考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川輕化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

問題1選項

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指木橋承受不了卡車的重量，選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

問題1選項

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cycling“騎腳踏車消遣，騎腳踏車兜風(fēng)”；B選項whirling“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項surrounding“周圍的，附近的”；D選項orbiting“盤旋；繞軌道運行”。句意：與九顆（）太陽運行的行星相比，太陽是非常大的，而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“軌道行星”，因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Whypickupwhatliteraryhistorysoresolutelydiscards?Anystudyofbestsellersconfrontsthesamequestionasdoesthedecaf,no-fatlattedrinkerinStarbucks:‘whybother?’Onejustification,andtheeasiestdemonstrated,istheirinterestingpeculiarity.Likeotherephemeraofpasttimes,bestsellersofferthecharmofantiquarianquaintness.Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.

Lookingbackthroughthelistsistouncoverdelightfulculturaloddities.Consider,forexample,thetop-sellingnovelof1923intheUnitedStates,BlackOxen,byGertrudeAtherton.RecalltoothatthediscriminatingreaderofthatyearhadJamesJoyce’sUlyssesandT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLandtochoosefrom.

TheallusionofAtherton'stitlesignalsgrandliterarypretension;pretensionabsurdlyunmerited.Nonetheless,thenovel’sthemewas,forthetime,bothtopicalandsensational—rejuvenation.Forhumans,thatis,notcattle.

ThenarrativeopensinaNewYorktheatre.Abrilliantyoungnewspaperman,LeeClavering,isstruckbyabeautifulwomanintheaudience.Investigationrevealsthatsheisfaciallyidenticalwithayoung‘belle’ofthirtyyearsbefore,MaryOgden.MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.

Whennewsofthewonderfulprocesshitsthenewspapers,‘civilwarthreatens’.AndlucklessClaveringfindshimselfinlovewithawomanoldenoughtobehismother.Ontheotherside,hehimselfisobsessivelylovedbyaflapper,Janet,youngenoughtobehisdaughter,whodrinksillegalhoochandattends‘pettingparties’.Theplotthickens,madlythereafter.Itisnonsense-justas,medically,Stcinach’sX-raymiraclewasnonsense.In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment.Itseems,frompublicitypictures,tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.Buttoshfictionandquackscienceasitmaybe,BlackOxenfits,hand-in-glove,withitsperiod.Andnootherperiod.

Howeverabsurditseemstothemodernreader,Atherton’snovelreflects,anddramatizes,contemporaryanxietyaboutwomen’sfreedoms.The1920swastheeraofthe'flapper'--theperpetuallyyounggirl-woman.Britishwomeninthisdecadehad,afterlongstruggle,thevote-butonlyiftheywereover30,afterwhichtheheydayinthefemalebloodwasconceivedtohavebeensufficientlycooledtomakerationalpoliticaldecisions.

BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.Itcouldhavebeenpublished15yearslater.Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.Norwouldit,inotherdays,havebeenwhatitwas,‘thebookoftheday’.Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.Thishand-in-glovequalityisinextricablylinkedwiththeephemeralityofbestsellerism.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionUlyssesandTheWasteLandinparagraph2?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutBlackOxenEXCEPT（

）.

3.Theword“rage”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingsentencecanbestexpressthemeaningofthehighlightedsentenceintheLastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutabestseller?

問題1選項

A.TheywerebestsellersjustsecondtoBlackOxenin1923.

B.TheyweremorepopularthanBlankOxenin1923.

C.AscontemporarynovelsofBlackOxen,theywerenotpopularin1923.

D.Asbestsellersof1923,theywerenotaspopularasBlackOxen.

問題2選項

A.ThoughthewriterofBlackOxendidgetatreatmentforkeepingyoung,butitlookedunsuccessful.

B.BlackOxenimpliedtheX-raytechniquewaswelcomedbywomenwhowereinmenopause.

