity.Studentsareadmittedonaneed-blindbasis,andtheuniversityensuresthatnoadmittedstudentisunabletoattend.Oncehere,studentsdiscoverthatexploration,challengeandcuriosityarelimitedonlybytheirdesires.

Stanfordisunusualamonggreatuniversitiesinhavingsevenschoolsononecampus:HumanitiesandSciences,Law,Medicine,Business,EarthSciences,EngineeringandEducation.Thisbreadthprovidesstudentswithunparalleledfreedomtocrossdepartmentalboundariesanddiscoverintellectualandpersonalpassions.Creativethinking,problem-solving,andresearcharecentraltotheacademicprogramsatStanfordandlearningtakesplaceinanenvironmentofintimatecollaboration.

FromNobelPrizewinnerstoundergraduates,allmembersofStanfordareengagedincreatingnewknowledge,whetherinsciences,business,artsorwherevertheirinterestslie.Stanfordisparticularlynotedforitsopennesstomultidisciplinaryresearchnotonlywithinitsschoolsanddepartments,butalsoinitslaboratories,institutes,librariesandresearchcenters.

LivingandlearningareintimatelyintertwinedatStanford.Extra-curricularprograms,organizations,performances,forumsandathleticsbeckonstudents,facultyandstaff,aswellasneighborsfromthecommunitiesaroundus.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseandwritetheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考譯文】斯坦福大學(xué)成立于1891年，在之后的一個(gè)多世紀(jì)，一直致力于尋求應(yīng)對(duì)如今巨大挑戰(zhàn)的方法并且為學(xué)生在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜世界中成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層而做準(zhǔn)備。

斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生因其優(yōu)異的學(xué)業(yè)而引人注目。他們來(lái)自于美國(guó)及世界各地，體現(xiàn)著人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的多樣性。該校招生不考慮學(xué)生支付能力，并確保所有被錄取學(xué)生都能上學(xué)。只要進(jìn)入這里，學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)探索、挑戰(zhàn)和好奇的唯一制約因素就是自身的渴望。

和其他著名大學(xué)的不同在于，斯坦福大學(xué)一個(gè)校區(qū)有七所學(xué)院：人文科學(xué)院、法律學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、商學(xué)院、地球科學(xué)院、工程學(xué)院和教育學(xué)研究院。這使得學(xué)生可以自由跨越不同的學(xué)院界限，發(fā)掘個(gè)人的求知欲。在斯坦福大學(xué)的課程體系中，創(chuàng)造性思維、問(wèn)題解決和研究能力是非常重要的，而學(xué)習(xí)也是在一種密切協(xié)作的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的。

斯坦福大學(xué)的所有成員，從諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主到在校本科生，都致力于創(chuàng)造新知識(shí)，不論是在科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)還是藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，還是在任何其興趣所在的領(lǐng)域。斯坦福大學(xué)因其公開(kāi)性的多領(lǐng)域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行，也可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室、研究所、圖書(shū)館或者研究中心進(jìn)行。

在斯坦福大學(xué)，生活和學(xué)習(xí)是互為一體的。課外活動(dòng)、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、表演、論壇以及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅吸引著學(xué)生和教職員工，也吸引著附近社區(qū)的鄰居。

3.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn)，依靠國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。

