考研考博-英語-九江職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

3.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.He’llgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30.

B.He’dliketomakeanearlierappointment.

C.He’dliketocanceltheappointment.

D.He’dliketoseeanotherdentist.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Mytoothisbotheringme.WhencanIseeDr.White?

W:Howabouttomorrow?10:30OK?

M:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?

W:No.ButIwillcallyouifthereisacancellationbeforethen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士說：Isn’tthereanythingearlier?(有沒有辦法早點(diǎn)兒？)，由此可知他想早些看醫(yī)生。

2.單選題

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。分析題干可知ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，因此從句部分應(yīng)用had+過去分詞形式，故選D項(xiàng)。句意：“哦，我太困了不能學(xué)習(xí)?！??！班?，如果你昨晚沒有觀看那個(gè)晚場的電影的話，你不會(huì)如此困?！?/p>

3.單選題

（）sentfromFloridaforallthechildreninCabinSix.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acrateoforangeswere

B.Acrateoforangewere

C.Acrateoforangewas

D.Acrateoforangeswas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。acrateof“一箱；一筐”。謂語動(dòng)詞的變化要看有多少crate，多于一箱的，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；被修飾的名詞的變化還要看這個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果可數(shù)且為單/復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞對應(yīng)的用單/復(fù)數(shù)。題中orange“橘子”為可數(shù)名詞。句意：從佛羅里達(dá)寄來了一箱橘子給6號(hào)船艙的所有孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,allthepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.conscientiously

C.spontaneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。句意‘如果發(fā)生爆炸，飛機(jī)上所有的乘客都會(huì)喪命，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)隨著飛機(jī)起飛會(huì)爆炸的定時(shí)炸彈?！疊選項(xiàng)conscientiously意為“良心上”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously意為“不由自主地”；D選項(xiàng)instantaneously意為“即刻，馬上”，均與句意不符。根據(jù)本題的關(guān)鍵詞timed可知是與時(shí)間有關(guān)，A項(xiàng)simultaneously意為“同時(shí)地”，符合語境，正確。

5.單選題

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎”；B選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩”；C選項(xiàng)appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”。句意：有時(shí)候，藝術(shù)家發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的作品很難贏得大眾的欣賞。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

6.單選題

Anewtechnique（），theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)已經(jīng)解決，所以，整體的產(chǎn)量增長了20%。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整，因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此外，anewtechnique和workout之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此，此處應(yīng)該是過去分詞做狀語。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Investorssaytheydonotknowwherethebottomis,makinginvestmentintheUSassetsparticularlyperilous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clamorous

B.treacherous

C.ponderous

D.monstrous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.clamorous喧嚷的B.treacherous不可信任的；有潛在危險(xiǎn)的

C.ponderous慢條斯理的；笨拙的D.monstrous丑惡的；道德敗壞的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】前半句提到“投資者表示，他們不知道投資的底部在哪里”，說明貿(mào)然投資是比較危險(xiǎn)的，perilous表示“危險(xiǎn)的”的意思，B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】投資者表示，他們不知道投資的底部在哪里，這使得對美國資產(chǎn)的投資尤其危險(xiǎn)。

8.翻譯題

21世紀(jì)是一個(gè)將我們聯(lián)系在一起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代。無論我們愿意與否,我們的社會(huì)生活與經(jīng)濟(jì)生活已密不可分。我們意識(shí)到先進(jìn)的電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)使我們能夠跨越時(shí)空限制,利用以前難以想象的商機(jī)。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界己開辟了一個(gè)嶄新的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的天地,把我們帶入一個(gè)前所未有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能吋代。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能新時(shí)代表明,我們可以將自己的知識(shí)和創(chuàng)造力結(jié)合起來,取得經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和社會(huì)發(fā)展的新突破。

【答案】The21stcenturyisanetworkagebindingustogether.Whetherwearereadyornot,oursociallifehasbeeninseparablefromeconomiclife.Andwerealizethattheadvancedelectricalnetworkcanmakeuscrossthetimeandspacelimitationstotakeadvantageofthepreviouslyunimaginablebusinessopportunity.Thenetworktimehasopenedupanewworldforinnovationanddevelopment,bringingusintoanunprecedentederaofnetworkintelligence.Thisnewageofnetworkintelligenceshowsthatwecancombineourknowledgeandcreativityandmakenewbreakthroughintheeconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.