C.BlackOxenwasverypopularin1923whenpeoplebelievedinpseudoscienceaboutrenewalofyouthfulness.

D.CountZattianyappearedinBlackOxenasaminorcharacter.

問題3選項

A.angergreatly

B.prevailuncontrollably

C.rakelip

D.presumedaringly

問題4選項

A.Theethosof1923forBlackOxenisjustlikewaterforfish.

B.Withoutitstime-and-space,BlackOxenwouldhaveenjoyeditspopularityforalongertime.

C.Withoutwater,BlackOxenwouldloseitspopularity.

D.BlackOxenwouldnothavebeenproducedifitwasn’ttreatedlikeafish.

問題5選項

A.Abestselleronlycatersforitsowntime.

B.Abestsellerisliabletotellalovetrianglestory.

C.Abestsellercannotbewrittenbyanoldfemalewriter.

D.Abestsellerisagreatliterarywork,thoughitisstrange.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.”，可知作者的觀點是暢銷書的壽命是短暫的，以至于今天的暢銷書幾乎一讀完就變成了昨天的小說。所以在文章第二段作者用《尤利西斯》和《荒原》兩本書的例子和《黑色公牛》做了對比，說明與同時代的暢銷書《黑色公?！芬粯?，它們在1923年并不受歡迎。選項C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment…tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.”，可知雖然她接受了Viennese恢復(fù)治療，但是并沒有效果。選項A符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.”，可知通過這種技術(shù)，處理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老過程是可以消除的。選項B符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.”，可知瑪麗?奧格登嫁給了一個匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在《黑色公牛》中扮演一個次要角色。選項D符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.”，可知《黑色公牛》受歡迎的原因是由于小說與時代的不可分割性。所以原因并沒有提及人們相信青春再生的偽科學(xué)。選項C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.”，可知瑪麗?奧格登嫁給外交官的事情迅速傳播蔓延，但是最后真相說明：Ogden/Zattiany通過Steinach醫(yī)生新發(fā)明的X射線技術(shù)重新煥發(fā)活力。所以rage在這一句的意思應(yīng)該是迅速傳播和蔓延。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.”，可知如果沒有1923年的時代和背景框架，《黑色公?！肪蜁耵~離開水一樣無法存活。選項A符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，作者的對于暢銷書的觀點為：暢銷書因為和當(dāng)時所處的時代和思潮是相符的，所以會帶來小說的短暫暢銷。又根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.”，可知1923年的暢銷書就像那個時代的新聞頭條一樣，所以反應(yīng)的是那個時代的思想和潮流。可知暢銷書只適合于自己的時代符合文意。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

問題1選項

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公眾不太相信政府的減稅計劃。

形容詞辨析。Susceptible易受影響的;dubious可疑的，懷疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此無論從句意還是從搭配上,B項正確。

5.單選題

Thisalbumis______asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.

問題1選項

A.unusual

B.unique

C.rare

D.singular

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項unusual“不同尋常的”，B項unique“獨特的，獨一無二的”，C項rare“稀有的，半熟的”，D項singular“單數(shù)的，單一的”。根據(jù)句子theonlyoneeversignedbythePresident“唯一一個有總統(tǒng)簽名的”可知，B項最符合語境。句意：這張專輯是獨一無二的，因為它是唯一一張有總統(tǒng)簽名的專輯。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計算個人每日所需熱量時，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動和年齡的變化。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

AsistheChinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

問題1選項

A.optional

B.plural

C.negative

D.slender

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。optional“可選的”；plural“復(fù)數(shù)的，多樣的”；negative“消極的，否定的”；slender“細長的，苗條的”。句意：就像許多中國廚師一樣，我母親經(jīng)常對自己的廚藝予以否定評價。能修飾remarks的只有C項。

8.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀末,中國開始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國成立之后,在各級政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國師范教育進入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學(xué)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟的希望在教育,教師隊伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國這樣一個擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊伍的國家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個國家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusandfunctionoftheteachers.

