考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Nervousaboutflyinginplanes,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thirtyyearsagopeopleknewnothingofspacetravel

B.peopleknewnothingofspacetravelthirtyyearsago

C.spacetravelwasunknownbypeoplethirtyyearsago

D.becausepeopleknewnothingofspacethirtyyearsago

【答案】B

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)時(shí)間狀語要放在句尾，跟前面句型保持一致；B選項(xiàng)正確，前面說的是nervous，也就是人們擔(dān)心，因此后面也必須先出現(xiàn)人們；C選項(xiàng)主謂不一致，可排除；D選項(xiàng)缺少成分。句意：坐飛機(jī)感到緊張……。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Mintisanherbthatiswellknownforthearomaticoildistilledfromallpartsoftheplant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.fragrant

C.medicinal

D.flavorful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：薄荷是一種藥草，因其各個(gè)部位可蒸餾芳香油而聞名。aromatic意為芳香的。valuable有價(jià)值的，貴重的；fragrant芬芳的，芳香的；medicinal藥用的；有益的；flavorful可口的，充滿……味道的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

3.單選題

Theydidnotfind______topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worththeirwhile

B.itworthwhile

C.itworth

D.itworthy

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.worththeirwhile值得B.itworthwhile值得

C.itworth值得D.itworthy值得

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)find可知，findit+adj.+todo是固定搭配，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)干某事是……”，而worthwhile的搭配是itisworthwhiletodo（做某事是值得的），所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C項(xiàng)worth要與doing搭配使用；

D項(xiàng)worthy要與of搭配使用。

【句意】他們覺得為可能遇到的最壞情況做準(zhǔn)備是不值得的。

4.單選題

Whenthepartyfinishedat11o’clock,theballoonsmyunclehad（）atourdinnertablehadmostofthemexploded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blownup

B.blownover

C.blownout

D.blownin

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。blowup“吹脹”，本句意為“……叔叔吹脹放在餐桌上的氣球，大部分都爆了”，想要的表達(dá)的意思是吹脹的氣球爆了。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

InNewZealand,expertsareputtingforwardsuggestionstoreducesugarsweetened（）consumption,claimingthatitmaycontainunhealthyamountsofsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beverage

B.barbecue

C.blueprint

D.briefcase

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)beverage表示“飲料”；B選項(xiàng)barbecue表示“烤肉”；C選項(xiàng)blueprint表示“藍(lán)圖，行動(dòng)方案”；D選項(xiàng)briefcase表示“公文包”。由后文claimingthatitmaycontainunhealthyamountsofsugar可知，前面提到的內(nèi)容富含糖分，綜合對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有beverage可以包含糖分，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Peopleunderstresshaveperformed（

）featsofstrengthlikeliftinganautomobileoffanaccidentvictim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.extraordinary

C.abrupt

D.abnormal

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。extraordinary“不平常的；非凡的”;specific“特有的，特種的”；abrupt“突然的，意外的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的”。句意：人們?cè)谟袎毫Φ那闆r下表現(xiàn)出非凡的力量，比如把一輛汽車從交通事故的受害者身上搬開。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

AfulfillingmarriagebeginswhentwopeoplemaketimetogethertheirNo.1priority.Ifwehopetofindlove,wemustfirstfindtimeforloving.Unfortunately,currentpsychologyrestsonthemodeloftheindependentego.Tomakealastingmarriagewehavetoovercomeself-centeredness.WemustgobeyondwhatpsychologistAbrahamMaslowcalled“self-actualization”to“us-actualization”.Wehavetolearntoputtimewhereloveis.Thelastingmarriageisneversureoftheseparate“selves”thatmakeitup.Butithascompleteconfidencethattherelationshipwillgrowinanever-endingprocessoflearning.Thereisapowerfulhealingenergythatemanatesfromloving.Lastinglovecanlearntosenseit,senditandmakeitgrow.Weareenergizedbyloveifweputourenergyintoloving.

【答案】當(dāng)兩個(gè)人都把抽出時(shí)間多聚在一起作為他們的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)時(shí)，一段美滿的婚姻就開始了。如果我們希望找到愛，我們首先必須找到時(shí)間去愛。遺憾的是，當(dāng)前的心理學(xué)依賴于獨(dú)立自我的模式。為了維持長久的婚姻，我們必須克服以自我為中心的思想。我們必須超越心理學(xué)家亞伯拉罕?馬斯洛所說的“自我實(shí)現(xiàn)”而轉(zhuǎn)向“共同實(shí)現(xiàn)”。我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把時(shí)間放在愛上。持久的婚姻永遠(yuǎn)無法確定組成婚姻的獨(dú)立“自我”。但有一點(diǎn)可以確信的是，這種關(guān)系將在一個(gè)永無止境的學(xué)習(xí)過程中成長。有一種強(qiáng)大的治愈能量來自于愛。持久的愛可以使人學(xué)會(huì)感知，釋放并使這種能量增長。如果我們把精力投入到愛中，我們就會(huì)受到愛的激勵(lì)。

8.單選題

Theconsequencesofthisill-advisedpolicyarealreadyknowntoallofushere,（

）tosaythatwehavesufferedmorelossesinthismonththaninthethreepreviousyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuffice

B.sufficesit

C.sufficeit

D.itissuffice

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。suffice(it)tosay“說得夠多了”。句意：這項(xiàng)不明智政策的后果已經(jīng)人盡皆知，不必再多說什么，我們這個(gè)月所遭受的損失比前三年的還多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動(dòng)物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動(dòng)物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動(dòng)物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動(dòng)物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項(xiàng)D“許多動(dòng)物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動(dòng)物工具使用者，因?yàn)椤?。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點(diǎn)的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時(shí)候會(huì)推著堅(jiān)果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會(huì)帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“森林靈長類動(dòng)物和海洋中的某些動(dòng)物被用來作為動(dòng)物使用工具的例子，下列哪項(xiàng)不包含在內(nèi)”。文章第二段提到動(dòng)物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，還有動(dòng)物用工具來準(zhǔn)備食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石頭來砸堅(jiān)果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具來趕跑敵人。由此可知只有選項(xiàng)D沒有提及，符合題意。

10.單選題

Thelessonforallofusisthatwedobetterforourselvesandourcommunitiesifwepatronizesmallbusinessesanduselocaltaxdollarstoencouragelocalentrepreneurs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.augment

B.proceed

C.evolve

D.sponsor

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.augment增加，提高B.proceed繼續(xù)做（或從事、進(jìn)行）

C.evolve（使）逐漸形成，逐步發(fā)展D.sponsor贊助

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】patronize的意思為“贊助，資助”，和smallbusinesses構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，指的是拿資金來支持小企業(yè)，sponsor與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】我們所有人得到的教訓(xùn)是，如果我們贊助小企業(yè)，用當(dāng)?shù)囟愂盏腻X來鼓勵(lì)當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)家，我們?yōu)闀?huì)自己和我們的社區(qū)做得更好。

11.單選題

BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coexistence

B.coincidence

C.correlation

D.compatibility

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。congeniality表示“同性質(zhì)；適意”。A項(xiàng)coexistence“共存”，B項(xiàng)coincidence“巧合，一致”，C項(xiàng)correlation“相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)”，D項(xiàng)compatibility“兼容”。句意：對(duì)于因?yàn)橛^點(diǎn)一致而選擇對(duì)方成為朋友的法國人來說，活躍的爭論和激烈的論斷是他們生活中不可缺少的東西。根據(jù)句意，該題選D正確。

12.寫作題

Directions:InthefollowingisanEnglishProverb“Onlythewearerknowswheretheshoepinches”.Presentyouropinionsontheproverb,usingreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.Writeacompositionofabout350words,providingatitleforyourcomposition.

【答案】【略】

13.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（

）aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)定”；B選項(xiàng)issue“發(fā)行”；C選項(xiàng)deliver“交付”；D選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)”。

句意：為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺(tái)了一系列政策。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境，所以正確。

14.翻譯題

Thedimensionsoftourismareastonishing.In2012，theU.N.tourismorganizationcelebratedreaching1billioninternationaltripsinasingleyear.Ingrosseconomicpoweritisinthesamecompanyasoil,energy,financeandagriculture.Atleastoneoutofeverytenpeoplearoundtheworldisemployedbytheindustry,accordingtoWolfgangWeinzoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.

Travelhasalsobecomeadefaultfund-raisingtechnique.（1）Todaypoornationsseetourismastheirbestbetoutofpoverty，secondonlytooilandenergyasthemajorengineofdevelopment.Thailandistheworld’sbiggestexporterofrice,yetitstourismisitsnum-ber-onemoneyearner.CostaRicahasturneditswildernessintoavenueforhighlyprofita-bleecotcurism.AssoonasSriLanka,andnowBurma，beganseeinganendtoconflict,theyopenedthedoortoarushoftourists.AftertheArabSpringuprising,Egyptsentoutapleatocruisecompaniesandtouroperatorstoreturnandkick-starttheeconomy

（2）TheU.N.tourismorganizationnowplacespovertyreductionasoneofitstopob-jectives，alongwiththehigh-mindedidealsofimprovinginternationalpeaceandprosperi-ty.SincetheendoftheColdWarandtheopeningoftheworldfortravel，tourismhasbe-comeanimportantsourceofforeignexchangefortheworld’spoorestnations,oftentheonlyone.Whiletourismrequiressomeinfrastructure,fromairfieldstomodernhigh-ways.Itislessexpensivethanbuildingfactories.Intheory,poorcountriesshouldbeabletousethenewrevenuefromthetourismindustrytopayfortheinfrastructurewhileraisingstandardsoflivingandimprovingtheenvironment.Onehundredoftheworld’spoorestna-tionsdoearnupto5percentoftheirgrossnationalproductfromforeigntouristswhomar-velattheirexoticcustoms，buysuitcasesofsouvenirsandtakeinnumerablephotographsofstunninglandscapes.

（3）Butjustastourismiscapableofliftinganationoutofpoverty，itisjustaslikelytopollutetheenvironment，reducestandardsoflivingforthepoorbecausetheprofitsgotointernationalhotelchainsandcorruptlocalelites，andcatertotheworstoftourism,in-cludingcondemningchildrentheexploitationofsextourism.Likeanymajorindustry,tourismhasaseriousdownside,especiallysincetourismandtravelisunderestimatedasaglobalpowerhouse，itsstudyandregulationisspottyatbest.（4）Tourism

isoneofthosedouble-edgedswordsthatmaylooklikeaneasywaytoearndesperatelyneededmoneybutcanravagewildernessareasandunderminenativeculturestofitintopackagetours:afifteen-minutesnippetofaballetperformedinSouthernIndia；nativehandicraftsrefashionedtofitoversizetour-ists.Whatisknownisthattourismandtravelisresponsiblefor5.3percentoftheworld’scarbonemissionsandthedegradationofnearlyeverytropicalbeachintheworld.

Tomakewayformoreresortswithspectacularviews，developersdestroynativehabi-tatsandignorelocalconcerns.（5）Preservationistsdecrythegrowingpropensitytobulldozeoldhotelsandbuildingsinfavorofconstructingnewresorts，waterholesandentertain-mentspotsthatlookidenticalwhetherinSingapore，DubaiorJohannesburg，aworldwherediversityisreplacedwithhomogeneity.Anothercatastropheforcountriesbettingontourismhascomefromwealthyvacationerswhofallinlovewithacountryandbuysomanysecondhousesthatlocalscannolongeraffordtoliveintheirowntownsandvillages.

【答案】（1）現(xiàn)今的貧窮國家將旅游業(yè)視為擺脫貧困的最佳方法，僅次于石油和能源這兩個(gè)重要的發(fā)展引擎。

（2）聯(lián)合國旅游組織現(xiàn)在將扶貧和增進(jìn)國際和平與繁榮的高尚理想一起作為其首要目標(biāo)之一。

（3）但是，正如旅游業(yè)能幫助一個(gè)國家擺脫貧困，它同樣有可能污染環(huán)境、降低貧困人群的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是旅游業(yè)的收益都流向了國際連鎖酒店，并使當(dāng)?shù)氐恼茩?quán)人物腐化墮落。

（4）旅游業(yè)是眾多雙刃劍之一。旅游業(yè)看起來像是一種賺取急用錢的簡單方法，但它也能破壞野生地區(qū)，弱化本土文化以適應(yīng)旅游團(tuán)體。

（5）為了建造新的度假勝地、酒吧和娛樂場所，老酒店和老建筑都被推倒。無論是在新加坡、迪拜或約翰內(nèi)斯堡，這些新建的景區(qū)、建筑看起來都完全一樣。保護(hù)主義者對(duì)這種日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢(shì)加以譴責(zé)。

15.填空題

The18th-centuryGeneva-bornphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseaupromoteda(n)________viewofeducationthatemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualself-expression.(influence)

【答案】influential

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的a(n)和橫線后的view，可知橫線處為形容詞，用來形容view。influential的意思為“有很大影響的”，符合語境，指的是盧梭的教育觀對(duì)世界影響很大。

【句意】18世紀(jì)日內(nèi)瓦出生的哲學(xué)家盧梭提出了一種有影響力的教育觀，即強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自我表達(dá)的重要性。

16.單選題

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoabout.It’sreallynotaproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workedout

B.workedup

C.workedover

D.workedagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；解決”；workedup“激動(dòng)的；生氣的”；workover“研究；檢查”；workagainst“違背；對(duì)……不利”。句意：我不明白你為什么這么激動(dòng)。這真的不是問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makeup“組成，編造，彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)fillin“填寫”；D選項(xiàng)leanon“依賴，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向當(dāng)局支付額外的金額，以彌補(bǔ)他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。makeupfor意為“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”，選項(xiàng)A正確。

18.單選題

Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe（）businessmeninthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewdest

B.sternest

C.nastiest

D.alertest

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管他沒有接受過正規(guī)的教育，但是他是這家公司里最精明的商人之一。

考查形容詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)形容詞的最高級(jí)。shrewdest最精明的；最狡猾的；sternest最嚴(yán)厲的;最堅(jiān)定的；nastiest最討厭的：最下流的：alertest最警覺的。根據(jù)前半句句意可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Ifwe______ourdifferencefactions,thentogetherwecangainthemajorityinthelegislature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amalgamate

B.manifest

C.alienate

D.deviate

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.amalgamate（使）合并；聯(lián)合B.manifest清楚顯示（尤指情感、態(tài)度或品質(zhì)），表明

C.alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)；使不友好D.deviate背離；偏離

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可推知，______ourdifferencefactions表示的是“把不同的派別合并起來”，因此該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】如果我們把不同的派別合并起來，那么我們就能在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得多數(shù)席位。

20.單選題

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，開頭提到了耳蝸植入裝置使許多使用者能夠在沒有視覺提示的情況下進(jìn)行交談，但對(duì)于神經(jīng)末梢退化或聽覺神經(jīng)受損的患者卻沒用。因此加州的研究人員正在研究一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸。接下來的內(nèi)容則是具體的這項(xiàng)新的研究，所以選項(xiàng)C“一種新的聽覺療法”最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.現(xiàn)在，加州的研究人員正準(zhǔn)備這樣做，這是一種可以直接插入大腦的植入式耳蝸?！痹闹械摹皌hat”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.進(jìn)入聽覺系統(tǒng)的后期?！彼赃x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神經(jīng)生理學(xué)家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已經(jīng)在使用這種新設(shè)備的貓?！庇纱丝芍?，DouglasMcCreery實(shí)際上是在展示新的設(shè)備，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

21.單選題

Itwas（

）wehadhoped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.muchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配morethan“超過……”，可排除選項(xiàng)C和D。又因?yàn)閣ehadhoped是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以用morethan+句子，表示“超過……”。句意：這是一次超過預(yù)期的成功。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

22.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(細(xì)長的火藥引線)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒，直到最后爆發(fā)”。第二段中說到人類在以前的時(shí)期增長并不高，有時(shí)出生率還低于死亡率，到了近期才出現(xiàn)快速增長，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“一段幾乎穩(wěn)定或略微減少的時(shí)期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段說到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社會(huì)處于滅絕的明顯危險(xiǎn)之中的原因是死亡率可能超過出生率，B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“從現(xiàn)在到2000年可能會(huì)增加22億人”對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段第三句與第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口從5億增長到40多億。據(jù)估計(jì)，到2000年，全世界將有62億人。通過數(shù)字相減可得A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“目前，每6個(gè)小時(shí)大約有5萬個(gè)嬰兒出生”，文中說到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之間，世界人口每年平均只增加5萬人。目前，這個(gè)數(shù)字每六個(gè)小時(shí)增加一次。但本句中只是說population人口增加，并不是嬰兒出生多少；C選項(xiàng)“從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在，人口每年大約增加8000萬人”對(duì)應(yīng)最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000萬，而不是每年會(huì)增加8000萬；D選項(xiàng)“公元前8000年到1650年之間的人口增長速度比1650年到現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度快”屬于反向干擾，現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度顯然更快。

第4題:4.作者意圖題。本文從歷史的角度出發(fā)，講解了各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期人口增長的變化，并列出了詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)，因此D選項(xiàng)“向我們展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增長圖景”符合文意。

第5題:5.詞義推測(cè)題。第一段第一句說到“populationproblem（人口問題）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即對(duì)應(yīng)growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Whenyouareinexcellenthealth,deathis（

）unimaginable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingbut

B.afterall

C.aboveall

D.allbut

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。nothingbut“只不過，只有”；afterall“畢竟”；aboveall“總之”；allbut“幾乎”。句意：當(dāng)你身體健康的時(shí)候，死亡幾乎是不可想象的。

24.單選題

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。outofquestion“毫無疑問”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫無疑問”；pastquestion“無可爭辯”。句意：隨著公司的擴(kuò)張，經(jīng)理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期對(duì)他來說是不可能的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

25.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Evidence,reference,andfootnotesbythethousandtestifytoascrupulousresearcherwhodoesconsiderablejusticetoafullrangeofdifferenttheoreticalandpoliticalpositions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trustworthy

B.intelligent

C.diligent

D.meticulous

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。scrupulous指小心謹(jǐn)慎的。trustworthy可靠的，可信賴的；intelligent聰明的；diligent用功的，費(fèi)盡心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。選項(xiàng)D與劃線部分意思最為接近。

27.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulled

B.leveled

C.erased

D.demolished

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pulled“拉；牽引”；B選項(xiàng)leveled“瞄準(zhǔn)；拉平”；C選項(xiàng)erased“抹去；擦掉”；D選項(xiàng)demolished“拆毀；破壞”。句意：街尾的那座老房子最近被……了。句中的oldhouse“老房子”最近被拆遷了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

28.單選題

32.Seniorstypicallyexhibitgreater[A]experience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerally[B]improvedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportantto[C]one’sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethan[D]dotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.experience-basedknowledge

B.improvedability

C.one’sability

D.dotheabstractabilities

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句用法。D選項(xiàng)前有than，說明這是比較狀語從句，前面的mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportant是另一比較部分，其中謂語動(dòng)詞是be，因此為保持一致，than后的部分倒裝形式的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞也是be動(dòng)詞，由于主語是abilities，因此把do改為are即可。

29.單選題

Despite[A]itisboththelargestand[B]thenorthernmoststate[C]intheUnitedStates,Alaskahas[D]thesmallestpopulation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.thenorthernmost

C.in

D.thesmallest

【答案】C

【解析】【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】當(dāng)表示地理位置關(guān)系時(shí)，in表示“在……里”；of表示“屬于……的”，內(nèi)含隸屬關(guān)系。阿拉斯加屬于美國的一個(gè)州，因此本題應(yīng)該將C項(xiàng)的