考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項(xiàng)enhance“增強(qiáng)”，B項(xiàng)revise“修正，校訂”，C項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項(xiàng)modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔(dān)心嬰兒的基因會(huì)被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Johnsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea（）efforttohelpthepoorercountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.futile

B.glittering

C.frantic

D.concentrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。futile“徒勞的”；glittering“閃閃發(fā)光的”；frantic“狂亂的”；concentrated“集中的”。句意：約翰說更富裕的國家應(yīng)該集中去幫助貧窮的國家。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.betteruseofgreen-spacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfullyrecognized

B.isbeingcloselystudied

C.isusuallyneglected

D.isstillunknown

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為綠地空間的娛樂發(fā)展可能性怎樣？”文章第二段提到因?yàn)閵蕵贩绞竭h(yuǎn)離居住區(qū)，而花在提高居住小區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性方面的注意力很少（whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為綠色空間設(shè)施應(yīng)該怎么樣設(shè)計(jì)？”文章第二段最后一句話提到這些娛樂設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)需要能夠使得更多的強(qiáng)制性活動(dòng)也有娛樂的一面（thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要思想是什么？”本文主要講述了綠地設(shè)施的娛樂功能。首先通過介紹綠地設(shè)施引出話題，然后運(yùn)用城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃的居住區(qū)、工作區(qū)、交通和娛樂分離的理論所造成的不足，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過提高居住區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性來改善居民生活，因此選項(xiàng)D“更好地利用綠地設(shè)施來提高生活水平”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，綠色空間在城市環(huán)境中的重要性……”。文章第一段提到目前人們已經(jīng)廣泛認(rèn)可了綠地設(shè)施的好處，雖然是一種不證自明的說法，還并不是一種經(jīng)過嚴(yán)密推理的科學(xué)證明（Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof），因此選項(xiàng)A“被廣泛接受”符合題意。

4.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutcriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.)Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.

Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.Pediatricianswillusuallyagreetoaninterview;busyinternistsoftenwon’t.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

22.Inadditiontoagynecologist,womenaresupposedtoestablisharelationshipwithaninternistbecause____.

23.Fortheuninsured,expertssuggest____.

24.Expertsindicatethatifadoctoruseselectronicrecords,____.

25.Strategiesforgettinganappointmentwithadoctormoreeasilyincludeallexcept____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primaryphysiciansusuallyhaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

B.Patientsoftenfinditaloteasiertogetanappointmentwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

C.Strategiesareneededforgettinganappointmentwithacompetentdoctor.

D.Thepeopledonotneedtoestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.everyinternisthasanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals

B.someinternistsareonlytrainedincardiologyorrheumatology

C.theyhavearegularsourceofcare

D.theydonotoftenneedtogetanappointmentwithadoctor

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,proceduresandmedication

B.theyreachsomeagreementwithadoctorforadjustedcoverageofcosts

C.theygotoacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinicforfreemedicalcare

D.theyvisittheFamiliesUSAWebsitetolocatefreehealthcare

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedoctorshouldbeaprioritychoiceforpatients

B.thedoctormustbeextremelypopularamongpatients

C.patientsshouldgivethedoctorextracredits

D.theuninsuredmaybechargedmorethantheinsured

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.establishingarelationshipwithadoctorwhohaseveningandweekendhours

B.discoveringacomfortrelationshipwithadoctorthroughinterviews

C.findingadoctorinagrouppracticethatstaysuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice

D.stayinguninsuredforreducedchargesincommunityhealthcenters

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.主旨大意題。文章第1段第1、2句Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth...（最基本的是，想確?？床〉氖怯心芰Φ尼t(yī)生的病人有很多工作要做。第一步是:專家強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)該在健康的時(shí)候去找醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系……）文章開篇指出，對于想找有能力的醫(yī)生看病的病人來說，在健康的時(shí)候就找好醫(yī)生并建立關(guān)系很重要，隨后的段落都是圍繞如何找到稱職的醫(yī)生展開的，C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)約到有能力的醫(yī)生需要一些策略”的表述符合文章的主旨。另外，第25題也可以提供一些提示。A選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)醫(yī)生通常有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”、B選項(xiàng)“病人們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們在身體健康時(shí)，預(yù)約成功要容易得多”是文章細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容，不是主旨。D選項(xiàng)“人們健康的時(shí)候不需要與醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，表述與原文不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