9.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

問題2選項

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

問題3選項

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

問題4選項

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

問題5選項

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美國的價格系統(tǒng)是非常復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，如勞動力、專職交通、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價格?！笨芍疚闹饕獌?nèi)容為美國的復(fù)雜價格體系。故B項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一種特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價格都與這個廣泛而復(fù)雜的價格系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其他成分的制約。”可知價格與產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有關(guān)。故D項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.買方和賣方都應(yīng)該熟悉不僅金額,而且產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量或服務(wù)的交換,進行交換和付款的時間和地點,資金使用的形式,提供給交易的本信用證條款和折扣,產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的保證,交貨條件,返回特權(quán),和其他因素都要了解?！笨芍I賣雙方要了解的不僅僅是錢的數(shù)量，而且還有產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、時間和地點等。故A項“產(chǎn)品說明書”沒有提及。

4.推理判斷題。由本文最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評估一個給定的價格?！笨芍猼hey指代買方和賣方。故C項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal‘package’beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.換句話說，買方和賣方都應(yīng)該充分了解構(gòu)成交換的所有因素，以便他們可以評估一個給定的價格?！笨芍挛目赡苡懻撚嘘P(guān)構(gòu)成買賣的各種因素。故D項正確。

10.單選題

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

問題1選項

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。discrimination“歧視”；segregation“隔離”；controversy“爭論”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他們的解決方法就是將他們的孩子送入私立學(xué)校，因為他們不收取任何稅款，并且沒有種族歧視。選項A符合題意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethebestwayisthroughpersonalexperience.

Comparetheadvantagesofthesetwodifferentways.Whichdoyouthinkispreferable?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpreference.

【答案】略

12.單選題

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

問題1選項

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后來證明他的財產(chǎn)被國家沒收的原因是，戰(zhàn)爭期間他參與了欺詐活動。

語法題。分析句子可知應(yīng)用一般過去時,固定搭配turnout“結(jié)果（證明）是”用主動語態(tài)即可。

13.翻譯題

二十四小時的全天候時間表在改變著我們的生活方式。21世紀的辦公地點無處不在。我們外出度假時會隨身攜帶無線手機或手提電腦。有些人甚至把手機帶入音樂廳或會議廳，因為在他們看來，錯過一個重要的商業(yè)信息是不可彌補的過失。二十四小時的超高速的“因特網(wǎng)時間”使我們無法靜心休息和思考。越來越多的企業(yè)行政主管開始把自己有時間睡覺作為吹牛的資本。對他們來說，地位的最大標志在于無能力按照自然的生物鐘而非網(wǎng)絡(luò)鐘來工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

14.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問題1選項

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項decrease“減小；減少”；C選項ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進入了一個仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

15.單選題

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

問題1選項

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項vain“徒勞的”，和介詞in搭配意為“徒勞無功的”，中間不接定冠詞the；B選項vicinity“鄰近，附近”；C選項court“法院，球場”；D選項jail“監(jiān)獄”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

ItoldmyfriendGrahamthatIoftencyclethetwomilesfrommyhousetothetowncentreblitunfortunatelythereisabighillontheroute.Hereplied,“Youmeanfortunately.”HeexplainedthatIshouldbegladoftheextraexercisethatthehillprovided.

Myattitudetothehillhasnowchanged.Iusedto(1)asIapproacheditbutnowItellmyselfthefollowing.Thishillwillexercisemyheartandlungs.Itwillhelpmetolose(2)andgetfit.ItwillmeanthatIlivelonger.Thishillismyfriend.FinallyasIwindmywayuptheincline,I(3)myselfwiththethoughtofallthosesillypeoplewhopaymoneytogotoagymandsitonstationeryexercisebicycleswhenIcangetthesamevaluefor(4).IhaveasmileofsatisfactionasIreachthetopofthehill.

