考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

問題1選項

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout擊倒;distinguish區(qū)別,辨別;overture作動詞意為建議;extricate使擺脫,解救。句意：任何一位民主黨總統(tǒng)都將試圖把美國從伊拉克的混亂中解救出來,但所有人都將面臨嚴格的約束。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項fundamentally“根本地”；B選項comparatively“相對地”；C選項certainly“無疑地”；D選項insignificantly“無關(guān)緊要地”。句意：計算機革命很可能像工業(yè)革命一樣______改變社會。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是計算機革命和工業(yè)革命一樣對社會的影響重大，A選項fundamentally“根本地”符合題意。題干中提到計算機革命很可能會改變社會，C選項certainly“無疑地”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.

問題1選項

A.spread

B.decline

C.start

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項spread“傳播；伸展”；B選項decline“下降；衰退”；C選項start“開始；起點”；D選項increase“增加；增長”。句意：霍爾茨曼教授說：“這表明，有可能對這種治療方法進行測試，看看它能否延緩阿爾茨海默氏癥的……?！庇申P(guān)鍵信息treatment“治療”和病癥Alzheimer’sdisease“老年癡呆癥疾病”，其治療目的是為了delay“延遲”。老年癡呆癥是每個人會遇到的問題，無法避免，只能看是否通過治療延緩其開始的時間。因此C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

問題1選項

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance掃視,匆匆一看;reckon估計,猜想;cast投,拋,計算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意：也許最重要的是,雖然報告中涉及了一些,但報告應(yīng)該讓我們明白,隨著時間的推移兒童福利正在發(fā)生怎樣的變化。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Within,the（）ofgivendata,thebiographerseekstoilluminatefactualinformationaboutapersonandtransformsitintoinsight.

問題1選項

A.bounds

B.archives

C.networks

D.goals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。bound界限，限制；archive檔案文件；network網(wǎng)絡(luò)；goal目標。句意：在給定數(shù)據(jù)的界限內(nèi)，這個傳記作家試圖解釋一個人的事實信息，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為洞察力。

6.翻譯題

一本好書往往珍藏著一個人所能想到的最美妙的東西，因此，好書就是一座座收藏著美好話語和崇高思想的寶庫。這些珍藏的話語和思想會隨時隨地陪伴并撫慰我們。

書中自有顏如玉，書中自有黃金屋。讀書是賞心悅目，陶冶情操；讀書是走進先哲，聆聽教誨；讀書是體驗鳥語，感受花香。書能引導我們進入最優(yōu)秀的社會群體，將我們帶到有史以來最偉大的思想家面前。在書中我們能夠與先賢們博古爍今，能夠與文人騷客煮酒論歌，能夠從無數(shù)正反面的故事中，吸取教訓，增長見識。

開卷有益，這是自古以來人們的共識。每一個人要想在知識的山峰上登得越高，眼前展現(xiàn)的景色越壯闊，就要多讀書。讀書是開闊視野，獲取淵博知識的最佳途徑。讓我們都來讀書吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

7.翻譯題

加拿大移民條例雖不把英籍香港華人與其他英國殖民地人民一視同仁，然加拿大比美國較為關(guān)心香港移民卻是千真萬確的事。1962年，加拿大方面鑒于香港難民眾多，在各方呼吁下，自動提出愿意接受香港方面100個家庭單位來加。多倫多《明星報》（TorontoStar）在3月23日的社論中還譏諷其為一種姿態(tài)罷了。其實，移民局早已著手調(diào)查，尋找符合條件并愿意赴加的家庭。還有一些組織和機構(gòu)，如“教會聯(lián)合總會”（GeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch）于9月開會時曾大聲疾呼加拿大應(yīng)該容納香港難民10000名。11月21日第一批來自香港的家庭抵加，至年底計有62個家庭單位，合共人數(shù)139名由港抵加。11月16日，貝爾宣布調(diào)查中國移民舞弊案結(jié)束。移民局長表示那些在加華人如愿歸化入籍，手續(xù)將加以簡化。反對黨派、輿論界、加拿大華人團體一致?lián)碜o移民局的這項宣布。

【答案】ItistruethatCanadaismoreconcernedaboutHongKongimmigrationthantheUnitedStates,althoughCanada’simmigrationlawsdonottreatBritishHongKongChineseasequalstootherBritishcolonists.In1962,inviewofthelargenumberofrefugeesinHongKong,Canadavoluntarilyofferedtoaccept100familyunitsfromHongKongundertheappealofallparties,whichhasbeensatirizedasapracticeofformalismbyTorontoStar’sEditorialonMarch23th.ButthetruthistheImmigrationAuthorityhasalreadyundertakinginvestigation,lookingforqualifiedfamilieswhoarewillingtoCanada.Otherinstitutionsandorganization,suchastheGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch,haveclamoredinmeetingCanadashouldaccept10000HongKongrefugeesGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurchinSeptember.OnNovember21th,thefirstbatchoffamilyfromHongKongarrivedinCanada.Anestimated62familyunitfromHongKong,totalnumberof139followingtillthisyearend.OnNovember16,BaerannouncedtheendofChineseImmigrationFraudinvestigation.TheimmigrationministersaystheprocesswillbesimplifiedforthoseChineseinCanadawhowanttobecomenaturalized.Oppositionparties,opinionmakersandtheChineseCanadiancommunityallsupportedtheannouncement.