22.推理判斷題。題干“除了婦科醫(yī)生，女性也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系，因?yàn)開___”，可定位到原文第3段第1句Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.（加林博士說，許多女性選擇婦科醫(yī)生作為她們的常規(guī)醫(yī)生，但或許也應(yīng)該與內(nèi)科醫(yī)生保持聯(lián)系。）但是，該句后文以Next（然后）開頭，主要介紹怎么找合適的醫(yī)生，所以，本題的答案應(yīng)該往前找。原文第2段提到“有常規(guī)治療來源的病人（patientswitharegularsourceofcare）得到更好的護(hù)理”，緊接著說“盡管一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生在心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)方面有額外的培訓(xùn)，但初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生也有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)?！庇纱送茢?，專家建議女性應(yīng)該和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生聯(lián)系一下，是因?yàn)樗麄冇锌赏扑]的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)，即常規(guī)治療來源，C選項(xiàng)“他們有常規(guī)的治療來源”表述正確。B選項(xiàng)“一些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生只接受過心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”，表述不符合原文，“心臟病學(xué)或風(fēng)濕病學(xué)的培訓(xùn)”是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的額外訓(xùn)練，說明他們還接受了其他訓(xùn)練，排除；A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生都有一個(gè)可推薦的值得信賴的專家網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，原文并沒有提到“每個(gè)”，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；D選項(xiàng)“他們不需要總是跟醫(yī)生預(yù)約”，原文只是說有常規(guī)護(hù)理來源的能得到更好的治療（getbettercare），并沒有說就不需要預(yù)約了，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

23.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“對于沒有保險(xiǎn)的人，專家建議____”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.（如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)，可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商，讓醫(yī)生同意降低費(fèi)用，但是記住你還是要承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測、血液檢測、X光、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“他們與醫(yī)生就調(diào)整承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用達(dá)成了協(xié)議”正是專家的建議；A選項(xiàng)“他們承擔(dān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測、血液檢測、程序和藥物的費(fèi)用”并不是專家的建議，排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)ド鐓^(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療”，可定位到第5段第2句Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.（這些費(fèi)用更有可能由社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心或醫(yī)院診所按浮動(dòng)比例支付或收取。）由此可知，社區(qū)健康中心或醫(yī)院診所并不提供免費(fèi)醫(yī)療，并且這不是專家的建議，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們訪問美國家庭網(wǎng)站，尋找免費(fèi)醫(yī)療服務(wù)”，可定位到第5段最后一句Tofindalocation,…,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.（您可以在美國家庭網(wǎng)站的“消費(fèi)者資源”中找到。）根據(jù)上下文，這個(gè)網(wǎng)址是找社區(qū)健康中心或者醫(yī)院診所的，并且這些醫(yī)療也并不是免費(fèi)的，選項(xiàng)表述不符合原文，排除。

因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

24.判斷推理題。題干“專家提示，如果一個(gè)醫(yī)生使用電子病歷，那么____”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段最后一句Ifthedoctoruseselectronicrecords,that’saplus,someexpertssay.（一些專家說，如果醫(yī)生使用電子病歷，這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。）由此可知，使用電子病歷的醫(yī)生是相對來說可靠的好的醫(yī)生；另外，全文主要是介紹如何挑選好的醫(yī)生并與之建立聯(lián)系，A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是病人優(yōu)先選擇的對象”，符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“這位醫(yī)生一定很受病人歡迎”，原文只是說這是該醫(yī)生的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并沒有提到一定特別受歡迎，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推測；C選項(xiàng)“病人應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生額外的贊揚(yáng)”，專家說這是一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并不是為了要贊揚(yáng)醫(yī)生，而是告訴讀者可以選擇這樣的醫(yī)生，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“未投保的人可能會(huì)比已投保的人被收取更多的費(fèi)用”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

25.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“更容易預(yù)約醫(yī)生的策略包括除____以外的所有內(nèi)容?！?/p>