Problems(5)befacedandovercome.Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.HelenKellerwasthefirstdeafandblindpersontogainauniversitydegree.Heractivismandwritingprovedinspirational.Shewrote,“(6)cannotbedevelopedineaseandquiet.Onlythroughexperiencesoftrialandsufferingcanthesoulbestrengthened,visioncleared,ambitioninspiredandsuccessachieved.”

Oneofthemain(7)ofsuccessinlifeisourattitudetowardsadversity.Fromtimetotime,weallfacehardships,problems,accidents,afflictionsanddifficulties.Someareofour(8)butmanyconfrontusthroughnofaultofourown.Whilewecannotchoosetheadversitywecanchooseourattitudetowardsit.

Howcanyouchangeyourattitudetowardstheadversitythatyouface?Trythesesteps:Confronttheproblem.Donotavoidit.Deliberatelytakea(9)attitudeandwritedownsomebenefitsoradvantagesofthesituation.Visualizehowyouwillfeelwhenyouovercomethisobstacle.Developanactionplanforhowtotackleit.Smileandgetcracking.

Thebiographiesofgreatpeoplearelitteredwithexamplesofhowtheytookthesekindsofstepstoovercomethedifficultiestheyfaced.Thecommonthreadisthattheydidnotbecomedefeatistordepressed.Theychosetheirattitude.They(10)tobepositive.

Theytookonthechallenge.Theywon.

問題1選項

A.grumble

B.fear

C.giveup

D.stop

問題2選項

A.temper

B.control

C.weight

D.sight

問題3選項

A.provide

B.converse

C.deal

D.console

問題4選項

A.good

B.free

C.ever

D.return

問題5選項

A.arethereto

B.whichcan

C.willnot

D.wehave

問題6選項

A.Education

B.Interest

C.Character

D.Friendship

問題7選項

A.causes

B.determinants

C.symptoms

D.components

問題8選項

A.making

B.doing

C.taking

D.thinking

問題9選項

A.special

B.strong

C.negative

D.positive

問題10選項

A.seemed

B.opted

C.had

D.used

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】1.動詞辨析。grumble抱怨,嘟囔;fear害怕,敬畏,為……擔(dān)心;giveup放棄,交出；stop停止,逗留。此處句意為:我對這座山的態(tài)度現(xiàn)在改變了,過去我看到它總是…。因此A符合句意。

2.名詞辨析。temper脾氣，(鋼等)回火，性情，傾向；control控制，管理；weight重量，體重，負擔(dān);sight視力，景象。And連接空格和getfit(變得健康),因此and前面很可能表示“減肥,減掉體重”,故選C。

3.動詞辨析。provide提供，供應(yīng)；converse交談，談話；deal處理，交易；console安慰，慰藉。此處表示“想起這些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法來安慰自己”。故選C。

4.短語辨析。Forgood永久地，一勞永逸地;forfree免費；ever永遠，曾經(jīng)；forever永遠，永恒地；forreturn作回報。這里句意為:自己能免費地得到同樣的價值,故選B。

5.語法題?？疾橐话銓頃r。句意:難題是用來被面對和克服的,順風(fēng)順水就不會有進步。因此要用一般將來時,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故選A。

6.名詞辨析。education教育，培養(yǎng)，教育學(xué)；interest興趣，利息；character性格，品質(zhì)，特性；角色friendship友誼，友愛，友善?？崭窈缶湟鉃樘崾拘畔?只有通過磨煉和受難的經(jīng)歷，人的心靈才能被強化,由此可知C符合句意。

7.名詞辨析。cause原因，事業(yè)，目標;determinant決定因素；symptom癥狀，征兆；component成分，組件。句意為:我們對待逆境的態(tài)度是生命中成功的主要決定因素之一,因此選B。

8.名詞辨析。making發(fā)展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，難以完成，事件；taking捕獲，收入；thinking思考，意見，見解。這里表示“一些問題是我們造成的”,因此A符合句意。

9.形容詞辨析。special特別的，專門的，專用的；strong堅強的，強壯的，牢固的；negative負的，消極的，否定的，陰性的；positive積極的，確定的。空格前句意為:你怎樣能改變自己對待所面臨的逆境的態(tài)度呢？可以嘗試這些步驟。所以此處表示“故意采取一種積極的態(tài)度”,故選D。

10.動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。seem似乎，像是，裝作，seemto似乎，看起來;opt選擇，optto選擇;have有，從事，允許，haveto必須，不得不；use利用，耗費。這里應(yīng)表示“他們選擇積極地面對”,故選B。

17.單選題

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

問題1選項

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。adversary敵手，對手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：貧窮和家庭暴力讓她很容易相信壞事會發(fā)生，并帶走這種脆弱的幸福。只有選項C符合句意。

18.填空題

Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists（1）researchtherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesarguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintain（2）rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependence（3）approvalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparks（4）ingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,（5）toastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingfora（6）andcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity’’，saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsfor（7）performanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithdiscouragedstudents,Eisenbergerholds（8）anexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailing（9）.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,in（10）studentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstoward,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

【答案】（1）who

（2）that

（3）on

（4）creativity

（5）according

（6）reward

（7）poor

（8）As

（9）grades

（10）which

【解析】（1）語法題。考查定語從句。此空后的句子為定語從句，先行詞為“Behaviorists”，所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞who，引導(dǎo)修飾人的定語從句。

（2）語法題?？疾橘e語從句?？蘸蟮膬?nèi)容為maintain的賓語，應(yīng)填一個可引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞。而且上文的賓語從句“arguethat...”也可以推斷出本空填"that。

（3）固定搭配。固定短語dependon意為“依賴，依靠”，其名詞形式dependence也需要跟介詞on。

（4）語義連接。本文是在講述獎勵、表揚與創(chuàng)造性的關(guān)系，此句意為“但是小心地使用小量的金錢報酬能激起分級學(xué)校孩子們的”第一段中提到“destroycreativity”,因此該空格處應(yīng)填“creativity”。

（5）固定搭配。According填在空格處,句意為：根據(jù)一項個性與社會心理學(xué)的六月雜志的研究。

（6）語義連接。本文講獎勵與創(chuàng)造性的關(guān)系，此句意為“如果孩子們知道他們在為工作?！憋@然，此空處應(yīng)填“reward”(獎勵)。

（7）語義連接。推測此句意為“但是如果獎勵表現(xiàn)不好的,或者制造過高的對創(chuàng)造力的獎勵期望值,這很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造性。因此此處填poor比較合適。

（8）語義連接。此句意為作為后一種觀點的例子”。

（9）語義連接。前句句意:給平常成績的學(xué)生打高分的老師，最終會使學(xué)生泄氣。此句句意:他指出，各大學(xué)在嚴格控制評分標準和恢復(fù)不及格成績方面做出越來越多的努力。此處應(yīng)填grade的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（10）語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此空后的句子應(yīng)為定語從句，先行詞為“tokeneconomies”，故此空應(yīng)填一個可引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，而且空格前面有介詞in,故只能填“which”。

19.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

問題3選項

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們和他們的父母一樣，也受到時間短缺的影響）。C選項“父母和孩子都因缺乏閑暇時間而受苦”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，C選項符合句意，因此C選項正確。A選項“孩子們幾乎沒有時間和父母一起玩”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“孩子們沒有得到工作的父母很好的照顧”，文章沒有提到這一點，因此可排除。D選項“父母和孩子都在管理他們的時間上有困難”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們的影響同時緊縮（危機），影響他們的父母）。B選項“部分正確”，B選項符合句意。A選項“十分信服”，作者并沒有認為她給出的理由是十分信服的。C選項“完全沒有事實根據(jù)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“令人困惑的”，不符合題意，可排除。因此B選項為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B