9.單選題

It’swellknownthatthebrainisafood-guzzlinggreedyguts,consuming20%ofthebody’senergythoughitonly________2%ofitsweight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accountsfor

B.contributesto

C.figuresout

D.makesupfor

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.accountsfor占……比例B.contributesto有助于，促成

C.figuresout想出，弄明白D.makesupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】though引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容所得出的某種預(yù)期應(yīng)與上文“consuming20%ofthebody’senergy（消耗著身體百分之二十的能量）”之間存在相反的邏輯關(guān)系，說明該預(yù)期應(yīng)為“消耗的身體能量很少”。通常來說只有占了很多的身體重量，才會(huì)消耗更多的身體能量，由此可知從句部分所表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“只占很少的身體重量”。accountfor指組成或形成某物的一部分，因此A選項(xiàng)accountfor“占……比例”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)contributesto“有助于，促成”指作為促進(jìn)某件事的因素，不能和“weight（體重）”進(jìn)行搭配；

C選項(xiàng)figuresout“想出，弄明白”指通過思考理解某事物或找到解決辦法，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)makesupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”指做出行動(dòng)來糾正或改進(jìn)某事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】眾所周知，大腦是一個(gè)狼吞虎咽的貪吃鬼，盡管它只占身體重量的百分之二，卻消耗著身體百分之二十的能量。

10.單選題

Ifwefindthegenesthatcontrolthehumanbodyclock，wecanperhapsslowthemdownandextendhumanlife（）alittle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expectation

B.terminal

C.expectancy

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expectation“希望，期望”，B選項(xiàng)terminal“航空站，終點(diǎn)站”，C選項(xiàng)expectancy“期待，期望”，D選項(xiàng)range“范圍，變化”，句意：如果我們能找到控制人體生物鐘的基因，我們或許就能放慢它們的速度，并稍微延長人類的壽命。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpoverty

C.criticizingthemotivesofpoliticians

D.alludingtoaparticularhistoricalevent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havepracticalandeconomicconsiderations

B.prefertobeindependent

C.cannotaffordtomarryandraiseafamily

D.donottrusteachotherlikehusbandandwife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.（低工資、長期失業(yè)和就業(yè)不足導(dǎo)致低收入、沒有財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)、沒有儲(chǔ)蓄、家里沒有糧食儲(chǔ)備和長期現(xiàn)金短缺。）從這里可以看出B選項(xiàng)“窮人最典型的特點(diǎn)就是一直處在一種危機(jī)狀態(tài)”正確；A選項(xiàng)“缺少進(jìn)入體面工作的技能”；C選項(xiàng)“對自己的貧窮負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任”；D選項(xiàng)“隔絕于主流社會(huì)”文章都沒有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段話Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.（他們的文化和教育水平低，不是政黨成員，一般不參加國家福利機(jī)構(gòu)，很少使用銀行、醫(yī)院、百貨商店和博物館。）從這里可以看出答案選C“他們有著相同的背景”。其他選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“窮人對自己的貧窮很自豪”；B選項(xiàng)“一些人的貧窮已經(jīng)成為流行的生活方式”；D選項(xiàng)“窮人里面也有很多等級和區(qū)分”文章都沒有提及。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段最后一句話Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.（這使得貧窮文化極有可能引發(fā)抗議并被某種政治運(yùn)動(dòng)利用來反對現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)秩序的。）由此可以推斷答案選C選項(xiàng)“批判政治家的動(dòng)機(jī)”。A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測窮人的起義”；B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用消除貧窮的原因”；D選項(xiàng)“暗指一個(gè)特定的歷史事件”都不符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三句Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense（男人沒有穩(wěn)定的工作或其他收入來源，那些沒有自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)，沒有財(cái)富傳給他們的孩子，面向現(xiàn)在和希望避免犧牲和因?yàn)榉稍螂y以參與正式的結(jié)婚和離婚，自由結(jié)合或雙方同意的婚姻有更多意義）和最后一段第五句Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.（女性覺得雙方自愿的結(jié)合給了她們更好的喘息機(jī)會(huì)；這給了她們一些男性所擁有的自由和靈活性。）所以答案選A“有一些實(shí)際和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的考慮”。B選項(xiàng)“更喜歡獨(dú)立”和C選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)不起婚姻和養(yǎng)育家庭”有點(diǎn)片面只說出男性或者女性的原因；D選項(xiàng)“不信任對方成為妻子或者丈夫”，這個(gè)文章沒有提及。

