考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川文化產(chǎn)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川文化產(chǎn)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages___inthedictionary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.missing

B.losing

C.dropping

D.leaking

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)missing“丟失，缺失”；B選項(xiàng)losing“浪費(fèi)；使沉溺于；使迷路；遺失；錯(cuò)過(guò)”；C選項(xiàng)dropping“推動(dòng)；幫助；宣揚(yáng)；下降；終止”；D選項(xiàng)leaking“使?jié)B漏，泄露；漏，滲；泄漏出去；透露”。句意：約翰向書(shū)商抱怨這本字典___幾頁(yè)。本句表達(dá)“字典缺失幾頁(yè)”，現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Awell-writtencomposition______goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callon“訪問(wèn)，拜訪；號(hào)召，請(qǐng)求”；B選項(xiàng)callfor“要求；需要；提倡；邀請(qǐng)；為……叫喊；前往接某人”；C選項(xiàng)callup“打電話(huà)給；使想起；提出”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消；叫走；放棄；宣告終止”。句意：一篇寫(xiě)得好的作文，除其他外，還要求選詞得當(dāng)，條理清晰。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Themost（）studentsdoadditionalreadingtosupplementthematerialinthetextbook.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gifted

B.sensitive

C.proficient

D.diligent

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。gifted有天賦的；sensitive敏感的；proficient熟練的；diligent勤勉的，用功的。句意：最勤奮的學(xué)生通常會(huì)做課外閱讀來(lái)補(bǔ)充教材中的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Theescapedprisonerjumpedontotheboatandthen（

）itawayfromtheseashorewithapole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pushed

B.shoved

C.urged

D.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。push“推動(dòng)，增加”；shove“擠，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“壓，按，逼迫”。pushaway=shove。句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用桿子將船退離岸邊。只有A項(xiàng)能與away搭配，且符合句意。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.填空題

Directions:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulisten,completethesentensesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)

6.Whatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple?

7.Writingdownalistofprobleminthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem.

8.Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan’ttalkwitheachother?

9.Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir（）.

10.Accordingtotheoldnotion,whatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder?

【答案】6.(thecouple)themselves

7.constructively

8.aqualifiedpsychologist

9.goodintentions

10.absence

6.單選題

Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.rank

C.category

D.grade

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circle圓圈B.rank（尤指較高的）地位，級(jí)別

C.category（人或事物的）類(lèi)別，種類(lèi)D.grade等級(jí)，品級(jí)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞soldier和top可知，此處是指最高軍銜的軍人，而rank指人在社會(huì)中的地位或等級(jí)，尤指軍隊(duì)中的軍銜，符合句意，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是指按照地位或優(yōu)劣劃分的等級(jí)，是比較寬泛的等級(jí)，放在句中不恰當(dāng)。

【句意】他的脾氣和個(gè)性表明他能成為一名有最高軍銜的軍人。

7.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（

）

forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinions,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackofresponsibility,areoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist;inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason.”Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature.Actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.

However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.

Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto（）.

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat（）.

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomy

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaults

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsociety

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimproved

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountry

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployed

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligations

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployed

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demandstoomuchfromsociety

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossible

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirwork

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto______.1.過(guò)去，人們認(rèn)為貧窮和失業(yè)是因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomyA.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaultsB.窮人和失業(yè)者自己的錯(cuò)誤

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsocietyC.社會(huì)責(zé)任的缺失

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educatedD.大量沒(méi)有受過(guò)良好教育的人

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第四句“一百年前流行的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為窮人的處境是由于他們的無(wú)知和缺乏責(zé)任感，現(xiàn)在這種觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了”，可知，過(guò)去，人們認(rèn)為貧窮和失業(yè)是因?yàn)楦F人和失業(yè)者自己的無(wú)知和缺乏責(zé)任感，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢”和D項(xiàng)“大量沒(méi)有受過(guò)良好教育的人”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“社會(huì)責(zé)任的缺失”太片面，以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat______.2.現(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為_(kāi)_____。

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimprovedA.現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)該得到完善

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”B.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該在沒(méi)有任何“理由”的情況下獲得最低生活保障

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountryC.人人都有分享國(guó)家財(cái)富的權(quán)利

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoorD.人們必須改變對(duì)窮人的態(tài)度

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第三句“現(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為（Itisgenerallyacceptedthat），無(wú)論是自然法則還是社會(huì)法則，都不應(yīng)該把任何人排除在國(guó)家財(cái)富之外”，這也就是說(shuō)，人人都有權(quán)利分享國(guó)家的財(cái)富。C選項(xiàng)符合題干。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)該得到完善”和D項(xiàng)“人們必須改變對(duì)窮人的態(tài)度”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該在沒(méi)有任何‘理由’的情況下獲得最低生活保障”，這是作者的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould______.3.作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度應(yīng)該______。

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployedA.為病人、老人和失業(yè)者提供福利

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligationsB.鼓勵(lì)人們承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployedC.確保每個(gè)人都有就業(yè)的權(quán)利

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiodD.使人人享有某時(shí)期最低生活保障的權(quán)利

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“我想更進(jìn)一步，認(rèn)為即使沒(méi)有這些條件，每個(gè)人都有權(quán)利獲得生存手段；換句話(huà)說(shuō)，他可以不需要任何‘理由’就主張最低限度的生存。然而，我建議，它應(yīng)該被限制在一個(gè)確定的時(shí)間，比如說(shuō)兩年，以避免鼓勵(lì)一種不正常的態(tài)度，拒絕任何社會(huì)義務(wù)。”，從中可知，作者認(rèn)為在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，每個(gè)人都可以領(lǐng)取最低生活保障且無(wú)需任何理由。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“為病人、老人和失業(yè)者提供福利”，這不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任”和C項(xiàng)“確保每個(gè)人都有就業(yè)的權(quán)利”在文中沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum______.4.據(jù)作者介紹，最低生活保障制度______。

A.demandstoomuchfromsocietyA.對(duì)社會(huì)要求太多

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossibleB.使契約自由成為不可能

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirworkC.幫助人們對(duì)他們的工作產(chǎn)生興趣

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeopleD.有助于改變?nèi)伺c人之間的關(guān)系

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段中的“……，它的主要好處將是改善日常生活各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的人際關(guān)系的自由（theimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife）”，從中可知，作者認(rèn)為最低生活保障制度有助于改善人際關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“對(duì)社會(huì)要求太多”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“使契約自由成為不可能”，原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“只有當(dāng)雙方都能自由地接受和拒絕契約時(shí)，契約自由才有可能”，可知，使契約自由成為不可能的是“雙方不能自由地接受和拒絕契約”，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“幫助人們對(duì)他們的工作產(chǎn)生興趣”，文中并沒(méi)有提到最低生活保障制度能幫助人們對(duì)工作產(chǎn)生興趣，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

9.單選題

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lackof“沒(méi)有，缺乏；不足，不夠”，名詞短語(yǔ)；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)be動(dòng)詞+名詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)，正確；B選項(xiàng)be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D選項(xiàng)lackof名詞短語(yǔ)不能當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Abalanceusedforweighingdrugsorjewelsmustbea（）instrument,butthiswouldbequiteunsuitableforweighingcoal,sandorblocksofstone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.correction

C.precaution

D.precision

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。distinction“區(qū)別”；correction“改正”；precaution“預(yù)防”；precision“精確的”。句意：用來(lái)稱(chēng)藥品和珠寶的是一種精密儀器，這種儀器不合適稱(chēng)煤、沙或石塊的重量。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

1.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themanisbusy.

B.Themanhastroublebreathing.

C.Themanisoutoftownonbusiness.

D.Themanishidinghimselffromthewoman.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Idon’tseemuchofyouthesedays,wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Iamworkingonabigproject.Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【解析】推斷題。男士說(shuō)：Idon’tevenhavetimetobreath(我甚至沒(méi)時(shí)間呼吸)，由此推測(cè)他很忙。

12.問(wèn)答題

Manypeopleare(A)naturallydistrustfulofambition,feelingthatitrepresents(B)somethingintractableinhumannature.ThusJohnDeanentitledhisbookabouthisinvolvementintheWatergateaffairduringtheNixonadministrationBlindAmbition,asifambition(C)weretobeblamedforhisignobleactions,andnottheconstellationofqualitiesthat(D)makeuphisrathershabbycharacter.

【答案】C；改成weretoblameforhisignobleactions.toblame用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

13.單選題

Theyhavedevelopedcomputersthatcanunderstandthingspeoplesay,andcannowgivea[A]meaninganswer.Buthumanintelligenceisbetterthanhavinga[B]goodmemory.Itmaybe[C]possibletobuildcomputersthatcanrememberalotmorethanthehumanbrain.[D]Buthumanscandoalotmore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.good

C.possible

D.But

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞性混用。A選項(xiàng)修飾的詞語(yǔ)是answer，因此meaning應(yīng)改為形容詞性的meaningful“有意義的”。

14.翻譯題

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（檢索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinventionofprintingfrommovabletypein1450,followedbythedevelopmentofphotographyandtelephony,andculminatinginthemassproductionofelectronicdigitalcomputersinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.Newtechnologiesforpreservingandtransmittingauralandvisualinformationhavefurtherenhancedinformationprocessing.

【答案】信息處理即對(duì)信息的獲取、組織、檢索、展示及傳播。這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)近年來(lái)一直經(jīng)常專(zhuān)門(mén)用于電腦運(yùn)行。從1450年發(fā)明了活字印刷技術(shù)開(kāi)始，隨后又開(kāi)發(fā)出攝影技術(shù)和電話(huà)技術(shù)，最終于二十世紀(jì)下半葉批量生產(chǎn)電子計(jì)算機(jī)形成頂峰，人類(lèi)信息記錄、信息存儲(chǔ)及信息復(fù)制能力在過(guò)去的幾百年間已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進(jìn)展。用于儲(chǔ)存和傳輸視頻及音頻信息的新技術(shù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了信息處理能力。

15.單選題

Theteacherdidn’tbelievethatTedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhiminthe____actofpullingmyhair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.opponent

C.overt

D.oblique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.public公開(kāi)的；大庭廣眾的B.opponent反對(duì)者n.

C.overt公開(kāi)的；公然的D.oblique隱晦的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處前后語(yǔ)義為“老師一直不相信Ted在煩我，直到她看見(jiàn)他____扯我的頭發(fā)。”根據(jù)語(yǔ)義銜接可知，此處應(yīng)該為C選項(xiàng)overt“公開(kāi)的；公然的”符合語(yǔ)義要求，側(cè)重于指行為不是偷偷做的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)public“公開(kāi)的；大庭廣眾的”，側(cè)重于指面向公眾的；

B選項(xiàng)opponent“反對(duì)者”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)oblique“隱晦的”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】直到老師看見(jiàn)Ted公然扯我的頭發(fā)時(shí)，她才相信他在煩我。

16.單選題

Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoneyisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversaries

B.candidates

C.volunteers

D.manufacturers

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.adversaries對(duì)手；敵人B.candidates候選人；候選者

C.volunteers志愿者D.manufacturers制造商

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)從多種……藥物中選擇最有效的那種。由本句句意可知選擇最有效的，是要從眾多候選、待選的藥物中進(jìn)行選擇，所以B選項(xiàng)“候選人，候選者”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花大量的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)從幾種候選藥物中選擇最有效的一種。

17.單選題

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)atransferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項(xiàng)atouching“感人的”；C選項(xiàng)acontaminating“污染”；D選項(xiàng)acontagious“傳染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允許和隔壁的孩子們一起玩，因?yàn)樗麄冎械囊粋€(gè)患了傳染病。劃線(xiàn)部分aninfectious是傳染的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Itisnotpossibleforamereawardofmoneytoputhiminthepositionhewouldhaveenjoyedhadthebargainbeenperformed.Thebargainmustthereforebeperformed.Butthecourtsrarelycompelthespecificperformanceofacontract,savewhereitisoneforthesaleofrealestate,sinceeveryparcelofrealpropertyisdeemedtobeunique,special,anduniquelyvaluabletoitsowner.Thereareotherkindsofcontractsthatcanbespecificallyenforced,buttheirnumberislimitedanddwindlinginanunsentimental,commercialworldinwhichthepaymentofmoneyisusuallydeemedtheproperremedyforeverylossordisappointmentsuffered.Undercertaincircumstances,anaggrievedpartycanavoidacontractthathepreviouslyagreedtomake.Thisisknownasrescissionoravoidanceofthecontract.Bythisrelief,thepartiesaretobeplacedinthepositioninwhichtheyfoundthemselvesbeforethecontractwasmade.

Litigantshavemutualincentivestosaveonlitigationcostsbysettlingoutofcourt.Theyavoiduncertaintrialoutcomesanddelaysandcanagreetokeepsettlementsconfidential.Insomecases,settlementsmaybereachedthroughalternativemethodsofdisputeresolution,suchasvoluntaryarbitrationormediationGenerally,detailsofcivildisputessettledbeforeatrialarenotreportedtothecourtsandhencearenotincludedinpubliclyavailabledataThosedatathereforeshowonlypartofthepicture—theremaybeimportantdifferencesbetweencasesthatgototrialandcasesthatsettleoutofcourt.Forexample,casesthatgototrialprobablyinvolvelargerdollaramounts,onaverage.Nevertheless,trialverdictssetprecedentsforallcasesandthusaffecttheincentivetosettlebysignalingthevalueandprobabilityofsuccesstofuturelitigants.

【答案】?jī)H僅是金錢(qián)判決不可能讓他享有履行協(xié)議而帶來(lái)的處境。因此，協(xié)議必須履行。但是，法院很少會(huì)強(qiáng)制協(xié)議的具體實(shí)施，除非協(xié)議是針對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的出售，因?yàn)槊恳环莶粍?dòng)產(chǎn)對(duì)它的所有者而言被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)特的、特殊的和具有特別價(jià)值的。也有另外一些可以具體地被強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的協(xié)議，然而，在金錢(qián)經(jīng)常被視為彌補(bǔ)所遭受損失或失望的合理手段的這個(gè)無(wú)情的商業(yè)世界里，這類(lèi)協(xié)議的數(shù)量是有限的并一直在減少。在某些情況下，受侵害的一方可以廢止自己先前同意簽訂的協(xié)議。這被稱(chēng)為解除或廢止協(xié)議。通過(guò)這種補(bǔ)救方法，協(xié)議各方發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己處于協(xié)議簽訂之前的境地。

訴訟當(dāng)事人都有通過(guò)庭外和解的方式去節(jié)約訴訟成本的動(dòng)機(jī)。通過(guò)該方式，他們避免不確定的審判結(jié)果與延期，并且可以同意保密和解協(xié)議。在一些情況下，和解協(xié)議可能通過(guò)替代性糾紛解決方法來(lái)達(dá)成，比如自愿仲裁或調(diào)解。一般情況下，和解的民事糾紛細(xì)節(jié)在審判前不會(huì)呈上法庭，因此它們不包含在公開(kāi)信息中。因此，那些公開(kāi)信息僅僅展現(xiàn)了所有案件的一部分—法庭審判的案件和庭外和解的案件間可能存在巨大的差異。比如，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，法庭審判的案件很可能牽涉更多的金錢(qián)數(shù)量。然而，審判裁決為所有的案件開(kāi)創(chuàng)了先例，因此，它們通過(guò)示意利害關(guān)系及勝訴的可能性，影響了今后訴訟當(dāng)事人去解決糾紛的動(dòng)機(jī)。

19.單選題

Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoftenmoresuccessfulthanthose________blessedwithlooks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)題干中more…than結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)比較級(jí)與之對(duì)應(yīng)，因此排除C和D。而attractive與blessedwithlooks表達(dá)同義，無(wú)法比較，因此空格處應(yīng)選擇否定意義。句意：有些人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)丑陋的事實(shí)，有吸引力的人往往比那些顏值沒(méi)那么高的人更成功。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Lifeinsurancereflectsoneofthebestpartsofhumanbeings,caringforothers.Onebuyslifeinsurancebecauseheorshelovestheirspouseandchildren.Therearebenefitswhilelivingbuttherealreasonistomakesureothersarefinanciallytakencareof.

OneofthefirstrecordsoflifeinsurancewasinRome.There,groupscametogethercalledburialclubs.Theseweresetupbythepoortopayforthefuneralsofthemembersandtohelpthesurvivingfamilymembersfinancially.Themiddleageshadassociationsforthevarioustypesofhighlyskilledlabor.Thereareaccountsthatshowthattheseguildshelpedtheirmemberswithvarioustypesofinsuranceincludinglifeinsuranceanddisabilityinsurance.LifeinsurancecameintoitsowninEnglandinthelate1600'sandbecamepopularfromthenon.DuringthistimeLloyd'sofLondonwasgrowing.Lloyd'snamecamefromLloyd'sCoffeeHousewhereinsurancewastransactedbyshipownerswiththeunderwriterswhomettoputtogetherinsurancecontractsandothershippingandmerchantrelatedbusiness.

Somepeoplethinkofinsuranceasgambling.Itreallyisn'tgamblingeventhoughithasthesimilaritiesofprobabilityandodds.Insuranceservesapublicgoodofsharingthefinancialrisksofexistenceandlifeanddeathamongmanytoservethosewhohaveexperiencedaloss.

ThefirstlifeinsurancecompanyintheUnitedStatesstartedin1735.ThisCompanywasstartedforthebenefitofPresbyterian（長(zhǎng)老會(huì)的）ministers'families.Lifeinsurancewasoriginallydominatedbythemutuallifeinsurancecompanies.Thesearelifeinsurancecompaniesthatareownedbythepolicyholdersandthusthosepolicyownersreceivetheirpro-rata（按比例的）shareofthecompany'sprofits.Therearealsostocklifeinsurancecompanieswheretheprofitsaremadeforthebenefitofthestockholders.Similartothemutuallifeinsurancecompaniesarefraternal（互助會(huì)的）lifeinsurancecompanieswhichwerestartedbythevariousfraternalorderstoassisttheirmembers.Todaytheinsurancebusinesshasevolvedtoamulti-facetedbusinesswithvariousprogramsandnumerousdistributionmethods.Theinternetandtheinsuranceindustryisinitsinfancywithmostinsurancecompanieshavingawebsiteandnowwithwebsitesabletodolifeinsurancequotesonlinesuchaswhichalsohaseducationalpageswhereyoucanlearnaboutthetypesoflifeinsuranceincludingwholelifeinsurance,termlifeinsuranceandsurvivorshiplifeinsurance.

Therearechoicestodaythatdiffergreatlyfromthechoicesofevenafewyearsago.Theinternethasmadeinformationonlifeinsuranceaccessiblejustasanysubject.Butyoustillneedtherightknowledge.Thatmaycomefromaqualifiedinsuranceagentwhoknowstheirbusinessorfromagreatlifeinsuranceordisabilityinsurancewebsitethatprovidesgreatinformationforyoutostudy.

1.What’sthemainpurposesofthe‘‘burialclubs”？

2.Whatdoestheword“underwriters”inParagraph2mean?

3.Whatmakeslifeinsurancedifferentfromgambling?

4.WhatkindoflifeinsurancecompaniesdiddominatethepremiermarketintheU.S.?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpthefamiliesoftheirdeadmembers.

B.Toprovidelifeinsuranceanddisabilityinsurance.

C.Tobebeneficialtotheshareholder.

D.Tomakeprofitsfortheclubmembers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theownersoftheshippedcargo

B.Insurancecompaniesortheiragents

C.Theclerksoftheshipcompanies

D.Lloydinsurancecompany’sagents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lifeinsurancedependsonprobabilityandodds

B.Lifeinsurancebenefitsthosewhobuyit

C.Lifeinsurancecaresforothers

D.Lifeinsurancemakesmanypeoplesharetheburden

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Burialclubsinvariousguilds

B.Fraternallifeinsurancecompanies

C.Stocklifeinsurancecompanies

D.Mutuallifeinsurancecompanies

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Aqualifiedinsuranceagentknowsinsurancebusinesswell

B.Insurancechoicesaredifferentbetweennowandthepast

C.Weshouldhaveourlifeinsuredonline

D.Weshouldchoosetherightwebsitetolearnaboutinsurance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“喪葬社團(tuán)俱樂(lè)部的主要目的是什么？”文章第二段第三句話(huà)提到“這些俱樂(lè)部是由窮人設(shè)立，用來(lái)支付其成員的喪葬和在經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助活著的家庭成員”（Theseweresetupbythepoortopayforthefuneralsofthemembersandtohelpthesurvivingfamilymembersfinancially），因此選項(xiàng)A“幫助死者的家人”符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問(wèn)的是“第二段中出現(xiàn)的單詞underwriters是什么意思？”文章第二段最后一句提到who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明underwriters，是把保險(xiǎn)合同和其他船舶及商船相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)放在一起的人（whomettoputtogetherinsurancecontractsandothershippingandmerchantrelatedbusiness），因此選項(xiàng)B“保險(xiǎn)公司的代理”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“是什么讓人壽保險(xiǎn)與賭博不同？”文章第一段第一句話(huà)提到“人壽保險(xiǎn)體現(xiàn)了人類(lèi)最優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)之一——關(guān)心他人”（Lifeinsurancereflectsoneofthebestpartsofhumanbeings,caringforothers），第三段最后一句提到“保險(xiǎn)服務(wù)于公眾利益，它通過(guò)在很多人中間分擔(dān)生存、生活和死亡的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)服務(wù)那些遭受損失的人”（Insuranceservesapublicgoodofsharingthefinancialrisksofexistenceandlifeanddeathamongmanytoservethosewhohaveexperiencedaloss），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“人壽保險(xiǎn)關(guān)心他人”符合題意。

4.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“什么樣的壽險(xiǎn)公司主宰了美國(guó)的主要市場(chǎng)?”文章第四段提到“人壽保險(xiǎn)最初是被互惠人壽保險(xiǎn)公司支配的”（Lifeinsurancewasoriginallydominatedbythemutuallifeinsurancecompanies），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“最后一段的大意是什么？”文章最后一段的中心句是第一句話(huà)Therearechoicestodaythatdiffergreatlyfromthechoicesofevenafewyearsago（今天的保險(xiǎn)選擇跟幾年前的大不相同），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

I’mtooignorantaboutsuchmatters;Iamnotqualifiedtocomment,butitseemstomesomebodywhohasstudiedataprestigiousuniversityabroadcouldn’tbeasbadasyousay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.civilized

C.well-known

D.conventional

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)civilized“文明的；有禮貌的”；C選項(xiàng)well-known“著名的；眾所周知的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的”。句意：我對(duì)這類(lèi)事情太無(wú)知了，所以我沒(méi)有資格評(píng)論，但在我看來(lái)，一個(gè)在國(guó)外……大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的人不可能像你說(shuō)的那么差。由后面的名詞university“大學(xué)”，可排除A，B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兂Ｓ脕?lái)形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldn’tbeasbadasyousay“不能如你說(shuō)的那樣糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那個(gè)人至少應(yīng)該是優(yōu)秀的，大多情況下優(yōu)秀的人會(huì)考上聲望很高的大學(xué)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.單選題

AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.