考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金；earning收益；工資；salary薪水；donation捐贈(zèng)；捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村莊都設(shè)有自己的防衛(wèi)。每個(gè)家族都有自己的仇恨，每個(gè)部落都有宿仇。無(wú)數(shù)部落和部落聯(lián)合體都有自己的理由與其他部落清算。人們不會(huì)忘記任何事情，并且有仇必報(bào)。所以這里的債務(wù)是指宿仇和仇殺。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地豐饒，只要些許勞作就足以供養(yǎng)稀少人口的物質(zhì)需求。所以人口并不多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步槍的便捷受到了前所未有的歡迎。這個(gè)在1500碼遠(yuǎn)的地方可精確殺死對(duì)手的武器給每一個(gè)能擁有它的家庭或家族帶來(lái)了新的希望。所以帕坦人是歡迎步槍這種武器的引入的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他們通過(guò)威脅恐嚇、堡壘、補(bǔ)助等方式來(lái)確保這些道路的安全。所以沒(méi)有減少補(bǔ)貼，可排除選項(xiàng)C。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英國(guó)政府要求沿路周圍的人們保持安靜，不許相互射殺，所以帕坦部落并沒(méi)有過(guò)著安靜的生活，可排除選項(xiàng)D。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗爭(zhēng)都源于這些道路的修建，一系列的爭(zhēng)吵并沒(méi)有結(jié)束，排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段主要介紹了印度邊境的環(huán)境和活動(dòng)，第二段提到了步槍引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了歡迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人對(duì)英國(guó)政府的不滿，并且講到了帕坦部落對(duì)英國(guó)政府的修路意圖尤其憎恨，這也是一切斗爭(zhēng)的根源。由此可見(jiàn)，本文主要介紹了帕坦部落的生活環(huán)境，對(duì)步槍的喜愛(ài)以及對(duì)英國(guó)政府的憎惡等各方面的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.

3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare

（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“美國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期望他們的孩子在學(xué)校學(xué)到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我們送孩子去學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的學(xué)校也不是為了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美國(guó)家長(zhǎng)送孩子去學(xué)校的目的是培養(yǎng)實(shí)踐能力，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“從文章中我們可以知美國(guó)有過(guò)一段怎樣的歷史”。文章第二段第一句話提到“教育作家提出，學(xué)校一直處于一個(gè)重視實(shí)際而輕視才智的社會(huì)中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），選項(xiàng)A“輕視才智”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“Ravitch和Emerson關(guān)于學(xué)校的觀點(diǎn)……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛(ài)默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可見(jiàn)愛(ài)默生是不認(rèn)可所謂的才智主義；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli關(guān)于教育的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該平衡“實(shí)踐能力與才智教育”，不能一味重視實(shí)踐能力，由此可以看書(shū)Ravitcli是重視才智的。由此可以看出，這兩位的觀點(diǎn)是相反的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章可以得知，愛(ài)默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛(ài)默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書(shū)本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知愛(ài)默生是反對(duì)才智主義的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thousandsofanti-capitalistprotesterstook（）thestreetsinscoresofcitiesaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.into

C.to

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺騙，讓……進(jìn)入，改短”；B選項(xiàng)takeinto“考慮到，說(shuō)服”；C選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，走向，開(kāi)始從事”；D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛，脫下，離開(kāi)，突然成功”。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的反資本主義抗議者在世界各地的城市街頭上走著。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hebelievedinconventionalbehaviorswhich______tothehigheststandards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.confronted

C.conformed

D.affirmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confirmed“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)；批準(zhǔn)；使鞏固”；B選項(xiàng)confronted“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較”；C選項(xiàng)conformed“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境；使遵守；使一致；使順從”；D選項(xiàng)affirmed“肯定；斷言；確認(rèn)”。句意：他相信符合最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的傳統(tǒng)行為。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。information是不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式后面不能加s，所以B、D錯(cuò)誤。allof后面接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前必須要有定冠詞the，所以C錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)alltheinformation正確。

9.單選題

ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits.”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan(清教徒)traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.

TomakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.

TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialofthecrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoimmigratedinthelate1630s:leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbymypeople.”O(jiān)newonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.

Meanwhile,manysettlershadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”

26.Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland________.

27.ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglanders________.

28.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay________.

29.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften________.

30.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife

B.intellectualinterestwereencouraged

C.politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors

D.intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.experiencedacomparativelyearlyhistory

B.broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld

C.paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife

D.wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings

B.gainedincreasingimportanceinreligionsaffairs

C.abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld

D.createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.influencedbysuperstitions

B.troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

C.puzzledbychurchsermons

D.frustratedwithfamilyearnings

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities

B.weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect

C.camefromdifferentintellectualbackground

D.leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits”（在新英格蘭，沒(méi)有任何其他地方比殖民地美國(guó)“對(duì)知識(shí)追求”有如此高的重視），可知作者認(rèn)為新英格蘭重視知識(shí)，所以B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)知識(shí)分子的興趣”正確。A選項(xiàng)“清教傳統(tǒng)主導(dǎo)了政治生活”和D選項(xiàng)“享有追求知識(shí)自由的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第一段第三句NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritan（清教徒）traditioninAmericanintellectuallife.（新英格蘭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的占主導(dǎo)地位的清教傳統(tǒng)文化作為美洲文化生活的基本主題和當(dāng)務(wù)之急。），可知沒(méi)有說(shuō)到清教和政治的緊密聯(lián)系，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人把清教作為文化基底，沒(méi)有讓人充分自由追求文化，故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“政治從知識(shí)的努力中獲益良多”：文章沒(méi)有提到知識(shí)在政治方面帶來(lái)的好處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此選B項(xiàng)正確。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.（但是，為了與我們對(duì)南方知識(shí)分子生活的考察相一致，我們可以把最初的清教徒看作是歐洲文化的載體，他們?cè)谶m應(yīng)新大陸的環(huán)境。），可知新英格蘭人把原本就有的清教帶到新大陸，所以B選項(xiàng)“帶來(lái)了舊世界的文化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷了比較早的歷史”：不是作者想要表達(dá)的意思，屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)南方的知識(shí)分子生活沒(méi)有多少關(guān)注”：這里指的是以讀者的角度看南方知識(shí)分子而非新英格蘭人，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“癡迷于宗教創(chuàng)新”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Puritans’theologicalinnovations（清教徒的神學(xué)創(chuàng)新），并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們癡迷于宗教改革，屬于過(guò)度推測(cè)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.（這些人著書(shū)立說(shuō)，在新舊世界都有讀者，給新英格蘭帶來(lái)了一種學(xué)術(shù)熱情的氣氛。），可知D選項(xiàng)“在新英格蘭創(chuàng)造了一種新的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍”正確；沒(méi)有表達(dá)他們很出名，故A選項(xiàng)“在新大陸，他們因?yàn)樽髌泛艹雒卞e(cuò)誤；沒(méi)有提到他們?cè)谧诮淌聞?wù)中的地位，故B選項(xiàng)“在宗教事務(wù)中越來(lái)越重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“在來(lái)到新大陸之前放棄了高級(jí)職位”：根據(jù)第三段第一句TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.（馬薩諸塞灣的早期定居者包括在英國(guó)受過(guò)良好教育和有影響力的人。），這并不代表他們之前位高權(quán)重，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句mostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.（大多數(shù)新英格蘭人受教育程度較低。）和第三句Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.（他們的思想往往帶有一種傳統(tǒng)的迷信性質(zhì)。），接著引出戴恩的例子，所以A選項(xiàng)“受迷信的影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“受宗教信仰困擾”，C選項(xiàng)“被教會(huì)的布道所迷惑”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)家庭收入感到沮喪”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

30.推理判斷題。本文講述新英格蘭殖民地的早期定居者，他們有的是受過(guò)良好教育和有影響力的人，有的受教育程度較低，所以C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自不同的知識(shí)背景”正確。A選項(xiàng)“主要從事政治活動(dòng)”：他們的生活方方面面，政治是其中一項(xiàng)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“被虛幻的前景所激勵(lì)”：文中沒(méi)有這樣的意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有留下多少正式記錄供后人參考”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Accordingtomanybooksandarticles（根據(jù)許多書(shū)籍和文章），可知有不少可參考的資料，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Manybelievethatscienceismerelyacollectionoffacts,thatitdevelopsbythegatheringofthesefactsandslowlyapproachesthetruthaboutnature.Accordingtothisview,theso-calledscientificmethodisthebasisforscientificdevelopment.Thescientificmethodissaidtohavethreesteps.

Thefirststepisthatofcarefulobservation—ofteninvolveslookingforrelationshipsamongdifferentkindsofevents.Ifaspecificrelationshipseemstobetrueinanumberofcases,withoutanyexceptions,thenitmaybehypothesizedthattherelationshipholdsingeneral.Thesecondstepofthescientificmethodmaybetheformulationofsuchageneralhypothesis.Oritmaybeanattempttoexplainphenomenabytheorizingtheexistenceofadeeperreality.Thethirdstep,thetestingofthetheory,mayinvolvefurtherexperimentaltestingofhypothesizedrelationships.Oritmaybeexperimentalverificationofnewphenomenapredictedbyanewtheory.

【答案】很多人認(rèn)為，科學(xué)只是事實(shí)的積累，科學(xué)通過(guò)收集這些事實(shí)而獲得發(fā)展，并慢慢地接近自然真理。根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn)，所謂科學(xué)的研究方法正是科學(xué)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)?？茖W(xué)的研究方法可以包括三個(gè)階段。

第一階段——仔細(xì)觀察階段，常常需要尋找各種事件之間的關(guān)系。如果某一特定關(guān)系在很多情況下看來(lái)都正確而無(wú)一例外，則可以假設(shè)這種關(guān)系是普遍存在的?？茖W(xué)研究方法的第二階段可能是將這種一般的假設(shè)公式化，也可能是試圖通過(guò)對(duì)更深刻的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在進(jìn)行推理來(lái)解釋各種現(xiàn)象。第三階段，即檢驗(yàn)真理階段，可能需要對(duì)所假設(shè)的關(guān)系通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步加以檢驗(yàn)，也可能通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明新理論所預(yù)言的新現(xiàn)象。

11.問(wèn)答題

Ashumankindmovesintothethird(A)millennium,itcan(B)rightfullyclaimtohavebrokennewgroundin(C)theirage-old(D)questtomastertheenvironment.

【答案】C;“their”改為“its”。

【解析】考查代詞。句意：隨著人類進(jìn)入第三個(gè)千年，人類可以正當(dāng)?shù)芈暦Q其在自古以來(lái)對(duì)環(huán)境的掌控中開(kāi)辟了新的道路。It代指上文的“humankind”表示人類，為單數(shù)形式，所以下文也應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式“its”。故將C項(xiàng)的“their”改為“its”。

12.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan“Monkeysee,monkeydo.”

Lookatitfromthechild’spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacketisunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers;whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituation,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningbyimitationis________.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresults,achildshouldalsolearnto________.

3.Childrentendtoimitatetheirmodels________.

4.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Para.5)referstoaperson________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningbyimitationis________.對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，模仿式學(xué)習(xí)的第一個(gè)因素是________。

A.theneedtofindanauthorityA.需要找到權(quán)威

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresultB.需要找到達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果的方法

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparentsC.需要從父母那里得到更多的愛(ài)

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroupD.希望達(dá)到所在的社會(huì)群體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞firstelement定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“還有第二個(gè)因素在起作用（secondelement）”，推測(cè)第一因素在第二段，結(jié)合第二段第三、四句，該處講到“他在尋求（seeking）一種能達(dá)到特定目的的反應(yīng)（gaincertainends）……他觀察到（observes）一個(gè)似乎能夠得到正確結(jié)果（rightresult）的模型。”，可知模仿式學(xué)習(xí)的第一個(gè)因素是需要達(dá)到自己想要的結(jié)果，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“需要找到權(quán)威”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句，該處講到“孩子們會(huì)尋找一個(gè)權(quán)威人士（authority）或?qū)＜襾?lái)告訴他們?cè)撟鍪裁矗╳hattodo）”，可知尋求權(quán)威的建議是是方法，而不是原因，屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“需要從父母那里得到更多的愛(ài)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第三句，該處講到“當(dāng)父母喜歡他的反應(yīng)時(shí)（whenhisparentslikehisresponse），他會(huì)得到更多的愛(ài)（affection）和認(rèn)可。”，這是屬于第二因素的內(nèi)容，而非第一因素，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“希望達(dá)到所在的社會(huì)群體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段最后一句，該處講到“如果一個(gè)人想得到他人的持續(xù)支持和維持自己的自尊（supportofothersandhisownself-respect），他必須以社會(huì)群體認(rèn)可的方式回應(yīng)（responseshissocialgroupapproves）?！?，這是屬于第二因素的內(nèi)容，而非第一因素，屬于張冠李戴。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresults,achildshouldalsolearnto________.除了達(dá)到他想要的結(jié)果