12.單選題

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divert

B.change

C.convert

D.derive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”；change“改變”；convert“使轉(zhuǎn)變”；derive“源于”。根據(jù)空格處后面的“from…to…”可知是將資金從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)地方，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thereareseveralmeans（）latitudeandlongitude.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.candetermine

B.todetermine

C.bythemcanbedetermined

D.weusethemtodetermine

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析句子可知，句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞thereare，因此空格處的動(dòng)詞determine應(yīng)用非謂語形式，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)是非謂語形式，故選B。句意：有幾種方法可以確定緯度和經(jīng)度。

14.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Rationally,weknowthatreadingisthefoundationstoneofalleducation,andthereforeanessentialunderpinningoftheknowledgeeconomy.Soreadingis-orshouldbe—anaspectofpublicpolicy.Butperhapsevenmoresignificantisitsemotionalroleasthestartingpointforindividualvoyagesofpersonaldevelopmentandpleasure.Bookscanhelpcreateandreinforceoursenseofself.

Ifreadingweretodeclinesignificantly,itwouldchangetheverynatureofourspecies.Ifwe,inthefuture,arenolongerwiredforsolitaryreflectionandcreativethought,wewillbediminished.Technologythrowsupasmanysolutionsasitdoeschallenges:foreverydooritcloses,anotheropens.Sotheability,offeredbydeviceslikee-readers,smartphonesandtablets,tocarryanentirelibraryinyourhandisanamazingopportunity.

【答案】從理性角度來講，我們知道閱讀是一切教育的基石，因此是知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本支撐。所以閱讀是——或者應(yīng)當(dāng)是——公共政策的一個(gè)方面。但也許更重要的是它作為個(gè)人發(fā)展和快樂之旅的起點(diǎn)的情感作用。書籍可以幫助創(chuàng)造和加強(qiáng)我們的自我意識(shí)。

如果閱讀能力顯著下降，人類的天性也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。如果我們將來不再被自我反思和創(chuàng)造性的思想所束縛，我們將會(huì)逐漸消失。技術(shù)提出的解決方案與挑戰(zhàn)一樣多：每關(guān)上一扇門，另一扇門就會(huì)打開。因此，由閱讀器、智能手機(jī)和平板電腦等設(shè)備提供的功能，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)將整個(gè)圖書館放在手中的絕好機(jī)會(huì)。

15.單選題

Janewasina______astowhethertomarryPaul,whowaspoorbuthandsome,orCharles,whowasrichbutugly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.stigma

C.dilemma

D.predication

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論，似是而非的論點(diǎn)”，B項(xiàng)stigma“柱頭，恥辱，污名”，C項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難，兩刀論法”，D項(xiàng)predication“斷定，聲明”。由poorbuthandsome“貧窮但英俊”和richbutugly“富有但丑陋”可知，ina______表示“進(jìn)退兩難”。句意：簡進(jìn)退兩難，不知是嫁給貧窮但英俊的保羅，還是嫁給富有但丑陋的查爾斯。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Noyoungmanbelievesheshalleverdie.ThereisafeelingofEternityinyouth,whichmakesusamendsforeverything.TobeyoungistobeoneoftheImmortalGods.Onehalfoftimeindeedisflown-theotherhalfremainsinstoreforuswithallitscountlesstreasures;forthereisonlinedrawn,andweseenolimittoourhopesandwishes.Wemakethecomingageourown.“Thevast,theunboundedprospectliesbeforeus.”Welookroundinanewworld,fulloflife,andmotion,andceaselessprogress;andfeelinourselvesallthevigorandspirittokeeppacewithit,anddonotforeseefromanypresentsymptomshowweshallbeleftbehindinthenaturalcourseofthings,declineintooldage,anddropintothegrave.