Whenthefurthereducationsectorwas"privatized"afewyearsago,competitionbetweencollegesbecametrulyfierce,atleastinurbanareaswherepotentialstudentscouldchoosebetweenseveralofthem.Collegesappointedhighlypaidmarketingdirectorsandgavethemlargebudgets;someeven"bribed."interestedstudentswithpromisesofhundredsofpoundsiftheycompletedcertaincoursessatisfactorily.

FullycompetitivemarketsbeingaphilosophicalfoundationofBritain'srecentgovernments,itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducationgivingyoungstersandtheirparentsafreechoiceofwheretostudy.However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition.

TheOpenUniversityresearchwasprobablynotflawedbutitsconclusionsare.Thisisbecausetheteamdidnotreallycompareareashavingtruecompetition（asjustdefineD.withareasthatdonot.

But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.

Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.

1.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatcompetitionbetweenschoolsresultsin（）.

2.Realcompetitioncanhappenonlywhen（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefreemarketinsecondaryeducation（）.

4.Theauthorofthepassagefeelsrelievedthat（）.

5.Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardscompetitionsbetweennearbyschools?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.higherenrollmentrate

B.loweracademicstandard

C.highermarketingexpenses

D.privatizationoffurthereducation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.academicstandardisimproved

B.therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

C.studentshavedifferentinterests

D.schoolsofallareashavesufficientbudgetfortheirdevelopment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onlyprovidesconsumerswithmoreinformation

B.ismorecompetitivethanthehighereducationmarket

C.meanstherewillbemoreintensivecompetitionthanincolleges

D.isarealsurprisetoBritain'srecentgovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.secondaryschoolshavetomarketthemselves

B.mostsecondaryschoolshavescarceresourcesofstaffandmoney

C.theresearchbyOpenUniversityprovesthatmostsecondaryschoolsarethebestinitsarea

D.schoolsneedn'tprovethattheyarethebest

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorisinfavorofvariouskindsofcompetition.

B.Theauthorisindifferenttoanycompetitionanditsresult.

C.Theauthorisnotcertainoftheeffectofcompetitions.

D.Theauthorisagainstinter-collegiatecompetitions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.”大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)詳細(xì)而徹底的研究項(xiàng)目最近報(bào)告顯示，他們的證據(jù)似乎表明，附近學(xué)校之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并沒(méi)有顯著提高學(xué)術(shù)水平。事實(shí)上，他們的報(bào)告傾向于相反的結(jié)果;在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的地方，考試成績(jī)實(shí)際上可能會(huì)下降?？芍獙W(xué)校之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)水平的降低。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由題干定位到第三段"Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition."附近有兩所學(xué)校（之間至少有一些空地間隔開(kāi)來(lái)）相似到足以進(jìn)行比較，但不同到足以排名，這種情況是非常罕見(jiàn)的。只有在這種情況下，才會(huì)有真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)兩所學(xué)校的具有不同的教育質(zhì)量并且兩所學(xué)校大致相當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，才有真正的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。”體現(xiàn)了原文中的“相似到足以比較，但又有不同之處”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.然而，第二部門(mén)并沒(méi)有變得特別有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，同時(shí)不可否認(rèn)，消費(fèi)者得到了更多的信息，這是一個(gè)真正自由市場(chǎng)的一個(gè)方面?？芍狝項(xiàng)“中等教育的自由市場(chǎng)給消費(fèi)者提供了更多信息”正確。B項(xiàng)“中等教育的自由市場(chǎng)比高等教育市場(chǎng)更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”和C項(xiàng)“中等教育的自由市場(chǎng)意味著大學(xué)將有更激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”原文沒(méi)有提到。D項(xiàng)“中等教育的自由市場(chǎng)讓英國(guó)現(xiàn)行政府很驚訝”與文中“itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducation