(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點過關(guān)練51《完形填空說明文》(含解析)

考點51完形填空說明文高考頻度：★★★★★說明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，綜合運用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識，進(jìn)行分析﹑推理﹑判斷的能力和語篇分析理解能力。檢測考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對英語語言知識綜合運用的能力。TheBeginningofDramaTherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedonthe

1thatdramaevolvedfromritual(宗教儀式).Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeings

2thenaturalforcesoftheworld—eventheseasonalchanges—asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeansto

3theseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedto

4thedesiredresultswerethenkeptandrepeateduntiltheychangedinto

5rituals.6storiesarosewhichexplainedormaskedthemysteriesoftherituals.Astimespassed,someritualswere

7,butthestories,latercalledmyths,continuedtoexistandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievedthatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritualscontainedthe

8oftheatrebecausemusic,dance,masks,and

9werealmostalwaysused.

10,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesand

11theentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,a(n)

12divisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe＂areaofactingandtheatreinwhichanaudiencesits＂.Besides,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewas

13toavoidingmistakesinthepracticeofrituals,religiousleadersusually

14thattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimitated(模仿)otherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimed(用啞劇表演出)the

15effect—successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun—

16anactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentativeswereseparatedfrom

17activities.Anothertheorytracesthetheater’soriginfromthehumaninterestin

18.Accordingtothisview,talesaboutthehunt,warorotherthingsaretoldandgraduallyspread.

19throughtheuseofactionanddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilygymnasticorthatare

20ofanimalmovementsandsounds.1.A.background B.assumption C.evidence D.theory2.A.viewed B.employed C.imagined D.dismissed3.A.take B.possess C.guarantee D.control4.A.start B.show C.bring D.continue5.A.usual B.direct C.convincing D.fixed6.A.Apparently B.Actually C.Eventually D.Naturally7.A.spread B.abandoned C.followed D.celebrated8.A.seed B.content C.myth D.history9.A.costumes B.routines C.instructions D.performances10.A.Asaresult B.Infact C.Onthecontrary D.Inaddition11.A.when B.although C.unless D.while12.A.deep B.equal C.clear D.extra13.A.attached B.related C.committed D.tied14.A.putup B.tookup C.tookon D.puton15.A.unexpected B.unpredicted C.prepared D.desired16.A.whenever B.as C.whatever D.so17.A.social B.political C.economic D.religious18.A.accounts B.story-telling C.descriptions D.drama-writing19.A.atthattime B.atatime C.atfirst D.atonce20.A.imitations B.creatures C.presentations D.exhibitions【文章大意】文章介紹了關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的起源。1.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。background＂背景＂；assumption＂假定，假設(shè)＂；evidence＂證據(jù)＂；theory＂理論＂。句意：關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的開始有許多理論。其中一個最普遍為人接受的假設(shè)認(rèn)為戲劇是從宗教儀式演化而來。故選B。2.A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。view＂考慮，認(rèn)為＂；employ＂雇傭＂；imagine＂想象＂；dismiss＂解散，解雇＂。句意：人類認(rèn)為世界的自然力量，甚至季節(jié)性變化，是不可預(yù)測的，他們試圖通過各種方式去控制這些未知的、令人恐懼的力量。故選A。3.D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。take＂拿，占＂；possess＂擁有＂；guarantee＂保證＂；control＂控制＂。參看上一題解析。故選D。4.C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。start＂開始＂；show＂展示＂；bring＂帶來＂；continue＂繼續(xù)＂。句意：這些措施似乎帶來了預(yù)期的效果，然后得到不斷重復(fù)，直到它們變成了固定的儀式。故選C。5.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。usual＂通常，經(jīng)常＂；direct＂徑直的＂；convincing＂令人信服的，有說服力的＂；fixed＂固定的＂。參看上一題解析。故選D。6.C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。apparently＂明顯的＂；actually＂事實上＂；eventually＂最后地＂；naturally＂自然地＂。句意：最后解釋或掩蓋神秘的儀式的故事出現(xiàn)了。故選C。7.B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。spread＂傳播＂；abandon＂放棄＂；follow＂跟著＂；celebrate＂慶祝＂。句意：隨著時間的流逝，一些儀式被拋棄，但這些故事，后來被稱為神話，繼續(xù)存在，并給藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了材料。故選B。8.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。seed＂種子＂；content＂內(nèi)容＂；myth＂神話，虛構(gòu)的人＂；history＂歷史＂。句意：那些認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來的人還認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的萌芽，因為使用了音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝。故選A。9.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。costume＂服裝＂；routine＂程序，日常工作＂；instruction＂指令，命令＂；performance＂表現(xiàn)，表演＂。參看上一題解析。故選A。10.D【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。asaresult＂因此＂；infact＂事實上＂；onthecontrary＂相反＂；inaddition＂另外＂。根據(jù)下文＂besides＂提示可知，此處表示遞進(jìn)。故選D。11.A【解析】考查連詞。句意：此外，必須為演出提供一個合適的場地。如果不是所有人共同參與，在表演的舞臺與觀眾就坐的地區(qū)之間有一個明顯的分界線。when＂如果＂引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，例如HowcanIgetajobwhenIcan’tevenreadorwrite？如果我連讀和寫都不會，我怎么找到工作？符合語境。故選A。12.C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。deep＂深的＂；equal＂平等＂；clear＂清楚的＂；extra＂額外的＂。參看上一題解析。故選C。13.A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。beattachedto＂附屬于＂；berelatedto＂與……有聯(lián)系＂；becommittedto＂獻(xiàn)身于，致力于＂；betiedto＂束縛于，捆綁于＂。句意：此外，還有演員，而且因為避免在儀式出錯相當(dāng)重要，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)那項任務(wù)。故選A。14.C【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。putup＂張貼，舉起＂；takeup＂占據(jù)，從事＂；takeon＂呈現(xiàn)，承擔(dān)＂；puton＂穿上＂。參看上一題解析。故選C。15.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unexpected＂意外的＂；unpredicted＂未預(yù)測到的＂；prepared＂準(zhǔn)備好的＂；desired＂渴望的，想得到的＂。句意：戴著面具，穿著各種服裝，他們經(jīng)常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生靈，還用動作表演來表現(xiàn)出想要得到的效果——打獵或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利，即將到來的雨，太陽的升起——就像演員做得一樣。故選D。16.B【解析】考查連詞。whenever＂無論什么時候＂；as＂像……一樣＂；whatever＂無論什么＂；so＂因此＂。參看上一題解析。故選B。17.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。social＂社會的，社會上的，交際的，社交的＂；political＂政治的＂；economic＂經(jīng)濟的＂；religious＂宗教的＂。根據(jù)上文提示可知，后來，這種戲劇性的表演與宗教活動分離了。故選D。18.B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。account＂賬，賬目，存款，記錄＂；story-telling＂講故事＂；description＂描述＂；drama-writing＂寫戲?。ⅰ８鶕?jù)下一句話中＂talesaboutthehunt,warorotherthingsaretold＂提示可知，另一種理論認(rèn)為，戲劇的起源來自人類對講故事的興趣。故選B。19.C【解析】考查短語辨析。atthattime＂在那時＂；atatime＂一次＂；atfirst＂首先，開始時，起初＂；atonce＂立刻＂。根據(jù)本句中＂then＂提示可知，首先，講述者通過動作和語言，然后……故選C。20.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。imitation＂模仿＂；creature＂生物＂；presentation＂呈現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)，展示＂；exhibition＂展覽＂。句意：另一個與之緊密相關(guān)的理論認(rèn)為戲劇追溯到那些主要是體操或是模仿動物動作和聲音的舞蹈上。故選A。題組一（高考真題）Cloze1(2019·全國卷III)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-___41___sixmonthsoutoftheyear.Ofcourse,we___42___itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis___43___,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona___44___day.”Butthat___45___whenasystemofhigh-tech___46___wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan___47___theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto___48___.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat___49___themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe___50___andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral___51___,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight___52___,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeen___53___thereandstandingthereandtaking___54___ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally___55___.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall___56___thesunshineatthesametime.___57___,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s___58___residents."It'snotvery___59___,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare___60___.”41.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely42.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice43.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide44.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm45.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered46.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras47.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined48.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use49.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows50.A.day B.night C.month D.year51.A.library B.hall C.square D.street52.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped53.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.siting54.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold55.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent56.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store57.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly58.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved59.A.big B.clear C.cold D.easy60.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharingCloze2(2016·上海卷)Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthenowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,3,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom4withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權(quán))hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:10thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe11withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas12beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto13thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor14management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.1.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike2.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme3.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise4.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above5.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging6.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply7.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression8.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male9.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing10.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating11.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared12.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally13.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure14.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene15.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractivenessCloze3(2015·安徽卷) Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof2becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore. Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland6. Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew. Ourappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones. Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解決)ourproblem. Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw5.A.Thanksto B.Asto C.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes12.A.tiredof B.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger14.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdonto D.throwaway15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile19.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising題組二（名校模擬題）Cloze1（2019?廣東省廣州市2019屆高三模擬考試）AlwayswishedtheEarthhadasecondmoon？Thenyouwillbe1tohearthattheChengduAerospaceScienceInstitutehasplanstolaunchmultipleminimoonsoverthenextfewyears.Similartoour2satellite，thelightoftheartificialorb球體willbeobtainedfromthesunand3toEarthbyitsmirror﹣likecoating.Accordingtoitsdesigners,the4oflightbeingreflectedcanbecontrolledfromEarthandthelightcanevenbe5,ifnecessary.Whilethemultipleminimoonswillcertainlyappearpicturesque，theirmainpurposeistoconserve6TheChengduAerospaceexpertsclaimtheminimoon'sdusk—likeglowwillallowthegovernmenttoeventually7costlystreetlightsincities.TheyestimatethatusingtheartificialsatellitetolightupChengdu'sstreetsatnightwill8thecity1.2billionyuananally.Sincetheorb'slocationcanbe9moved，itcouldalsobeusedtoshinelightoverdisaster—struckareasthathavelost10.Oncethefirstminimoonis11successfully，theexpertsplantolaunchthree12ones.Together，thesatellites，whichwilltaketurnsdependingontheir13inrelationtothesun，areexpectedto14anareaof3，600to6，400squarekilometers.Whiletheorbswillbe15throughatelescopefromanywhereontheglobe,theirrealbeautywillonlybeseenbyvisitingChengdu.Officials,16,believetheywillbeahugetouristattraction，helpingimprovethecity's17.Asisoftenthecasewithmajor18,someexpertsareconcerned.They19thatthemoonswillimpactonthesleeppatternsofhumansandanimals.However，officialsbelievethesatelliteswillcauselittle，ifany20.1.A.pleased B.surprised C.alarmed D.relieved2.A.traditional B.unique C.natural D.famous3.A.carried B.reflected C.introduced D.transformed4.A.colour B.speed C.source D.amount5.A.sentout B.switchedoff C.givenaway D.turneddown6.A.resources B.animals C.farmland D.space7.A.rebuild B.expand C.improve D.remove8.A.bring B.leave C.save D.cost9.A.hardly B.easily C.frequently D.normally10.A.money B.home C.contact D.power11.A.travelling B.appearing C.working D.signaling12.A.additional B.special C.bright D.colourful13.A.size B.importance C.position D.function14.A.pickup B.takeup C.holdup D.lightup15.A.reliable B.visible C.available D.testable16.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.moreover17.A.population B.education C.evolution D.conflict18.A.drawback B.breakthroughs C.technology D.economy19.A.doubt B.conclude C.worry D.agree20.A.disturbance B.destruction C.satisfaction D.discussionCloze2(2019屆河江西省高三模擬考試)September22,2018willbeWorldCar-FreeDay,adayonwhichpeopleacrosstheglobeareencouragedtofind___1___methodstomeettheirtransportationneedsandre-discoverbuses,bikes,andtheirown___2___.Onthisday,peoplegettogetherinthestreets,intersections,andneighborhoodblocksto___3___theworldthatwedon’thavetoacceptourcar-controlledsociety.While___4___alongtheselineshadtakenplacefromtimetotimestarting___5___the1973oilcrisis,itwasonlyinOctober,1994___6___astructuredcallforsuchprojectswas___7___inakeynotespeechbyEricBrittonattheInternationalAccessibleCitiesConferenceheldinToledo(Spain).ThefirstnationalcampaignwaslaunchedinBritainin1997,andtheFrenchfollowedsuitin1998.In2000,carBustersissuedanopen___8___fora“WorldCar-FreeDay”to___9___withEurope’sCar-FreeDayonSeptember22.___10___then,wehavebeguntocallforcitizenstoorganize___11___onornearthisday.However,wedonotwant___12___onedayofcelebrationsandthenreturnto___13___life.WorldCar-FreeDayisthe___14___timetoremindcityplannersandpoliticiansto___15___cycling,walkingandpublictransport.Itisuptous,citiesandgovernmentstohelp___16___permanentchangesto___17___pedestrians,cyclistsandotherpeoplewhodonotdrivecars.While___18___accomplishmenthasbeenachievedintermsofmediacoverage,theseevents___19___tobedifficulttoachieverealsuccessandevenadecadelaterthereisconsiderableuncertaintyabouttheusefulnessofthisapproach.Broadpublicsupportand___20___tochangeisneededforsuccessfulimplementation(執(zhí)行).1.A.effective B.efficient C.useful D.alternative2.A.legs B.motors C.subway D.feet3.A.recall B.remind C.realize D.recommend4.A.projects B.events C.activities D.meetings5.A.as B.on C.with D.beyond6.A.when B.that C.where D.how7.A.undertaken B.submitted C.developed D.issued8.A.answer B.call C.wish D.longing9.A.connect B.involve C.consist D.concern10.A.Since B.Before C.After D.Right11.A.events B.affairs C.incidents D.accidents12.A.even B.still C.just D.ever13.A.usual B.previous C.ordinary D.average14.A.perfect B.limited C.accurate D.correct15.A.givewayto B.givepriorityto C.giveriseto D.giveinto16.A.employ B.decrease C.create D.increase17.A.assist B.benefit C.instruct D.influence18.A.constant B.similar C.envying D.considerable19.A.turnout B.workout C.carryout D.figureout20.A.approach B.attitude C.chance D.commitmentCloze3(2017屆廣東省順德一中等六校高三第二次聯(lián)考)IfyouassociatemodernBritishfictionwiththecool,lonelytonesofMartinAmisandJulianBarnes,andUSfictionwithJonathanFranzen’s