【答案】沒有年輕人相信自己會(huì)死去。青春有一種永恒的感覺，能彌補(bǔ)所有的一切。年輕就像不朽之神。誠然，生命的一半已經(jīng)消逝，但蘊(yùn)藏著不盡財(cái)富的另一半還有所保留，因?yàn)槲覀兪冀K抱著無限的希望和愿望。未來的時(shí)代完全屬于我們?！盁o限遼闊的遠(yuǎn)景在我們面前展現(xiàn)?！蔽覀兛吹剿闹芤慌尚绿斓亍鷻C(jī)盎然，無限變換，日新月異；我們覺得自己充滿活力，精神飽滿，與夢想并駕齊驅(qū)。而且，眼前也無任何跡象可以證明，在大自然的發(fā)展過程中，我們自己也會(huì)落后，變得變老，進(jìn)入墳?zāi)埂?/p>

17.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強(qiáng)調(diào)有兩個(gè)主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動(dòng)物研究總是報(bào)告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,由此可知答案為C選項(xiàng)’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開篇點(diǎn)題，講的是科學(xué)家對迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標(biāo)集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項(xiàng)‘研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明，致幻藥物通過作用于位于大腦目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來產(chǎn)生效果。‘正確。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)‘研究人員如何控制LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提及。文章是對動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但并沒有對比人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，所以選項(xiàng)B‘動(dòng)物對LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項(xiàng)D‘什么技術(shù)進(jìn)步能讓研究人員更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測LSD對行為的影響?’文章沒有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動(dòng)物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過釋放血清素來間接作用。所以確定A選項(xiàng)‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動(dòng)物注射LSD時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項(xiàng)‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究?！_。

7.題干提問作者的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)‘完全同意’；B選項(xiàng)‘不支持‘；C選項(xiàng)‘不予考慮的’；D選項(xiàng)‘無關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語氣進(jìn)行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會(huì)感染的”；A選項(xiàng)spreading“擴(kuò)散的”；B選項(xiàng)contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項(xiàng)contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項(xiàng)depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：問題是士兵們失去信心可能會(huì)傳染。因此只有A項(xiàng)符合。

19.單選題

Ifyoucanconvincetheinterviewerofyourspecialqualifications,yourchanceofbeingacceptedwillbegreatlyenhanced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciated

B.encouraged

C.frustrated

D.increased

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appreciated“欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)encouraged“鼓勵(lì)”；C選項(xiàng)frustrated“挫敗”；D選項(xiàng)increased“增強(qiáng)，提高”。句意：如果你能讓面試官相信你有所專長，那么你被錄用的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)大大增加。根據(jù)語境，D選項(xiàng)increased“增強(qiáng)，提高”搭配chance比較合理，并且和enhanced“增強(qiáng)”同義，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Singapore-basedcompanyPolychemyisusing3Dprinterstomakepersonalizedjewelry—thinknameplatenecklaces（）inadozenlanguages,orsportsteamlogopendants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.preferred

C.available

D.customizable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precious表示“寶貴的，珍貴的”，B選項(xiàng)preferred表示“優(yōu)先的，首選的”，C選項(xiàng)available表示“可獲得的，有空的，可利用的”，D選項(xiàng)customizable表示“可定制的”。由后文關(guān)鍵信息“inadozenlanguages”可知，這些銘牌是可以用十幾種語言表述出來的，因此，制作多種語言的銘牌是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，能做到的。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Asurveyearlierthisyearfoundthatabout50percentofSouthAfricansthinkthat“most”or“almostall”governmentalofficialsareinvolvedin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.robbery

B.violation

C.corruption

D.stealing

【答案】C

【解析】robbery搶劫，盜竊；violation侵害；corruption貪污，腐?。籹tealing偷竊。句意：今年早些時(shí)候的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約50%的南非人認(rèn)為“大多數(shù)”或“幾乎所有”政府官員都與腐敗有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

22.單選題

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto（）yourauthoritysooften.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。affirm“斷言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“聲稱；堅(jiān)持；維護(hù)”；maintain“保持”，根據(jù)respected“尊重”可知此處對應(yīng)的是“維護(hù)權(quán)威”，表示維護(hù)權(quán)威或者捍衛(wèi)權(quán)威是要用動(dòng)詞assert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：如果工人們尊重你，你就不需要總是維護(hù)你的權(quán)威。

23.單選題

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent（）music.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。talentfor“天才；有……的天賦”，其他選項(xiàng)都沒有這種搭配。句意：她在很小的時(shí)候就顯示出音樂天賦。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

MississippialsoupholdstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople；balmyyear-roundweatherandtruly（）cuisine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.horrible

C.amiable

D.delectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive“破壞性的”；horrible“可怕的”；amiable“親切的”；delectable“美味的”。空格處用來修飾cuisine（烹飪）這個(gè)單詞，前文是講密西西比為什么這么出名，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

25.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clarify表示“澄清，闡明”；B選項(xiàng)identify表示“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)justify表示“證明合法，替……辯護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)magnify表示“方大，贊美，夸大”。

由句意可知，購票者可以在網(wǎng)上購票平臺(tái)確定附加費(fèi)。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

26.單選題

Universitiesarefrequentlyjudgedonthebasisoftheaccomplishmentsoftheirprofessorsandscientists.Scientistswhopublish,therefore,bringprestigetotheircollegeoruniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.achievement

B.funding

C.wisdom

D.fame

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prestige表示“威望，聲望，聲譽(yù)”；A項(xiàng)achievement“成就，完成，達(dá)到”，B項(xiàng)funding“提供資金”，C項(xiàng)wisdom“智慧，才智，明智”，D項(xiàng)fame“名聲，名望，傳聞”。句意：人們常常根據(jù)教授和科學(xué)家的成就來評判大學(xué)；因此，發(fā)表論文的科學(xué)家會(huì)給他們的學(xué)院或大學(xué)帶來聲望。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definite

B.intentional

C.delicate

D.interactive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。deliberate“故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的”；A選項(xiàng)definite“一定的；確切的”；B選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；C選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)interactive“交互式的；相互作用的”。句意：有時(shí)，信息是通過故意的、有意識(shí)的手勢來傳達(dá)的；其他時(shí)候，我們的身體在不知不覺中說話。根據(jù)句中“withoutourevenknowing在我們甚至不知曉的情況下”可知deliberate在這里的意思應(yīng)為“故意的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.

B.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.

C.Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.

D.Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.

B.Mostworkerscouldaffordtohaveahouseoftheirown.

C.Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.

D.Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.

B.Deprivationofworkers’creativity.

C.Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.

D.Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingTwo

Free-marketcapitalismhasn’tfreedus—ithastrappedus.It’simperativeforustoembraceawork-placerevolution.Weareunlikelytospendourlastmomentsregrettingthatwedidn’tspendenoughofourlivesslavingawayatwork.[19]Wemayinsteadfindourselvesfeelingguiltyaboutthetimewedidn’tspendwatchingourchildrengrow,orwithourlovedones,ortravelling,orontheculturalorleisurepursuitsthatbringushappiness.Unfortunately,theaveragefull-timeemployeeintheworldworks42hoursaweek,welloverathirdofthetimeweareawake.Someofouralltooprecioustimeisbeingstolen:officeworkersdoaroundtwobillionhoursofunpaidovertimeeachyear.Soitisextremelywelcomethatsomegovernmentcoalitionshavestartedlookingintopotentiallycuttingtheworkingweektofourdays.

Thechampionsoffreemarketcapitalismpromisedtheirwayoflifewouldbringusfreedom.Butitwasn’tfreedomatall:fromthelackofsecure,affordablehousingtogrowingjobinsecurityandrisingpersonaldebt,theindividualistrapped.[20]Ninedecadesago,leadingeconomistspredictedthattechnologicaladvancesandrisingproductivitywouldmeanthatwe’dbeworkinga15-hourweekbynow:thattargethasbeensomewhatmissed.

Hereisthemostmalignantthreattoourpersonalfreedom,particularlyasthebalanceofpowerintheworkplacehasbeenshiftedsodramaticallyfromworkertoboss.Ahugeportionofourlivesinvolvesthesurrenderofourfreedomandpersonalautonomy.It’s