考研考博-英語-唐山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為大學(xué)本科學(xué)位或繼大學(xué)本科學(xué)位之后的專業(yè)學(xué)位（諸如醫(yī)學(xué)和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在過去，沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的；從職業(yè)學(xué)?；蚬ぷ魃蠈W(xué)得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作。

3.在美國很多新工作要么要求大專學(xué)歷甚至研究生學(xué)歷，要么它們是經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)里（諸如快餐店，小商店和旅館）的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?；蛲ㄇ趤砩险n的一些學(xué)生通過遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)來完成至少部分課程，不過一個(gè)學(xué)生在從不在大學(xué)校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位。

2.單選題

Competition,theybelieve,（

）thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。enforce“強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”，confirm“確定”，intensify“使變得更強(qiáng)烈”，strengthen“增強(qiáng)力量”。句意：他們相信競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能增強(qiáng)民族性，而不是使民族墮落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Correctideasarenot（）inthemind,butcomefromsocialpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned

B.friendly

C.imparted

D.innate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)learned“博學(xué)的，有學(xué)問的”；B選項(xiàng)friendly“友好的，親切的”；C選項(xiàng)imparted“給予的，授予的”；D選項(xiàng)innate“先天的，固有的”，句意：正確的思想不是頭腦中固有的，而是來源于社會(huì)實(shí)踐。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.翻譯題

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone'slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.It'sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】樂觀和悲觀都是兩種強(qiáng)大的力量。我們每個(gè)人都必需選擇其一，用來塑造我們的觀點(diǎn)和期望。每個(gè)人的生活中都有很多好事與壞事，如足夠的悲傷與快樂，足夠的滿足與痛苦。這些都是形成悲觀和樂觀的合理基礎(chǔ)。我們能夠選擇是笑或是哭，是祝福還是詛咒。我們可以自己決定用哪種角度來看待生活，或者我們是昂首尋找希望還是低頭沮喪呢？我贊成昂首尋找希望。我選擇積極的一面，而且忽略消極的一面。出于本性，我選擇做一個(gè)樂觀主義者。

5.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“展示，安排”，B項(xiàng)layoff“解雇，休息”，C項(xiàng)laydown“放下，制定”，D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置，儲(chǔ)蓄”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞workers（工人）和employees（雇員）可猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力，因?yàn)闊捰凸と撕褪驮O(shè)備制造員工正在被裁員。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識(shí)到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesensedata,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus.Thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesensedatasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeinvisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherrefined,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickinginvisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths:suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesensedata.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduateinmillionthsofaninch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches.Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctpartsaperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobject.Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved.Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceintheexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.

3.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsensedata

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergy

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergy

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverse

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectrons

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.本文的主要目的是________。

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworldA.討論妨礙準(zhǔn)確感知世界的問題

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurementB.指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobservedC.比較和對(duì)照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservationD.表明感官觀察功能的有限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出視覺感知（visualperception）的極限在我們無法接收比單個(gè)量子能量傳遞的更小的感知數(shù)據(jù)，第二段提出科學(xué)家想到了一個(gè)辦法使用波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子（quantawithextremelylongwavelengths）也不能突破這種限制，第三段提出量子對(duì)物理學(xué)有重要的理論意義（importanttheoreticalimplications），也就是研究視覺感知而得來的啟示。綜上所述，本文在談?wù)撘曈X感知受到阻礙引發(fā)的一系列問題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處”：文章沒有提到計(jì)量單位，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“比較和對(duì)照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)”和D選項(xiàng)“表明感官觀察功能的有限”：只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.根據(jù)本文，波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子不能用來提供關(guān)于物質(zhì)世界的完整信息，因?yàn)樗鼈僟_______。

A.existindependentlyofsensedataA.獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergyB.沒有足夠的能量

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelengthC.用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長(zhǎng)的量子隔離

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandpositionD.提供的測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度和位置的方法不夠精確

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞completeinformation定位到第二段第二、三句，該處講到“對(duì)世界的完全準(zhǔn)確的感知（completelyaccurateperceptionoftheworld）還取決于我們想要感知的東西的長(zhǎng)度和位置的精確測(cè)量（exactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositions）。因此（Forthis），波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子是無用的?！?，可知其原因是它們不能準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量長(zhǎng)度和位置，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在”：文中沒有提到波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的能量”：文中沒有提到波長(zhǎng)極長(zhǎng)的量子能量不足，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長(zhǎng)的量子隔離”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.作者用孩子的畫作類比（第一段）主要是為了________。

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquantaA.說明由量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度的極限限制

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblemsB.顯示出科學(xué)家在面對(duì)重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliableC.預(yù)測(cè)那些科學(xué)家的反對(duì)意見，他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolorD.舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.1和信息詞child’sdrawing定位到第一段最后一句，該處講到“這就像一個(gè)孩子畫……一樣（Itislike）”，結(jié)合該段倒數(shù)第二句，該處講到“這些量子不能被進(jìn)一步細(xì)化，我們達(dá)到了一個(gè)點(diǎn)，超過了這個(gè)點(diǎn)，對(duì)世界的進(jìn)一步解析就不可能了?！?，可知child’sdrawing的例子是對(duì)該段倒數(shù)第二句觀點(diǎn)的佐證，也就是量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度有限制，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“顯示出科學(xué)家在面對(duì)重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感”：文中沒有提到科學(xué)家對(duì)此感覺很無力，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)那些科學(xué)家的反對(duì)意見，他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠”：文中沒有提到科學(xué)家有反對(duì)意見，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性”：文中沒有提到能量包和顏色的聯(lián)系，屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.作者的意思是，在物理學(xué)中區(qū)分主體和客體的方法________。

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergyA.在測(cè)量物體的長(zhǎng)度和位置時(shí)有可能，但在測(cè)量物體的能量時(shí)不能

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverseB.不再能非常準(zhǔn)確地描述對(duì)宇宙的觀察

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectronsC.在原子和電子這很小的范圍里，理論上仍然是可能的

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantumD.全然以量子論來觀察，這是可能的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞divisionbetweensubjectandobject定位到第三段，結(jié)合該段第三、四、五句，該處講到“在物理學(xué)中（Inphysics），主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同……然而，量子理論（Thequantumtheory）卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)（suggestsotherwise）……為了客觀地觀察自然，我們?cè)僖膊荒軐⑦@兩者清晰地區(qū)分開來（Wecannolongermakeasharpdivision）。”，可知作者認(rèn)為物理學(xué)的方法如今不再能客觀地觀察自然，需要舍棄，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“在測(cè)量物體的長(zhǎng)度和位置時(shí)有可能，但在測(cè)量物體的能量時(shí)不能”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第三句“在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同的（entirelydistinct），所以對(duì)宇宙任何部分（anypartoftheuniverse）的描述都是獨(dú)立于觀察者的?！?，可知在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體的區(qū)分在任何情況下都非常明顯，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“在原子和電子這很小的范圍里，理論上仍然是可能的”：對(duì)應(yīng)文章最后一句“即使對(duì)科學(xué)家來說，也只有在原子的世界里，這種新理論（newdevelopment）才會(huì)對(duì)對(duì)觀測(cè)結(jié)果的解釋有明顯的不同。”，這里的新理論指的是量子論，而不是傳統(tǒng)物理學(xué)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“全然以量子論來觀察，這是可能的”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第四句“量子理論卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)……構(gòu)成了觀察者和被觀察者之間的重要結(jié)合（importantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved）”，可知量子論的觀點(diǎn)和物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)相反，在量子論中，觀察者和被觀察者無法清晰地區(qū)分開來，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Thedevelopmentofhigh-technologiesatanunprecedentedspeedhasrenderedlotsofconventionalofficejobs（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suicidal