8.單選題

Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.

問題1選項

A.familiarize

B.modify

C.orient

D.alter

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……適應(yīng)……”。句意：大學新生花了一段時間使自己適應(yīng)大學的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

9.翻譯題

IntheeyesofChinese,whatisimportantabouteating,especiallyatfestivals,istoatinawarmatmosphere.

【答案】在中國人看來，吃飯最重要的是在一個溫暖的氣氛中，尤其是在節(jié)日里。

10.翻譯題

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達國家，中國近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國的大學和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學，從新能源到機器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。他們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。

【答案】InnovationinChinaisboomingatanunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahasgreatlyincreaseditsresearchanddevelopmentfundinrecentyears.Theyarealsoworkingwithscienceandtechnologyparksaroundthecountrytocommercializetheirinnovations.Atthesametime,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarestrivingtobepioneersininnovationtoadapttotheever-changingandgrowingneedsofdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.

11.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問題1選項

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問題2選項

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問題3選項

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問題4選項

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問題5選項

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項“由于吸煙”和C項“因為他們的父母吸煙”明顯錯誤；D選項“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因為他們吸入有毒的煙”，故A項正確。B選項原文沒有提及，C選項與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內(nèi)有過量的這些化學物質(zhì)”可以排除。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干要求找出錯誤選項。A選項“非吸煙者也許會被動吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項“有些非吸煙者可能因為吸二手煙而死于肺癌”正確；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。因此本題答案為D項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干要求判斷四個選項中哪一個不是二手煙對孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項正確，可排除；B選項“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項“孩子們長大了也會受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。

5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風險更高”。A選項為“5歲以下生活在無人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

12.單選題

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，機會”；avenue“林蔭大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“邊緣”。句意：沒有通道從主路通往那個房子。A項符合題意。

13.填空題

I’msurprisedthatshehasagreedtomarryJohn.Iknewthathe（1）goingtopropose,butI（2）hertosayno.I（3）whatledhertoaccepthisoffer.She’scertainlynotinlovewithhim!

【答案】1.was

2.considered

3.wonder

【解析】1.固定搭配。begoingtodo打算做…,前面的謂語動詞knew用的過去式,因此這里也用過去式was。

2.固定搭配。

considersb.todosth.認為某人會…。

3.語義題。句意:我在想是什么讓她決定接受他的求婚的。

14.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問題1選項

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問題2選項

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問題3選項

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問題4選項

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時間安排不可避免地會帶來壓力，孩子們會因為有足夠的時間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準備好讓他們應(yīng)付未來的學業(yè)和社會壓力?！_定D選項‘要使孩子們適應(yīng)各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認為長時間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時間和家人在一起。’確定C選項‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點是當今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識到這個問題‘確定A選項‘在這個問題上看到一些變化是樂觀的’正確。

15.單選題

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

問題1選項

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重溫，仔細檢查；cameup發(fā)生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向講清楚。句意：語言障礙使溝通很困難，但我的一部分想法最終還是被（）了。因此D選項符合句意。

16.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(為了盡可能簡化該定義，假設(shè)科學被定義為分類知識（事實）)。因此D項“分類知識”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎如此簡單，以至于人們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們在多年前沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)；然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn))。由此可知，B項“一定先于導致細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用科學”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學。另一個是為了將知識用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或創(chuàng)造新的消費品。在這種情況下，知識被用于經(jīng)濟用途，這種方法被稱為應(yīng)用科學)，因此C項“純科學”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:做理論研究的科學家不必為忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用方面而受到指責。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(許多致力于純科學的科學家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實際一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A項正確。B:現(xiàn)在很少有人對科學的含義有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科學這個詞在現(xiàn)代是經(jīng)常聽到的，幾乎每個人都對它的含義有一些概念)，由此可知B項錯誤。C:在科學領(lǐng)域，不難辨別虛實。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科學中，區(qū)分事實和虛構(gòu)并不總是容易的)，因此C項錯誤。D:有實踐頭腦的人能理解純科學的定義和目標。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有時，有實踐頭腦的人忽視了純科學的意義，而只考慮即時的經(jīng)濟回報)，由此可知D項錯誤。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段探討科學的本質(zhì)，最后一段探討科學家的本質(zhì)，因此A項“科學和科學家的本質(zhì)”最適合做文章標題。

17.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas(萬靈藥).Therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

41.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotknownbecause（）.

42.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）.

43.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

44.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）.

45.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

問題1選項

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem

D.benefitsfromwinningalawsuitmaynotbeenoughtocovertheexpenses

問題2選項

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninthehiringprocess

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob

問題3選項

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

問題4選項

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementsinthepast

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination

D.therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationissue

問題5選項

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】41.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句casesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.（許多年齡歧視沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)）說出了事實，接下來第三段開始說明原因。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.（其他群體不提出訴訟主要是因為訴訟費遠遠超過潛在的利益。）由此可知，許多年齡歧視的案例未被發(fā)現(xiàn)主要是因為提出訴訟的價格高，而給本人帶來的利益也有限。因此D選項“打贏官司的好處可能不足以支付費用”正確，符合題意。A選項“年齡歧視法是最近才出臺的”，B選項“除白人外，其他受歧視的群體不起訴”根據(jù)原文Mostofthosewho