考研考博-英語-四川現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

WiththeextensionofdemocraticrightsinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturyandtheensuingdeclineoftheFederalistestablishment,anewconceptionofeducationbegantoemerge.Educationwasnolongeraconfirmationofapre-existingstatus,butaninstrumentintheacquisitionofhigherstatus.Foranewgenerationofupwardlymobilestudents,thegoalofeducationwasnottopreparethemtolivecomfortablyintheworldintowhichtheyhadbeenborn,buttoteachthemnewvirtuesandskillsthatwouldpropelthemintoadifferentandbetterworld.Educationbecametraining;andthestudentwasnolongerthegentleman-in-waiting,butthejourneymanapprenticefor-upwardmobility.

Inthenineteenth,centuryacollegeeducationbegantobeseenasawaytogetaheadintheworld.Thefoundingoftheland-grantcollegesopenedthedoorsofhighereducationtopoorbutaspiringboysfromnon-Anglo-Saxon,working-classandlower-middle-classbackgrounds.Themythofthepoorboywhoworkedhiswaythroughcollegetosuccessdrewmillionsofpoorboystothenewcampuses,Andwiththisshift,educationbecamemorevocational:itsobjectwastheacquisitionofpracticalskillsandusefulinformation.

Forthegentleman-in-waiting,virtueconsistedaboveallingraceandstyle,indoingwellwhatwasappropriatetohisposition;educationwasmerelyawayofacquiringpolish.Andvicewasmanifestedingracelessness,awkwardness,inbehavinginappropriately,discourteously,orostentatiously.Fortheapprentice,however,virtuewasevidencedinsuccessthroughhardwork.Therequisitequalitiesofcharacterwerenotgraceorstyle,butdrive,determination,andasharpeyeforopportunity.Whilecasualliberalityandevenprodigalitycharacterizedthegentleman,frugality,thrift,andself-controlcametodistinguishthenewapprentice.Andwhilethegentlemandidnotaspiretoahigherstationbecausehisstationwasalreadyhigh,theapprenticewascontinuallybecoming,striving,strugglingupward.Failurefortheapprenticemeantstandingstill,notrising.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thedifferencebetween"gentleman-in-waiting"and"journeyman"isthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,land-grantCollege

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantfora“gentleman-in-waiting”？

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.Democraticideasstartedwitheducation.

B.Federalistswereopposedtoeducation.

C.Neweducationhelpedconfirmpeople'ssocialstatus.

D.Oldeducationhadbeenintunewithhierarchicalsociety.

問題2選項

A.educationtrainedgentleman-in-waitingtoclimbhigherladders

B.journeymanwasreadytotakewhateverwasgiventohim

C.gentleman-in-waitingbelongedtoafixedandhighsocialclass

D.journeymancoulddopracticallynothingwithouteducation

問題3選項

A.belongedtotheland-owningclass

B.enlargedthescopeofeducation

C.wasprovidedonlytothepoor

D.benefitedallbuttheupperclass

問題4選項

A.Manners.

B.Education.

C.Moral.

D.Personality.

問題5選項

A.EducationandProgress

B.OldandNewSocialNorms

C.NewEducation:OpportunitiesforMore

D.DemeritsofHierarchicalSociety

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Educationwasnolongeraconfirmationofapre-existingstatus,butaninstrumentintheacquisitionofhigherstatus提到教育不再是人們先前存在的地位的確定，而成了獲得更高地位的手段。選項D“教育不再是確定社會地位的手段”符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句Educationbecametraining;andthestudentwasnolongerthegentleman-in-waiting,butthejourneymanapprenticefor-upwardmobility提到教育成了培訓(xùn)，學生不再是等在那里的紳士，而是要提升自己經(jīng)濟地位的熟練學徒。由此可知，紳士與學徒之間的區(qū)別就是：前者不用將教育當成工具去努力爭取社會地位，因為他們的社會地位本來就高，選項C符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句Thefoundingoftheland-grantcollegesopenedthedoorsofhighereducationtopoorbutaspiringboysfromnon-Anglo-Saxon,working-classandlower-middle-classbackgrounds提到國家公立修建的學校為那些來自非盎格魯-撒克遜血統(tǒng)、工人階級和中下層背景的貧窮擔憂抱負的男孩們敞開大門。選項B“擴大了教育范圍”符合題意。

4.文章第三段第一句提到對于紳士，美德首先包含高雅和風度（Forthegentleman-in-waiting,virtueconsistedaboveallingraceandstyle），由此可知，選項A“行為舉止”符合題意。

5.文章通過對新舊兩種教育體質(zhì)下的學生進行比較，主要講的是新的教育觀念，并沒有涉及教育的發(fā)展、社會準則等問題。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

問題1選項

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問題2選項

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問題3選項

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問題4選項

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問題5選項

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段指出有許多因素影響經(jīng)濟功能的實現(xiàn)，第二段講政府對經(jīng)濟的作用，第三段講國際情況對經(jīng)濟的影響，第四段講人們的態(tài)度影響經(jīng)濟，第五段講還有其他影響經(jīng)濟的因素，而這些非常復(fù)雜，第六段講述對于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢相對應(yīng)的措施。綜上所述，本文講述的是影響經(jīng)濟運行的因素，A選項“討論影響經(jīng)濟運行的因素”正確。B選項“探究周期性經(jīng)濟衰退的原因”，C選項“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會中扮演的角色”和D選項“為挽救經(jīng)濟衰退提出補救措施”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機器越大，部件越多，發(fā)生故障的可能性就越大，維修成本也就越高。），結(jié)合該段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模龐大，非常復(fù)雜。），可知這里的機器指的是國家經(jīng)濟，B選項“國家經(jīng)濟”正確。A選項“國家的政治制度”，C選項“市場力量”和D選項“國家政府”：不是此處表達的意思，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…（所有的法規(guī)都會影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，往往會增加成本，降低利潤……例如，汽車尾氣排放標準……），可知這個例子是為了證明上面的論點，也就是國家法規(guī)可能會提高成本，影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，C選項“法規(guī)可能會增加成本，從而影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營”正確。B選項“國家政策傾向于降低利潤，抑制投資”：國家制定政策的目的不是限制企業(yè)的發(fā)展，而是為了維護公眾的權(quán)益，屬于偷換概念。A選項“政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟是有害的”：作者沒有表明這件事情有害，屬于無中生有。D選項“大多數(shù)法規(guī)并不是為了保護公眾”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.（在大量的規(guī)章制度中，大部分是為了保護公眾。），可知大多數(shù)法規(guī)是為了保護公眾，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature（恐慌，經(jīng)濟衰退和蕭條的原因很復(fù)雜），可知這是因為經(jīng)濟衰退的原因太復(fù)雜，有眾多因素，C選項“因為這背后有太多的原因”正確。A選項“因為沒有經(jīng)濟學家無所不知”：根據(jù)第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.（例如，造成上世紀30年代大蕭條的因素如此之多，以至于沒有經(jīng)濟學家能夠解釋所有這些因素。），這里表達的是原因太多，經(jīng)濟學家不能解釋，而不是強調(diào)經(jīng)濟學家知道的不多，屬于偷換概念。B選項“因為它總是伴隨著一段時期的繁榮”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.（幾個世紀以來，經(jīng)濟經(jīng)歷了一段又一段的繁榮和衰退。），這里指的是經(jīng)濟有起有落的這個現(xiàn)象，而不是經(jīng)濟衰退伴隨著繁榮，屬于偷換概念。D選項“因為很難預(yù)測它什么時候會到來”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.（經(jīng)濟如何運行，以及找到什么補救措施來保持其高效運行，這是經(jīng)濟學家的任務(wù)，他們必須與商人和政治家合作。），可知為了保持經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟學家需要與商人和政治家合作，D選項“與商人和政治家合作”正確。A選項“找出經(jīng)濟衰退的確切原因”：根據(jù)最后一段第一句thecausesofdeclineareuncertain（衰退的原因不確定），可知無法找出經(jīng)濟衰退的確切原因，屬于反向干擾。B選項“找到解決失業(yè)問題的方法”：根據(jù)最后一段第二句allindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment（所有工業(yè)化社會都通過政府努力穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟，保持繁榮，降低失業(yè)率），可知這是政府做的事，而非經(jīng)濟學家做的事，屬于張冠李戴。C選項“找出導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟繁榮的所有因素”：在這里沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs？

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen（）

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line4,Para.5)showsthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

B.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

C.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

D.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

問題2選項

A.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

B.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

C.areexposedtomorestress.

D.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

問題3選項

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.durableandfrequent.

C.irregularandviolent.

D.trivialandrandom.

問題4選項

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

C.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容，下列哪一項是正確的？根據(jù)原文第一段的第二句Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen…（與男性相比，女性在面對壓力時特別容易患上抑郁癥和焦慮癥）以及第二段第一句Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.（對動物和人類的研究表明，性激素會以某種方式影響應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，使處于壓力下的女性比處于相同條件下的男性產(chǎn)生更多的觸發(fā)化學物質(zhì)。）由此可知，C選項“從生理上來看，女性更容易受到壓力的影響”表述正確。故本題正確答案為C選項。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是：Dr.Yehuda的研究表明女性……。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.（女性壓力大的原因除了是因為激素增加導(dǎo)致壓力大外，還因為增加了造成壓力的“機會”。）由此可知，C選項“會承受更多的壓力”正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是：根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，女性面臨的壓力往往是？根據(jù)第四段第二句…womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.（女性所面臨的壓力更多是慢性或重復(fù)性的性質(zhì)。）由此可知，B選項的“持久的，頻繁的”符合原文表述。A選項“家庭內(nèi)部的，暫時性的”；C選項“不規(guī)律的，暴力的”；D選項“瑣碎的，偶然的”均不正確。

4.語義推斷題。題目問的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根據(jù)原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，Alvarez作為單身母親，有很大的生活壓力，她要照顧十幾歲的孩子，還要工作，付房租，付汽車費用，還要還債務(wù)。由此可見，她的工資早已捉襟見肘，難以支撐家庭開支。選項C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是：這篇文章最恰當?shù)臉祟}是？本文通過講述兩性在生理以及實際生活中的差異，描述了女性在壓力面前的表現(xiàn)，側(cè)重分析了女性壓力大的主要原因。A選項沒有集中于體現(xiàn)男女之間的差異，因此A選項錯誤；B選項只是表明男女之間在壓力方面存在差異，并未側(cè)重表現(xiàn)女性要面對更多壓力；C選項表示只是屬于造成壓力的其中一個因素，不能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。因此本題正確答案為D選項。

4.單選題

Noonewas（

）intheaccident.

問題1選項

A.injured

B.wounded

C.suffered

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項injure“傷害，損害”；B選項wound“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”；C選項suffer“遭受”；D選項handicap“妨礙”。句意：在這次事故中沒有人受傷。選項A和B都有受傷的意思，但injury指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，wound一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場上受傷，也可指對感情的傷害，所以選項A更加恰當。

5.單選題

Thecollegewasfirst（

）in1872,lateritwastemporarilyclosedforafewyears,andthenin1879itwasestablishedagain.

問題1選項

A.found

B.founded

C.organized

D.formed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這所大學最初建立于1872年，隨后被臨時關(guān)閉了幾年，然后在1879年再次被建立。

考查動詞辨析。Found創(chuàng)立,建立,創(chuàng)辦;founded（found的過去分詞）;organized（organize的過去分詞）被組織，被整理;formed（form的過去分詞）被形成。由后半句wasestablished對應(yīng)可知B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

世界上最幸福的十種工作很多職場新人都曾夢想找到一份理想工作，做喜歡的事，享受那份喜悅。而現(xiàn)實往往不盡人意，人們總是抱怨著自己的工作。本文為你盤點了十種最幸福的工作。

神職人員：最不諳世事的工作據(jù)說是最幸福的工作。

消防員：消防員的工作能給人們提供幫助，而80%的消防員都表示對自己的工作“非常滿意”。

理療師:社會互動和幫助他人明顯使得這份工作是最幸福的工作之一。

作家：對于大多數(shù)作家來說，他們的報酬少得可憐，或者根本沒有，但是寫下自己心中所想顯然會帶來快樂。

特殊教育老師：如果你不在乎金錢，特殊教育老師這個工作或許是個幸福的職業(yè)。

教師：盡管當前存在著教育經(jīng)費和教室條件的問題，一般來說教師們還是感到自己的工作很幸福的。

這一職業(yè)繼續(xù)吸引著年輕的理想主義者，盡管有50%的新教師都在5年以內(nèi)選擇轉(zhuǎn)行了。

藝術(shù)家：雕刻家和畫家據(jù)稱是工作滿意度最高的職業(yè)，盡管在這一職業(yè)上謀生有著相當大的困難。

心理學家：心理學家不一定能解決其他人的問題，但是似乎他們已經(jīng)解決了自己的問題。

金融理財銷售代理:據(jù)報道65%的金融理財銷售代理認為自己的工作很幸福。這大概是因為他們中的一些人在舒服的辦公環(huán)境中工作，每周工作40個小時，平均每年掙9萬多美元。

施工工程師：擺弄那些大型玩具可能是很有趣的，比如推土機、前載車、反鏟挖土機、刮土機、平地機、裝載機、起重機、大型水泵以及空氣壓縮機。同時施工工程師的工作供不應(yīng)求，這使他們感覺很幸福。

【答案】Formostauthors,thepayisridiculouslylowornon-existent,buttheautonomyofwritingdownthecontentsofyourownmindapparentlyleadstohappiness.

Despitethecurrentissueswitheducationfundingandclassroomconditions,teachersingeneralreportbeinghappywiththeirjobs.

Thecareercontinuestoattractyoungidealists,although50percentofnewteacherswillswitchtoanotherjobwithinfiveyears.

Sculptorsandpaintersaresaidtobethemostsatisfiedjob,despitethegreatdifficultyinmakingalivingfromit.

Thatcouldhavethereasonthatsomeofthemareclearingmorethan$90,000dollarsayearonaveragefora40-hourworkweekinacomfortableofficeenvironment.

7.單選題

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

問題1選項

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和詞組辨析。A選項acknowledging“承認”；B選項affording“買得起；給予，提供”；C選項allowingfor“考慮到，顧及”；D選項accountingfor“對……負有責任；對……做出解釋”。由前半句“Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation”（我們要花20分鐘才能到火車站）可知，是一個結(jié)果，所以該空處語義應(yīng)該為考慮到交通耽擱的話，則會導(dǎo)致晚到火車站。句意：考慮到交通上的耽擱，我們到火車站要花20分鐘。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

ThedominantmodelofAmericanlegaleducationremainsoneinwhichstudentsaretaughthowtoargueaggressively,withnoquartergivenortaken,andhowtofightanopposingviewpointwith（）technicalskill.

問題1選項

A.programmed

B.un-programmed

C.uncompromising

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。programmed“程序化的”；un-programmed“非程序化的”；uncompromising“不妥協(xié)的，堅定的”；promising“有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美國法律教育的主導(dǎo)模式仍然是這樣一種模式:學生們被教導(dǎo)如何進行激烈的辯論，不退縮也不接受對方的憐憫，以及如何以毫不妥協(xié)的技巧與對立的觀點進行斗爭。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”hesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.

Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.

The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish“well”or“verywell”aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.

Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethando（J.S-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.

RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”

AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica'sturbulentpast,today’ssocialinduceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“homogenizing”（Line2,Paragraph1）?

2.Theauthoragreesthatthe19th-centurydepartmentstores（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,immigrantsnowintheU.S.（）.

4.ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksarementionedinParagraph5to（）.

5.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis（）.

問題1選項

A.Identifying

B.Associating

C.Assimilating

D.Monopolizing

問題2選項

A.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption

B.becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers

C.playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture

D.satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite

問題3選項

A.exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture

B.arehardlyathreattothecommonculture

C.constitutethemajorityofthepopulation

D.areresistanttohomogenization

問題4選項

A.revealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants

B.provetheirpopularityaroundtheworld

C.giveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants

D.showthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture

問題5選項

A.rewarding

B.successful

C.fruitless

D.harmful

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.由inspiteof以及difference可知，homogenizing是difference的反義詞。選項中只有C項assimilation同化為difference的反義詞，故C項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite，’’thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.人們被19世紀的百貨商店所倡導(dǎo)的“消費文化”所吸引，這些商店“在優(yōu)雅的氛圍中提供琳瑯滿目的商品”?！斑@些商店”不是為知識精英服務(wù)的私人商店，而是任何人都可以進入的商店，無論階層或背景如何。這就把購物變成了一種公開和民主的行為。大眾媒體、廣告和體育是同質(zhì)化的其他力量。據(jù)此可知19世紀的百貨商店對于流行文化的傳播起了作用。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.”移民們很快就適應(yīng)了這種共同的文化，這種文化可能并不完全令人振奮，但也幾乎沒有害處。據(jù)此可知B項“移民對美國的共同的文化幾乎沒有威脅?！闭_。

4.作者意圖題。由第五段“RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”羅德里格斯指出，世界各地偏遠村莊的兒童都是阿諾德?施瓦辛格（ArnoldSchwarzenegger）和加斯?布魯克斯（GarthBrooks）等超級明星的粉絲，但“一些美國人擔心，生活在美國的移民在某種程度上仍然不受美國同化力量的影響?！睋?jù)此可以首先排除A項“揭示了公眾對移民的恐懼”，因為文中說到的是someAmericans與選項中的public是有區(qū)別的。B項“為了證明他們在全世界的有名”這句顯然不對，該句與文章的主旨美國移民無關(guān)。C項“給出成功移民的例子”這兩個人并不一定都是移民，而且本文討論的是美國在吸收移民方面的成功，如果作者舉這個例子是為了表明移民本身的成功，那就偏離了文章主旨。yet之后的內(nèi)容：然而，一些美國人擔心在美國的移民不受美國強大的同化能力的影響。其實這句話作者是想表明既然美國之外的人都崇拜美國人，那么何必擔心美國移民不受美國強大的文化的影響呢？言外之意是美國文化在包括美國在內(nèi)的全世界都有強大的影響。故D項正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段第一句“Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.”可知移民對這種文化機會沒有害處，故D項錯誤。本文作者從幾個方面講述了美國吸收移民的成功，比如新移民的家庭一般高于50%的人都擁有自己的房子；大多數(shù)移民在居住10年后，英語說得“很好”或“非常好”?！耙泼竦暮⒆油鶗f兩種語言，精通英語。到了第三代，大多數(shù)移民家庭的母語就消失了等等，故B項正確。本文并沒有強調(diào)移民對美國的好處，故A項錯誤。C項fruitless不成功的，明顯與原文內(nèi)容相反，故排除。故正確答案為B項。

10.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問題1選項

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語辨析。A選項arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項and用法使用錯誤，可排除。C選項and用法錯誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買……。結(jié)合句意，D選項and用法準確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項。

11.單選題

Ifitistruethatmoralitycannotexistwithoutreligion,thendoesnottheerosionofreligionheraldthe______ofmorality?

問題1選項

A.regulation

B.basis

C.belief

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。regulation“管理，規(guī)則”；basis“基礎(chǔ)”；belief“信仰”；collapse“倒塌，失敗”。句意：如果道德離不開宗教是真實的，那么宗教腐朽不就意味著道德喪失嗎？選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Ifthatdeskisatleast100yearsold,itisanauthenticantiqueandvaluable.

問題1選項

A.real

B.ancient

C.eminent

D.obsolete

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.real真的B.ancient古老的

C.eminent杰出的D.obsolete廢棄的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是antique“古董”，原詞authentic“真的”，并且原句得出該結(jié)論的條件是“如果那張桌子至少有100年的歷史”，由此原句表達的是該古董是真品而非贗品。因此，A選項real“真的”與原詞詞義最接近，符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原詞詞義。

【句意】如果那張桌子至少有100年的歷史，那它就是一件真正的古董，并且價值不菲。

13.單選題

Tworelativelyrecentindependentdevelopmentstandbehindthecurrentmajorresearch

effortonnitrogenfixation,(固氮)theprocessbywhichbacteriasymbioticallyrenderleguminous(豆科的)plantsindependentofnitrogenfertilizer,onedevelopmenthasbeentherapid,sustainedincreaseinthepriceofnitrogenfertilizer.Theotherdevelopmenthasbeentherapidgrowthofknowledgeofandtechnicalsophisticationingeneticengineering.Fertilizerprices,largelytiedtothepriceofnaturalgas，hugeamountsofwhichgointothemanufactureoffertilizer,willcontinuetorepresentanenormousandescalating,economicburdenonmodemagriculture,spurringthesearchforalternativestosynthetic(合成的)fertilizers.Andgeneticengi