1innerworldsorJohnIrving’ssentimentality,itseemsyouhavegood

2.Ananalysisofthe

3textsofEnglish-languagebooksoverthe

4centuryconcludesthat,sincethe1980s,wordsthat

5emotionalcontenthavebecome

6morecommoninUSbooksthaninBritishones.The

7,byanthropologist(人類學(xué)家)AlbertoAcerbioftheUniversityofBristol,UK,andhiscolleagues,takesadvantageofGoogle’sdatabaseofmorethan5milliondigitally

8booksfromthepastseveralcenturies.Thisresourcehas

9beenusedtoexaminethe

10ofliterarystylesandtrendsinliteraryexpressionsofindividualism.Such

11oftheculturalinformationmadeavailablebynewtechnologieshasbeen

12＂culturomics＂(文化組學(xué)).Its

13thinkthattheseapproachescan

14trendsinsocialopinionsandstandardsofbehaviorthatare

15hiddenwithinvastquantitiesofdata.＂Languageuseinbooks

16whatpeoplearetalkingaboutandthinkingaboutduringa

17time,soGoogleBooksprovidesafascinating

18intothepast,＂sayspsychologistJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversityinCalifornia.The

19resultscertainlyseemtoshowthatinformaldescriptionsaboutsocialmoodarereflectedinthe

20(bothfictionandnon-fiction)ofthetwentiethcentury.1.A.independent B.emotional C.peaceful D.autonomous2.A.reason B.way C.excuse D.truth3.A.digitized B.translated C.adapted D.adopted4.A.old B.modern C.former D.past5.A.take B.include C.carry D.arrange6.A.significantly B.surprisingly C.doubtfully D.instructively7.A.book B.study C.experiment D.lecture8.A.written B.chosen C.scanned D.made9.A.formally B.casually C.never D.previously10.A.evolution B.development C.progress D.revolution11. A.learning B.mining C.searching D.using12.A.regarded B.formed C.appointed D.called13.A.opponents B.owners C.advocates D.writers14.A.examine B.discover C.cause D.generate15.A.certainly B.often C.also D.otherwise16.A.suggests B.reflects C.explains D.displays17.A.particular B.different C.hard D.pleasant18.A.window B.picture C.sight D.roof19.A.earliest B.best C.latest D.poorest20.A.literature B.science C.politics D.economics題組一Cloze1【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，講述北歐一個小鎮(zhèn)長達(dá)半年沒有陽光照射，為此在附近的山頂安裝了一套鏡子設(shè)備把陽光反射到小鎮(zhèn)的廣場。每當(dāng)光線照射的時候，人們就聚集在廣場上，為寒冷的冬季增添一絲明亮。41.C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.only僅僅；B.obviously顯然地；C.nearly幾乎；D.precisely準(zhǔn)確的。根據(jù)前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，從九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故選C。42.D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear聽見；D.notice注意。根據(jù)后文Weseetheskyis43,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker可知，我們看到天空是藍(lán)色，但是到山谷的時候，就會變得更暗了，故可知，太陽照耀的時候，我們觀察得到，故選D。43.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue藍(lán)色的；C.high搞得；D.wide寬的。根據(jù)常識可知，有太陽的時候，天空是藍(lán)色的，故選B。44.A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.cloudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm溫暖的。根據(jù)前文downinthevalleyit'sdarker可知，到山谷的時候，天變暗了，像陰天一樣，故選A。45.B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.helped幫助；B.changed改變；C.happened發(fā)生；D.mattered關(guān)系重大。根據(jù)后文可知，該鎮(zhèn)引入一套陽光反射鏡來改變這種情況，故選B。46.C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.computers電腦；B.telescopes望遠(yuǎn)鏡；C.mirrors鏡子；D.cameras相機。根據(jù)后文toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，從附近的山頂上反射太陽光，故可知，為一枚鏡子，故選C。47.C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.remembered記得；B.forecasted預(yù)報；C.received獲得，收到；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)句意可知，該鎮(zhèn)的居民獲得了冬天里的第一縷陽光，故選C。48.D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk風(fēng)險；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根據(jù)前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，獲得了冬天的第一縷陽光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故選D。putsthtouse把某物投入使用。49.B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些鏡子由電腦控制，指導(dǎo)他們整天跟著太陽的位置移動而移動，在大風(fēng)的天氣就自動關(guān)閉。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)演；C.predicts預(yù)測；D.follows跟隨，追隨。本句描述這套系統(tǒng)的工作原理，電腦控制鏡子的移動，故選B。50.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根據(jù)文章可知，太陽光出現(xiàn)在白天，故選A。51.C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.library圖書館；B.hall大廳；C.square廣場；D.street街道。根據(jù)后文Thetownsquare可知，鏡子反射聚集的光會照在小鎮(zhèn)的中心廣場上，故選C。52.A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.returned歸還；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，當(dāng)光照出現(xiàn)的時候，居民出來，故選A。53.D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.driving駕駛；B.hiding隱藏；C.camping露營；D.sitting坐。根據(jù)本句andstandingthere可知，光照出現(xiàn)的時候，人們會出來活動，坐在那里，站在那里，故選D。54.A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.pictures照片，圖片；B.notes筆記；C.care照顧；D.hold抓住。根據(jù)文章可知，會彼此拍照，故選A。55.B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.new新的；B.full滿的；C.flat平坦的；D.silent沉默的。根據(jù)后文Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.可知，差不多全鎮(zhèn)的人都在廣場上，故可知廣場全是人，故選B。56.C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.block阻擋；B.avoid避免；C.enjoy喜歡，享受；D.store儲存。根據(jù)句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同時享受到太陽光，故選C。57.B【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Gradually逐漸地；D.Similarly相似地。前一句意思為并不是3500名居民都能同時享受到太陽光，后一句，新的光線為小鎮(zhèn)人們的意義不僅僅提供光線，故可知前后句屬于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。58.D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.nature-loving熱愛自然的；B.energy-saving節(jié)能的；C.weather-beaten受風(fēng)雨侵蝕的；D.sun-starved渴望陽光的。根據(jù)前文可知，小鎮(zhèn)差不多半年沒有陽光，故可知小鎮(zhèn)人們渴望陽光，故選D。59.A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.big大的；B.clear清晰的；C.cold冷的；D.easy容易的。根據(jù)前文可知，鏡子反射的光線有限，范圍不夠大，故選A。60.D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A.trying嘗試；B.waiting等待；C.watching觀看；D.sharing分享。根據(jù)句意可知，大家一起曬太陽就足夠了，故選D。Cloze2【文章大意】本文是說明文，介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中一種新型管理理論——授權(quán)管理及其作用。1.D根據(jù)后半句＂....willdoanythingtoavoidit＂可知人們本能上不喜歡工作，他們?yōu)樘颖芄ぷ骺梢宰鋈魏问虑椤９蔇項正確。2.Atothecontrary相反的；tothedegree在某種程度上；totheextreme走向極端。此處是說，無論如何，盡管很多證據(jù)與這個理論相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理論。故A項正確。故B項正確。上面的＂正確。6.Breferto提到，談到；contributeto做貢獻(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致；objectto反對；applyto適用于。此處是說，亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對管理的過程作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故B項正確。7.A8.D根據(jù)前半句＂...womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen...＂可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效，因為女性更有親和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故D項正確。9.A根據(jù)前句＂...encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative...＂（鼓勵員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神），也就是說在作出決定的時候不用先請示上級經(jīng)理。故A項正確。10.C根據(jù)＂thetrendtowardsdownsizing＂（縮小規(guī)模的趨勢）可知，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接作出決定而不需要請示上級，故動詞＂reduce減少＂符合語境。11.Bbehonoredwith被授予；beleftwith留下，剩下；becrowdedwith擠滿；becomparedwith與……相比，通過這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和與公眾直接聯(lián)系的一線管理人，省略了很多中央環(huán)節(jié)，提高了管理的成效。故B項正確。12.Beconomically經(jīng)濟地；traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶爾地。根據(jù)后句Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrol可知授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B項正確。13.Ddeny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)；assume假定，設(shè)想；ensure保證，確保。授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個商業(yè)計劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。14.Avirtual虛擬的；ineffective無效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場的。根據(jù)后句whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系，說明這是一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行管理的方法。故A項正確。15.Copinion觀點；risk冒險；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness魅力。根據(jù)后半句＂intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem＂可知我們評價員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品，而不是他們的工作時間。故C項正確。cloze3 【文章大意】隨著社會的發(fā)展，消費產(chǎn)品比例的增加，讓越來越多的人選擇將舊了但是還能用的用品扔掉，這帶來了巨大的浪費和嚴(yán)重的污染，作者分析了造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因，并且給出了解決問題的方法。1.D根據(jù)第一段末句中的＂becausepeople...thaneverbefore＂可知這里描述的是一種世界各國正在面臨的 問題(problem)。2.B根據(jù)空格后的原因狀語從句＂becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore＂可知答案。3.B文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我們變成一次性物品充斥的社會的原因。由此可知此句是總領(lǐng)性的句子——我們是怎樣變成一次性物品充斥的社會的。4.C因為此文談及的是一次性物品充斥的社會。在一次性物品充斥的社會中，和花時間與金錢修理東西相比，更換一個東西當(dāng)然要更容易些。hide＂隱藏＂；control＂控制＂；replace＂取代＂；withdraw＂提?。?。5.A由于現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生產(chǎn)東西。thanksto＂幸虧，由于＂。6.C由上一句中的＂produceproductsquicklyandinexpensively＂可知，產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該是充足的和便宜的。故此空應(yīng)填cheap。7.A由第三段可知，人們喜愛一次性產(chǎn)品是因為它可以節(jié)約時間，使人們的生活更輕松。這里表明人們對一次性產(chǎn)品的喜愛是另外一個原因。prevention＂預(yù)防＂；division＂分開，分隔＂。8.D為什么要節(jié)約時間?是因為人們比較忙。busy＂忙碌的＂，符合語境。9.A忙碌的我們總是尋找節(jié)省時間的方法，故選ways。10.C公司生產(chǎn)許多不同種類的一次性產(chǎn)