B.obsolete

C.available

D.profitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suicidal“自殺的”；B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的，有空的”；D選項(xiàng)profitable“有利可圖的，有益的”。句意：高科技以前所未有的速度發(fā)展，使得許多傳統(tǒng)的辦公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)辦公室工作過時(shí)/淘汰，B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時(shí)的”符合題意，其他選項(xiàng)都不準(zhǔn)確。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為公眾對(duì)于沖突的理解過于簡(jiǎn)單。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語來評(píng)估。高管們認(rèn)為，共識(shí)而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)?！笨芍麢C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識(shí)能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識(shí)）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的?？紤]到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性，高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定。”可知在非盈利性機(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ChinatownhasbeenthecenterofSanFrancisco’sChinesecommunitysincethe1850s.Itsboundarieshaveexpandedsignificantlysincethe1960s,andtheneighborhoodsbuilttherearegenerallyaffluent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plentiful

B.attractive

C.friendly

D.wealthy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent表示“富裕的，豐富的”；A項(xiàng)plentiful“豐富的，許多的”，B項(xiàng)attractive“吸引人的”，C項(xiàng)friendly“友好的”，D項(xiàng)wealthy“富裕的”。句意：自19世紀(jì)50年代以來，唐人街一直是舊金山華人社區(qū)的中心。自20世紀(jì)60年代以來，它的疆界大幅擴(kuò)張，在那里建造的社區(qū)一般都很富裕。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

11.單選題

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor（

）whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析題。四個(gè)詞都有事件的意思，incident指的是突發(fā)的，概率較小的事件；event指大型的活動(dòng)或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。

句意：在新年前夕，紐約市舉行了一場(chǎng)戶外活動(dòng)，吸引了100多萬人參加。根據(jù)參加的人數(shù)可推測(cè)活動(dòng)規(guī)模之大，所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

12.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證，確保（側(cè)重使人相信某個(gè)行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果）；使安全”；B選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證；擔(dān)保（指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證）”；C選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保（側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心，從而有達(dá)到目的的保證感）；使確信；弄清楚”；D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”。句意：為了___反對(duì)暴政的自由，我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達(dá)“確保達(dá)到反對(duì)暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

（）thestressofexaminationsareover,wecanallrelax.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Eventhough

C.Nowthat

D.For

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然考試的壓力結(jié)朿了，因此我們都能放松下了。

考查短語辨析。while雖然，然而，當(dāng)……的時(shí)候;eventhough雖然，即使；nowthat既然，由于;for為了，對(duì)于，適合于;因?yàn)椋ㄟ@個(gè)詞在表示原因時(shí)一般不放在句首）。分析句意可知前后句子為因果關(guān)系。故C符合句意。

14.單選題

Youshouldtreatthoseremarkswiththe（

）thattheydeserve,don’tgivethemasecondthought.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.disgrace

C.contempt

D.sarcasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。negative“否定；負(fù)數(shù)”；disgrace“恥辱；丟臉的人或事”；contempt“輕視；恥辱”；sarcasm“諷刺；挖苦”。句意：你應(yīng)該以那些評(píng)論應(yīng)得的輕視來對(duì)待它們，別再想了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Inotherwords,languageisnotnecessarytheprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit,justasFrenchisnottheprivatepropertyofFrenchpeople,norEnglishofEnglishpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inotherwords

B.necessary

C.justas

D.nor

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞使用。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，theprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit是句子的賓語且不是單個(gè)的名詞，而necessary是形容詞，一般充當(dāng)表語或者定語，放在此處不符合語法，所以應(yīng)該把形容詞necessary換成副詞necessarily，表示“必要地”。句意：換句話說，語言并不一定是講這一語言的人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)，就像法語不是法國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)，英語也不是英國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

16.翻譯題

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages；theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年，雅克?庫斯都敲響了警鐘，地中海正在死亡。庫斯都在法國南部海岸潛水時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)海洋沙漠，然而在幾年前這里盛產(chǎn)魚和海洋植物。他認(rèn)為造成此現(xiàn)象的原因是海邊建立的大型城市和工業(yè)中心排放的有毒物質(zhì)。庫斯都讓人們對(duì)海洋污染問題的關(guān)注越來越具體化了。到了20世紀(jì)60年代，泄漏的石油、化學(xué)物質(zhì)和污水將波羅的海地區(qū)變成了有毒的污水坑。從大西洋到中國海域，魚類貝類體內(nèi)積累了大量的重金屬和殺蟲劑，重金屬和殺蟲劑在魚類和貝類體內(nèi)沉積，食用了它們的鳥類大量滅絕，并且也會(huì)使人們中毒。

書籍對(duì)于人類的作用就相當(dāng)于記憶對(duì)于個(gè)人的作用。書籍承載了我們種族的歷史、時(shí)代的一些探索發(fā)現(xiàn)以及日益積累的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。書籍為我們描繪了大自然的美麗，幫助我們擺脫困境，在我們悲傷和痛苦時(shí)安慰我們，使疲倦的時(shí)光變得歡樂，使我們的大腦充滿各種思想和觀念，充之以美好快樂的想法，并且不停地超越提升自我。

17.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困，包圍”；A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查，測(cè)量”，C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”，D項(xiàng)surrender“投降，放棄”。句意：從羅馬淪陷開始的那個(gè)月，也見證了其他城市的淪陷，德國要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

18.填空題

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.語法分析。此處是否定回答。

2.語法分析。句意:我的是紅色那輛。此處為特指,所以用定冠詞the。

19.單選題

Thesecretarywasharshly（）byherbossformisplacingsomeimportantfiles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rebuked

B.teased

C.washed

D.accused

【答案】A

【解析】本題是動(dòng)詞辨析題。rebuked“指責(zé)”；teased“取笑，戲弄”；washed“洗滌”；accused“控告”，根據(jù)for后面的內(nèi)容“誤放了重要文件”，可知這位秘書會(huì)被老板責(zé)備，此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞rebuke的過去分詞rebuked，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：這位秘書因?yàn)檎`放了重要文件而被老板嚴(yán)厲指責(zé)了。

20.單選題

VI.LitigationProcedure

Methodsofservingprocessincivilcaseshavebothevolvedanderoded.InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.Eventually,arrestatthecommencementofacivilactionwasdeferred.Arrestwasthenreplacedwithsubjectiontothecourt’spowerbypersonaldeliveryofprocess,whichservedasthefoundationforonemodernservicemethodwhereaUnitedStatesMarshalpersonallyhandsthesummonstoadefendant.

Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”

Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.Asoneexpertinthefieldaptlydescribed:“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”

Althoughmostmodernservicemethodsarewelcomeimprovementstothoseofearlieryears(i.e.,notneedingtoarrestalldefendantsineverycivilaction),thisArticlearguestheservicemethodauthorizedbyRule7004(b)(1)oftheFederalRulesofBankruptcyProcedureviolatesadefendant’sdueprocessrightsundertheFifthAmendment.Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...totheindividual’sdwellinghouseorusualplaceofabodeortotheplacewheretheindividualregularlyconductsabusinessorprofession.”Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.

71.ThedefendantinacivilcaseintheUnitedStateshadbeennotifiedaboutthecaseinthefollowingwayBUT___.

72.Thelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeansthat___.

73.AccordingtoRule7004(b)(1),adefendantinabankruptcycaseisservedby___.

74.TheproblemoftheRule7004(b)(1)forservingasummonsisthefollowing,except___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyUSMarshal

B.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyanyoneabove18notapartytothelawsuit

C.summonsandcomplaintbeleftatthedefendant’sdwelling

D.arrested

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.summoningprocessisthecourt’sassertionofpower

B.deliveryofasummonsisnolongerasseriousasbefore

C.thereshouldbeaspecialformofsummoning

D.asummonsmaybesentwithablandmanilaenvelopetogetherwithaloveletter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.registeredmail

B.personaldelivery

C.firstclassmail

D.firstclassmailpostagetobepaid

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thedefendantisnotnotified

B.Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt

C.Nowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned

D.Nowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.（在中世紀(jì)的英國，逮捕被告在民事訴訟開始時(shí)是很常見的。雖然逮捕確實(shí)提供了通知，但其主要目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)法院對(duì)被告人的實(shí)際權(quán)力的主張）可知逮捕是在中世紀(jì)的英國而不是美國，D選項(xiàng)“逮捕”符合題意；第二段Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsol