考研考博-英語-保定學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenover-looked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeoftheworld’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheeurozoneasawhole——arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalfoftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelasttwodecades.

EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowthcomedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosGavalleandIarguedinarecentreport,TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChina”overthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicad-vantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.

Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters;it’salsomarriage.AtleastintheWest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamilyintheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.

Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried；thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremiums”intheirin-come,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Rus-sia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomen，researchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.

Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathome;rather,thesizeoffamilies，andtheirstabilityandquality，hasimportantimplicationsforthehealthoftheglobale-conomy.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat（）.

3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.womenshouldbearmorechildreninordertoboosttheeconomy

B.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomy

C.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity

D.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyears

B.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommodities

C.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyears

D.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsworkforcepausestogrow

B.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfast

C.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadily

D.itsworkforcegrowsslowly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlife

B.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhave

C.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamilies

D.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesizeoffamilies

B.thestabilityoffamilies

C.thequalityoffamilies

D.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。本文開篇指出：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于家庭力量和承受力，也與生育和婚姻趨勢密切相關(guān)。因此，B項(xiàng)（婚姻和生育都會影響一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)）正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fiscalchallenges”定位至第二段：onereason...isthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades（一個(gè)重要原因在于生育率低于替代水平）。因此，C項(xiàng)（這些國家的人民多年來沒有足夠的子女來取代人口）正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段。第三段指出：中國獨(dú)生子女政策使人口增長放緩，而印度人口還在快速增長，因此，C項(xiàng)（勞動力持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長）正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出：當(dāng)孩子們在一個(gè)完好無損的已婚家庭長大時(shí)，更有可能從高中畢業(yè)，完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，并作為年輕人獲得豐厚的就業(yè)機(jī)會。因此推斷,選項(xiàng)A（來自完好無損的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能過上更好的生活）正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段指出，影響全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的其他因素還有家庭大小、穩(wěn)定性和家庭關(guān)系和諧度，分別對應(yīng)A、B、C選項(xiàng)，因此D項(xiàng)除外。

2.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

3.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)rectify“糾正”；B選項(xiàng)reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制，克制；避免；制止”；D選項(xiàng)reckon“測算，估計(jì)；認(rèn)為”。句意：一旦你認(rèn)識到自己的錯(cuò)誤，那么你應(yīng)該盡可能快地糾正它們。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣,從句為過去完成時(shí),主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),首先排除選項(xiàng)B和C。problem和solve之間是被動關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Butsheis______;she’lltakeallworriesaboutthehouseoffyourhands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.effective

B.efficient

C.effectual

D.officious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的”，B項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的，有能力的，生效的”，指毫不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢或精力的做好某事；C項(xiàng)effectual“奏效的；會應(yīng)驗(yàn)的”，指產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果；D項(xiàng)officious“擺官架子的，愛管閑事的”。根據(jù)句子后面部分的內(nèi)容“她會幫你卸下所有關(guān)于房子的擔(dān)憂”可知，空格處填入B項(xiàng)最符合語境。句意：但是她很有能力，她會幫你卸下所有關(guān)于房子的擔(dān)憂。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.案例題

BarbieDolls

Flashyclothes,theperfectboyfriend,aCorvette,Ferrari,fullsizeapartmentwithbeautifulfurnitureandaboat.She'sthewomanwhohaseverythingandeveryyearreceivesmore.Sinceherintroductionin1959,theBarbiedollmaybethemostinfluentialiconofAmericancultureinthelatetwentiethcentury.

（1）.Sheattractedlittlegirlsbecauseofheradult-likefeatures.Beforethis,childrenlookedattoyslikeYogiBear,HowdyDoody,andbabydollsforinspiration.Withthecreationof?Barbie,girlsnowhadanewtoytostimulatetheirimaginations.

Inthe1950smostwomenstayedathome,cooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirchildren;theydidn'tparadearoundintightlittleskirtsandhighheels.TheBarbiedollrepresentedindependenceandglamourshecouldsingsolosinthespotlightoneminuteandpilotanairplanethenext.ShewasexcitingandcompletelydifferentfromtheclingingBetsyWestsysandChattyCathysthatlittlegirlswereusedto.

InForeverBarbie:theUnauthorizedBiographyofaRealDoll,MG.LordtellsthestoryofBarbie'screators.RuthHandler,theyoungestoftensiblings（同胞）,workedasastenographerforParamountPicturesasayoungwoman.HerhusbandElliottdesignedlightfixturesandstudiedart.

（2）.TheHandlersbeganthefactoryintheirgaragebutquicklyexpandeduntiltheyhadhiredahundredworkerswhomadejewelryanddecorativeitems.WorldWarIIshortagesoflaborsoonputthemoutofbusiness.

Despitetheirfirstfailure,theHandlersdidn'tgiveupand,in1945,theyjoinedwithHaroldMatson,aformerworker,andtogetherthethreestarted"MattelCreations".Matson'slastnamealongwithElliot'swasfusedtogethertoformthenameMattel.

In1946,Matsonsoldouthisshare.TheHandlerswerenotdiscouraged,though,becauseoftheirstrongbeliefinfuturisticmaterialssuchasPlexiglas,Luciteandplastic.Theycontinued,lookingfortheperfectitemtomaketheircompanyasuccess.Littledidtheyknowthattheirpersistencewouldleadthemtoestablishamulti-millioncompanyinitiatedbytherevolutionaryBarbiedoll.

RuthHandlerfirstencounteredthemodelforBarbiein1955whilevacationinginSwitzerlandwithherfamily.TheLillidoll,acomiccharacterfromGermany,wasusuallyfoundintobaccostoresasathreedimensional（三維的）pinup（掛在墻上的照片,玩偶等）.Ruthbroughtbacktwodolls,oneforherdaughterBarbara,andoneforherself.

（3）.Handlerrecalls:"ThroughtheirplayBarbaraimaginedtheirlivesasadults.Theyusedthedollstoreflecttheadultworldaroundthem.Theywouldsitandcarryonconversations,makingthedollsrealpeople.Ithoughtifonlywecouldtakethisplaypatternandthreedimensionalizeit,wewouldhavesomethingveryspecial."

BarbiedebutedattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityinthewinterof1959.Butinherunseasonableblack-and-whitestripedswimsuit,thedolldidnotimpresstoybuyers.EvenScars,Mattersbiggestcustomer,refusedtoputthesexydollontheirshelves.LordsaysitwasMattel'sadvertisingstrategyaimedatthechildrenthatfinallypavedthewayforBarbie'ssuccess.

The1950swasabigdecadeforchildculture.DisneylandhadopenedinJulyof1955,andWaltDisney'sMickeyMouseClubtelevisionserieswasahitforchildrenundertheageof12.ManufacturersandretailershadaimedtoyadvertisingatparentsinthepastwiththefocusduringChristmasseason.Butoncechildrenactuallysawtoysadvertisedontelevision,toysbecameabigbusiness.Televisionadvertisementswiththechild-as-a-consumerrevolutionizedthetoyindustryinthetwentiethcentury.

Barbiewasafantasy.Inabordercityitwasraretoencounterawhite,blue-eyedperson."Maybethat'swhyIwassoattractedtoher."Mostlittlegirlscouldn'twaittogettheirhandsonBarbiebecausetheyhadneverencounteredadollwithsuchanenormouswardrobe.

AngelaLoya,anengineerandBarbiecollectorfromHouston,idolizedBarbiebecauseofherindependence.Shesaidinaninterview,"Barbiewasdesignedforwomenbywomen.Ittaughtuswhatwasexpectedfromusbysociety.Shehaditall...theclothes,theboyfriendandwhatevercareershewanted.Shewasthesymbolofpost-warfemaleindependence."

（4）.LordquotesRuthHandlerassaying,"Pregnancy（懷孕）wouldneverbepartofBarbie'sphysique,becauseBarbiewouldnotcompromiseherfreedom.Justasshedidnotdependonparents,shewouldnothaveoffspringdependentonher."

Barbie'ssexyimagealsoraisedquestionsamongbothchildrenandparents.ManyparentsstilldidnottalkaboutsextotheirchildrenandnakedbabydollsusuallydidnotsparkgreatinterestBarbiedollschangedthis.

Some700millionBarbiedollshavebeensoldsince1959inover140countries.Yearlysalesexceededthe$1billionmarkin1993.RetailexpertsestimatethatthetypicalAmericangirlownsanaverageofeightBarbiedolls.AndthedollhasherownHallofFameinPaloAlto,California,whereacollectionofover20,000Barbiesawaitsvisitors.

（5）.Achild'simaginationcantakeBarbieanywhere.Sheeasilycanbeadoctorbysimplyconvertingherhotpinkkitchenintoanoperatingroom.Tissueboxesandpackingcartonsmakegreatfurnitureandapartmentcomplexes.Achildreallydoesn'tneedthefancycarsordollhousestomakeherdreamscomealive:allthatisreallyneededisanimagination.

A.Barbie'sbiographerremindsusthatshewasnotdefinedthroughrelationshipsofresponsibilitytomenorfamily.

B.Barbie,namedaftertheHandlers'daughter,hasbecomethequintessential（典型的）Americandoll.

C.Barbie'ssuccessmaybeattributedtothefocusonchildrenasconsumersforthefirsttime.

D.AsecondcontributingfactortotherealizationofthisdollevolvedfromRuthwatchingherdaughterandfriendsplaywithpaperdolls.

E.In1937,theyhadmovedfromColoradotoCaliforniawheretheygambledtheirlifesavingsonaplantobuildPlexiglasfurniture.

Directions：Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatoetofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

【答案】（1）C

（2）E

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】

1.根據(jù)填空處下文的內(nèi)容可知,在芭比娃娃問世之前,孩子們的玩具是瑜伽熊,胡迪木偶和布娃娃。隨著芭比娃娃的誕生,女孩們現(xiàn)在有了一種新的玩具來激發(fā)她們的想象力。由此可以推斷填空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和孩子相關(guān),所以選項(xiàng)C芭比娃娃的成功可能要?dú)w功于它首次將兒童作為消費(fèi)者,符合原文邏輯。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,本段主要講的是芭比創(chuàng)造者Handler夫婦的故事。和他們相關(guān)的只有選項(xiàng)E。

3.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容：Handler回憶說:"通過游戲芭芭拉把自己和朋友想象為成年人。他們用娃娃來反映他們周圍的成人世界,他們會坐下來進(jìn)行對話,把洋娃娃當(dāng)成真人。我想如果我們能把這個(gè)游戲模式三維化,我們就會有非常特別的東西。"填空處應(yīng)該和孩子們玩的游戲相關(guān),所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容：懷孕絕不會成為芭比體形的一部分,因?yàn)榘疟韧尥薏粫盟淖杂赏讌f(xié)。正如她不依靠父母,她也不會擁有依賴她的后代。也就是說芭比不是通過對男性或家庭的責(zé)任關(guān)系來定義的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.最后一段的首句是總結(jié)句。芭比娃娃現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為典型的美國洋娃娃。選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.

B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.

C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.

D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。題目中majorin表示“主修；專攻”，A選項(xiàng)為“在天體物理學(xué)上取得更高的成就”；B選項(xiàng)為“完成你的天體物理學(xué)論文”；C選項(xiàng)為“以天體物理學(xué)為專業(yè)；專攻天體物理學(xué)”；D選項(xiàng)為“更好地了解天體物理學(xué)課程”。句意：要主修天體物理學(xué)，你就得再選擇一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)課。因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

充分發(fā)揮個(gè)體、私營等非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和活躍市場等方面的重要作用。放寬國內(nèi)民間資本的市場準(zhǔn)入領(lǐng)域，在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對外貿(mào)易等方面采取措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)公平競爭。依法加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督和管理，促進(jìn)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展，完善保護(hù)私人財(cái)產(chǎn)的法律制度。

【答案】Weshouldgivefullplaytotheimportantroleofthenon-publicsectorofeconomy,includingindividualandprivatesectors,inpromotingeconomygrowth,expandingemploymentandenliveningthemarket.Wewillrelaxmarketaccessfordomesticprivatecapitalandtakemeasuresininvestmentandfinancing,taxation,landuseandforeigntradetoleveltheplayingfield.Wewillstrengthensupervisionandmanagementinaccordancewiththelaw,promotethehealthydevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy,andimprovethelegalsystemforprotectingprivateproperty.

9.單選題

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。unanimously表示“全體一致地”；A項(xiàng)withoutanyobjections“沒有任何異議”，B項(xiàng)intheultimate“終于”，C項(xiàng)inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D項(xiàng)againstheavyodds“敵眾我寡”。句意：由于一些參議員的大力游說，這項(xiàng)法案獲得一致通過。根據(jù)句意可知，“一致”相當(dāng)于“沒有任何異議”，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項(xiàng)“描述統(tǒng)計(jì)和推理統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”跟選項(xiàng)B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的一類。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響?？芍狝選項(xiàng)“different”（不同的）正確。B選項(xiàng)“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項(xiàng)“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項(xiàng)“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)有一個(gè)“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機(jī)構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)這兩個(gè)詞源于同一個(gè)拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個(gè)有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項(xiàng)D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“height”沒有提及，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“Gender”（性別），選項(xiàng)C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項(xiàng)D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計(jì)該群體的特征。則B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測整個(gè)人口的特征”正確。

11.單選題

Theuseofnaturalgastogenerateelectricity—farfromperfectlycleanbutlesscarbon-（

）thancoaluse—hasjumped25percentsince2008.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inclusive

B.extensive

C.intensive

D.exclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inclusive意為“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；extensive意為“廣闊的，廣大的”；intensive意為“密集的，加強(qiáng)的”；exclusive意為“專有的，排外的”。

句意：自2008年以來，使用天然氣發(fā)電——遠(yuǎn)沒有完全清潔，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少——已經(jīng)上漲了25%。

12.單選題

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pretended“假裝”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“繼續(xù),重新開始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一個(gè)年輕女子一起來參加聚會,我猜想應(yīng)該是他的女朋友。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Otherfactors（

）tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causing

B.giving

C.contributing

D.resulting

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。cause“成為…的原因，導(dǎo)致”；give“提供，給予”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力，通常和介詞to連用”；result“導(dǎo)致，發(fā)生”；根據(jù)空格后的介詞to和句意‘（

）經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的其他因素是先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和更好的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)?！_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

WhenTasumafirstcametotheU.S.fromJapan,hewasn’tsurehecould（

）intoAmericanculture,butafterafewmonths,hefeltathomehere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorb

B.transform

C.digest

D.assimilate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。absorb吸引，理解；transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)換；digest消化，吸收；assimilate使同化，吸收。句意：當(dāng)Tasuma笫一次從日本來到美國時(shí)，他不確信自己能融入美國文化，可是過了幾個(gè)月，他在那里就感覺像在自己家似的。由“but…h(huán)efeltathomehere.”可知空格處意為“他不確定自己是否可以融入美國文化?！贝鸢窪

15.單選題

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.spontaneously

C.homogeneously

D.contemporarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；B選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地；自然地；不由自主地”；C選項(xiàng)homogeneously“同樣地”；D選項(xiàng)contemporarily“當(dāng)今；時(shí)下；眼前”。句意：光纜能同時(shí)地傳遞數(shù)以百計(jì)的電話交流。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕首外,貨箱內(nèi)裝滿陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分詞作狀語,花瓶應(yīng)該是被打碎的,所以用broken。

17.單選題

Afterthestormcausedrawsewagetoseepintothegroundwater,theWaterDepartmenthadtotakemeasuresto（

）thecity’swatersupply.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refine

B.revive

C.freshen

D.decontaminate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。refine“提煉，改善；revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)，使振奮”；freshen“使新鮮，使清爽，使有精神”；decontaminate“凈化，去除污染”，根據(jù)句意‘在風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)致未處理的污水滲入地下水后，供水部門必須采取措施（

）該市供水?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

19.單選題

Weneedtobemore（

）totheneedsoftheyoungstudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.sensational

C.sensory

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；sensational“轟動的，聳人聽聞的”；sensory“感知的，知覺的”；sensible“明智的，通情達(dá)理的”。句意：我們需要對青年學(xué)生的需求更加敏感。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：馬林是一個(gè)有獨(dú)立思考能力的年輕人，他對他的政治領(lǐng)袖阿諛奉承。根據(jù)固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B選項(xiàng)。句子中的時(shí)態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以后面的句子沒有必要用完成時(shí)。

21.單選題

Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dealwith

B.takeon

C.seekout

D.escapefrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)dealwith“涉及，處理”；B選項(xiàng)takeon“呈現(xiàn)，顯出（新面貌或新特點(diǎn)）”；C選項(xiàng)seekout“搜出，找出”；D選項(xiàng)escapefrom“逃脫”。從句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語動詞，其賓語為color，故B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：變色龍是一種爬行動物，它可以呈現(xiàn)周圍環(huán)境的顏色，因此不容易被看見。

22.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形針，圖釘和安金扣針全都散落在地板上。

考查動詞辨析。四個(gè)選型都是對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得亂七八糟;spray噴灑;separate使分離。因此A符合句意。

23.翻譯題

二十四小時(shí)的全天候時(shí)間表在改變著我們的生活方式。21世紀(jì)的辦公地點(diǎn)無處不在。我們外出度假時(shí)會隨身攜帶無線手機(jī)或手提電腦。有些人甚至把手機(jī)帶入音樂廳或會議廳，因?yàn)樵谒麄兛磥?，錯(cuò)過一個(gè)重要的商業(yè)信息是不可彌補(bǔ)的過失。二十四小時(shí)的超高速的“因特網(wǎng)時(shí)間”使我們無法靜心休息和思考。越來越多的企業(yè)行政主管開始把自己有時(shí)間睡覺作為吹牛的資本。對他們來說，地位的最大標(biāo)志在于無能力按照自然的生物鐘而非網(wǎng)絡(luò)鐘來工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

24.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在西方國家的有志之士都認(rèn)識到，不同文明之間應(yīng)學(xué)會共存，而不應(yīng)因文化上的不同而走向沖突以致戰(zhàn)爭。他們認(rèn)為，不同民族和國家可以通過文化交往與對話取得某種“共識”，也即有一個(gè)從“不同”到某種意義上相互“認(rèn)同”的過程。這種相互“認(rèn)同”是在兩種不同文化中尋找交匯點(diǎn)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上推動雙方文化的發(fā)展，這正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

25.單選題

Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas（）,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heighten“提高，升高”；B選項(xiàng)lift“舉起，抬高”；C選項(xiàng)flow“流動，流通”；D選項(xiàng)soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，隨著私人花園的支出飆升，公共公園的支出普遍下降。填空處填入的應(yīng)該是和declined相反的單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

26.單選題

Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.atpresent

C.bynow

D.forsure

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。句意:有時(shí)要多方思考由誰來接管公司。

onoccasion有時(shí)，偶爾。atpresent目前，現(xiàn)在。bynow至今。forsure確實(shí)，肯定地。attimes:有時(shí)，偶爾。故選A。

27.單選題

Thetermindustrialdesignwas________in1919bytheAmericanindustrialdesignerJosephSinel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.coined

C.inspired

D.inserted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.originated起源，發(fā)源B.coined創(chuàng)造，獨(dú)撰

C.inspired激勵(lì)，鼓舞D.inserted插入，嵌入

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處前面有be動詞was，和動詞的過去分詞形式共同構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，動作的執(zhí)行者是“美國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師約瑟夫?西內(nèi)爾”，動作的承受者是“工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)術(shù)語（term）”，由此可知，本句表達(dá)的是以前并沒有工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)詞，是約瑟夫?西內(nèi)爾在1919年提出來的。coin指創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的詞或短語，然后其他人開始使用，因此B選項(xiàng)coined“創(chuàng)造，獨(dú)撰”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)originated“起源，發(fā)