A選項(xiàng)“與一位晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生建立關(guān)系”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第一句Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours…（其他需要考慮的因素包括醫(yī)生是否有晚上和周末的時(shí)間……），由此可知，晚上和周末都有空的醫(yī)生更方便關(guān)系和預(yù)約看病，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；B選項(xiàng)“通過會(huì)面與醫(yī)生建立舒適的關(guān)系”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句Onthecrucialquestionsofwhetheryouarecomfortablewiththedoctoryou’vechosen,youwon’tknowthatuntilyoumeetwiththedoctor.（關(guān)于你是否能跟你選擇的醫(yī)生相處愉快這個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題，直到你們見了面，你才會(huì)知道。）由此可知，通過雙方面對面交往，才能知道是否能跟對方相處愉快，才能建立舒適的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“找一個(gè)屬于某個(gè)醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行當(dāng)前最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurrentmedicalpractice.（一些專家說，集體實(shí)踐往往更有效率，團(tuán)體醫(yī)生更有可能保持最新的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐。）由此可知，作者更推薦處于某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的醫(yī)生，選項(xiàng)表述符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“為了在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生中心享受降低一點(diǎn)的費(fèi)用而不買保險(xiǎn)”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee…（如果你沒有保險(xiǎn)，你可以和醫(yī)生協(xié)商降低費(fèi)用……）原文只是說沒有買保險(xiǎn)的人可以跟醫(yī)生商量少收一些費(fèi)用，并沒有建議不買保險(xiǎn)，選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

5.單選題

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知這里指處理問題，選項(xiàng)A不符合句意；選項(xiàng)B和C后面都需要接介詞with，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarfare,itisneverthelesstruethattakentogether,theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance—makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.

【答案】和人口爆炸一樣，科技革命在十八世紀(jì)開始慢慢加速。之后這場正在進(jìn)行的革命也突然呈指數(shù)地加速。例如，在過去十年中發(fā)生的重大新發(fā)現(xiàn)比以往整個(gè)科學(xué)史上的發(fā)現(xiàn)都要多，這已成為許多科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)公理。雖然沒有任何一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了像核武器對我們與戰(zhàn)爭的關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生的影響一樣，對我們與地球的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了如此大的影響，但總的來說，它們完全改變了我們?yōu)榫S持生存而不斷積累的開采地球的能力，這使得無節(jié)制開采的后果與無節(jié)制的核戰(zhàn)爭的后果一樣難以想象。

7.單選題

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。supportfrom“來自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“來自主要議員的支持”；atkeymoment“在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

In1911,theforcesofSunYat-senestablishedtheChineseRepublic,andPuYi,thelastemperoroftheQingDynasty,wasforcedto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accredit

B.abdicate

C.toss

D.accede

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.accredit認(rèn)為；委任B.abdicate退位；失（職）

C.toss（輕輕或漫不經(jīng)心地）扔，拋D.accede同意（請求、建議等）；就任

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格前的wasforcedto可知，beforcedtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“被迫做某事”，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，由關(guān)鍵信息theforcesofSunYat-senestablishedtheChineseRepublic（孫中山的軍隊(duì)建立了中華民國）和thelastemperoroftheQingDynasty（清朝末代皇帝），結(jié)合歷史常識(shí)可知，空格處表示“退位”符合句意，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】1911年，孫中山的軍隊(duì)建立了中華民國，清朝末代皇帝溥儀被迫退位。

9.單選題

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，開頭提到了耳蝸植入裝置使許多使用者能夠在沒有視覺提示的情況下進(jìn)行交談，但對于神經(jīng)末梢退化或聽覺神經(jīng)受損的患者卻沒用。因此加州的研究人員正在研究一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸。接下來的內(nèi)容則是具體的這項(xiàng)新的研究，所以選項(xiàng)C“一種新的聽覺療法”最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.現(xiàn)在，加州的研究人員正準(zhǔn)備這樣做，這是一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸?！痹闹械摹皌hat”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.進(jìn)入聽覺系統(tǒng)的后期?！彼赃x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神經(jīng)生理學(xué)家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已經(jīng)在使用這種新設(shè)備的貓。”由此可知，DouglasMcCreery實(shí)際上是在展示新的設(shè)備，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Theresearchinareasofhuman______andexplorationsuggeststhatthesecharacteristicsarisefrombothintrinsicmotivationsordrivestogaininformationandextrinsicexplorativebehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orderliness

B.curiosity

C.innocence

D.shyness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orderliness“整潔，整齊；秩序井然”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C選項(xiàng)innocence“清白，無罪；天真無邪”；D選項(xiàng)shyness“羞怯”。句意：人類______和探索領(lǐng)域的研究表明，這些特征來自于獲取信息的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)或驅(qū)動(dòng)，以及外在的探索行為。橫線處與后面的“探索領(lǐng)域”是并列主語，與獲取信息和探索對應(yīng)度最高的是好奇心，B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

InsomeAfricancountries，thecostoftreatinganAIDSpatientmay（

）hisorherentireannualincome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploit

B.expel

C.expire

D.exceed

【答案】D

【解析】考察形近詞辨析。exploit“剝削，利用”；expel“驅(qū)逐”；expire“期滿；終止”；exceed“超出”。句意：治療費(fèi)用可能會(huì)超出他一年的費(fèi)用。

12.單選題

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。denounce表示“譴責(zé)，公然抨擊”；A項(xiàng)announce“宣布”，B項(xiàng)forgive“原諒”，C項(xiàng)condemn“譴責(zé)，判刑”，D項(xiàng)despise“輕視，鄙視”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主義活動(dòng)都應(yīng)受到全世界愛好和平的人民的譴責(zé)。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration頭韻；clause從句；（法律文件等的）條款;assertion主張,斷言。句意:在陪審團(tuán)面前,他重申自己無罪的。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Reductionsinoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but____andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reluctantly不情愿地B.unwittingly無意地；茫然地

C.impulsively強(qiáng)制地D.anxiously焦急地

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】前半句提到“減少海外財(cái)政支出”，根據(jù)but可知，前后語義存在轉(zhuǎn)折；另外，空格處通過and與moregradually“更加逐漸”并列，后者說明這項(xiàng)措施進(jìn)行得非常緩慢，因此，A選項(xiàng)reluctantly“不情愿地”符合原句語義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)unwittingly“無意地；不知不覺地”，原句沒有體現(xiàn)，不符合原句語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)impulsively“強(qiáng)制地”，原句沒有體現(xiàn)，不符合原句語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)anxiously“焦急地”，與moregradually“更加逐漸”搭配不合適。

【句意】海外財(cái)政支出減少了，但是減得不情愿，并且進(jìn)行得似乎比現(xiàn)在希望的更加緩慢。

15.單選題

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)maternal“母親的、母性的”；B項(xiàng)fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C項(xiàng)paternal“父親的、父親般的”；D項(xiàng)parental“父母親的”；句意：如果一對夫婦離婚了，他們的孩子和他的母親住在一起，那么他被認(rèn)為缺乏父愛。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

EuropeisfollowingtheDutchleadandtakingthegreenmovementtothemanufacturersofwhitegoodsandelectronics.AspateoflegislationemergingfromBrusselsaimsultimatelytoholdmanufacturersresponsibleforthefateoftheirproductsalongafterthey’veleftstoreshelvesorcarshowrooms.They’rebeingtoldtheymustensurethatasmuchas85percentoftheirproductsberecycledorreused,andtheremainderdisposedofinenvironmentallysoundways.

Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.Acomputerbuiltinthe1960slasted10yearsonaverage;nowtheyarescrappedinjustfour.Inthepastmorethan90percentofthisdetritushadbeenburiedinlandfills.Europe'sjunkheapofelectronicgoodsnowweighs6milliontonsandwilldoublein12years.Allthiswasteistakinganobvioustollontheplanet.

EvenatthisearlystageinEurope'srecyclingexperiment,thoughthenewlawshavealreadycausedunintendedproblems.SomeEuropeancountrieshavebeencaughtwhollyunprepared.Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincinerators（焚化爐）throughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials.TheEUwillsoonbantheuseofthelead,ahazardoussubstancethat’sbeenusedfordecadestosoldercircuitboards.Electronicscompaniesarestrugglingtofindalternatives.“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.

Businessleadersalsowarnofexcessivecosts.“Societyandthepoliticianshaveanotherobjectivehere;tomovecostsontoindustry,”saysViktorSundberg,EuropeanaffairsdirectorofSwedishmanufacturerElectrolux.Inevitablysomeofthosecostswilltrickledowntotheconsumer.Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility.Isonemanufacturerliableforrecyclingtheproductsofaformerrivalthathasgoneoutofbusiness?Shouldcarmakerspayfordismemberingvehiclesbuiltyearsbeforethedirectivetookeffect?Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.

Thenewrecyclinglawsmaynotcostasmuchasonemightthink.Manyofthenewtargetsareonlyincrementallytougherthanexistingones.Carmakers,forinstance,willinfiveyearshavetorecycleorreuse80percent,byweight,oftheiroldcars.Butinthemoreeco-consciousnorthernstates,theyalreadyvoluntarilyrecycle60percent.Thatmaybewhymanufacturershavegreetedthenewrulesmeekly.FordclaimsthatitslatestFiestahatchback,newlybuiltfortheEuropeanmarket,isalready85percentrecyclable;that'sapowerfulimagefortheneweco-friendlymanufacturing,providedEurope’smedicineworkswithouttoomanysideEffects.

1.Theauthorsays“somethingsurelyneedstobedone”because（

）.

2.Theword“inundate”(underlinedinparagraph3)probablymeans

（

）.

3.WhatdisturbselectronicscompaniesmostaccordingtoMichelleONeill?

4.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theenvironmenthasalreadybeenseriouslypolluted.

B.someproductsarereplacedatafasterratethanbefore

C.Europedoesn'thaveenoughplacestoburythediscardedgoods

D.someelectronicgoodswillnotdecayiftheyareburied

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelm

B.destroy

C.flood

D.pollute

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theproductionofrecyclingfacilitiesfallsfarshortofdemand.

B.Thedestructionofelectronicproductswillcostalotofmoney.

C.Thewaste-disposalprocessinvolvesadvancedtechnology.

D.Someessentialmaterialshavetobereplaced.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manufacturersarereluctanttospendalargesumofmoneyonrecyclingtheirproducts.

B.Manufacturerswillshoulderalargerproportionofthecostsofrecycling.

C.InnovativeEuropeanlawsdon’tdefineclearlyhowtoassigntheresponsibility.

D.InnovativeEuropeanlawsarenotapplicableinmanydevelopingcountries.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Somethingsurelyneedstobedone.Inrecentdecadesconsumershavegrownusedtoanever-speedierturnoverofhardware.（一定要做點(diǎn)什么。近幾十年來，消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了越來越快的硬件周轉(zhuǎn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“某些產(chǎn)品的更換速度比以前快”符合題意。

2.詞義題。由文章第三段中的Becauseofthenewregulations,wastesitesandincineratorsthroughoutEuropearebeinginundatedwithhardware.Recyclingfacilitiesnowcomingonlinefaceabacklogofsixmonths.（由于新的法規(guī)，整個(gè)歐洲的廢物場和焚燒爐都被硬件……現(xiàn)在即將上線的回收設(shè)施面臨六個(gè)月的積壓）可知“inundate”為動(dòng)詞，由后面的回收設(shè)備積壓時(shí)間長，可推測前面的廢物長和焚燒爐應(yīng)該是被硬件覆蓋、堆積淹沒。flood側(cè)重于被水淹沒，而overwhelm則側(cè)重于情感方面，指被強(qiáng)烈的感情淹沒而不知所措，因此選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Anotherproblem:replacingbadbutessentialmaterials...“Thiscouldbeamuchbiggerchallengeforusthanthewaste-disposalregulation,”saysMichelleONeill,aHewlett-PackardlobbyistinBrussels.（另一個(gè)問題是：更換壞的但必要的材料……“這對我們來說可能是一個(gè)比廢物處理?xiàng)l例更大的挑戰(zhàn)，”位于布魯塞爾的惠普說客MichelleONeill說）可知D選項(xiàng)“必須更換一些基本材料”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Andthere'sthestickyproblemofassigningresponsibility...Europehasn'tworkedouttheseissues.（還有一個(gè)棘手的問題就是分配責(zé)任……歐洲還沒有解決這些問題）可知C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新的歐洲法律沒有明確規(guī)定如何分配責(zé)任”符合題意。

17.單選題

Groupsofpolicewere______allalongthestreetwheretheQueenwastopass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispersed

B.displaced

C.dispensed

D.discounted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dispersed“分散”；B選項(xiàng)displaced“取代；移動(dòng)位置”；C選項(xiàng)dispensed“分發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)discounted“打折；不理會(huì)”。句意：成群的警察被______在女王要經(jīng)過的街道上。這里A選項(xiàng)dispersed“分散”比較符合語境，指警察在街道上保護(hù)女王，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.填空題

Ourresearchteamis（1）tocompleteamajorproject.Ourfindingswillbe（2）inaseriesofarticlesscheduledtoappearnextyear.Iwillalso（3）theresultsataconferencebeing（4）inSydneylaterthisyear.

句意:我們的研究小組將要完成一個(gè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。我們的研究成果將發(fā)表在一系列計(jì)劃明年出現(xiàn)的文章中。隨后我也將在今年的悉尼會(huì)議上公布這些成果。

【答案】1.going

2.published

3.announce

4.held

【解析】1.固定搭配。Begoingtodo將要。

2.語義題。發(fā)表用publish,此處為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故用published。

3.語義題。此處表示“公布成果”。

4.固定搭配。holdaconference舉辦會(huì)議。這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài)故用held。

19.翻譯題

ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatitisstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeitstarget.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.

ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiont