動(dòng)詞的ing或ed形式做定語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)-總結(jié)

動(dòng)詞的ing或ed形式做定語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)--總結(jié)動(dòng)詞的ing或ed形式做定語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)--總結(jié)動(dòng)詞的ing或ed形式做定語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)--總結(jié)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考動(dòng)詞的ing或ed形式做定語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)--總結(jié)日期：20xx年X月用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式既包括動(dòng)名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞,動(dòng)詞的-ed形式僅是動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置,如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ);如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。如:

isanattackingplayer.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(表示運(yùn)動(dòng)員的特征)askedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。(表示“令人….”)littlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后置)youknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty你知道來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的人數(shù)嗎(表示被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后置)

注意:當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如:

youngmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.

→Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.

一位寫(xiě)小說(shuō)的青年昨天來(lái)向我們作報(bào)告。

girlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.

→Thegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行的工作或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，如果和主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作不能同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，則不能用-ing形式做定語(yǔ)而必須用定語(yǔ)從句形式。如：昨天來(lái)我們學(xué)校的那位教授在明天給我們做報(bào)告。professorwhocametoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.

不正確的表述：Theprofessorcomingtoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.總結(jié)：-ing形式做定語(yǔ)通常從以下三方面考查,即:

1)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì),特征或用途。如:

setupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。

maybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.他說(shuō)不定在閱覽室里。

andgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.

女士們先生們,請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。

2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:

wereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.

有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

isthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher

正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話(huà)的那位婦女是誰(shuí)

3)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,常做定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物,表示“令人……”。常用的此類(lèi)詞有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,

disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,

interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:

musthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。

experimentwasanamazingsuccess.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。

isapagemissingfromthisbook.這本書(shū)缺了一頁(yè)。

4)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞,常做定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物Thescanningelectronmicrographs這些電鏡掃描照片

除了-ing形式能做定語(yǔ)外,如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用它的被動(dòng)式,即beingdone.beingdoing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定語(yǔ)。如:

tallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.

正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。

questionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.

正在被討論的問(wèn)題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。

-ing形式做定語(yǔ)專(zhuān)練

ladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.

dollarsremained

dollarstoremain

20dollars

20dollars.

wildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket______thedesert.

cover

wastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents____Chineseintheschool,most_____werefromGermany.

;ofwhom

;ofthem

;ofthem

;ofwhom

question______atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.

bediscussing

discuss

discussed

discussed

isa_____country______tothethirdworld.

;belongs

;belonging

;belongs

;belonged

istheman______totheteacher?

Amodelworker_____ourschool.

,visits

talking;isvisiting

;visiting

;visited

manyofus________,say,ameetingthathasnothingtodowithuswillbeinterestedinthediscussion?

attend

attended

flowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.

smell

besmelt

答案:DADDBCBB

一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊,漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞,實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞,除表示“已完成”的動(dòng)作之外,還表示“被動(dòng)”的意義。如：spokenEnglish(英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ))；icedbeer(冰凍啤酒)；cookedfood(熟食);friedchips(炸土豆條);但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作,而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。如:boiledwater(開(kāi)水);fallenleaves(落葉);therisensun(升起的太陽(yáng))等。1.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent．高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教師。(1)前置定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面,作前置定語(yǔ)。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虛度的時(shí)光,無(wú)法挽回。(2)后置定語(yǔ)①少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定語(yǔ)。1.Everythingusedshouldbemarked．所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。2.Thebooksleftareformystudents．剩下的書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。②動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎(=Thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．這次會(huì)議有很多人出席,開(kāi)得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)1)Mostoftheartists__________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written3)TheOlympicgames,_______in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoods_______throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成”或“被動(dòng)”之意，而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他顯得很憂(yōu)慮。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí),被深深地感動(dòng)了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法,他似乎很高興。作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修飾。Iwasverypleasedatthenews．聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厭倦這工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。1)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如:Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.Imustgetmybikerepaired．我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))(1)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話(huà)。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用雙手按著臉。“have+賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：①(請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪兒理的發(fā)②參遭遇某種意外情況。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。③完成某事(自己也可能參與)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．他今年已存了1000元。(3)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”這一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4)過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周?chē)N了許多色彩鮮艷的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。1)Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?I’dliketohavethispackage_____,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed2)Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.played3)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout4)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad________wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedⅠ.單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Fromthedates____onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked2.Itwassolargearoomthatahundredpeoplelooked____init.A.losingB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost3.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents____.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry4.With____leaves____intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan____.A.keptB.tobekeptC.tokeepingD.beingkept7.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known8.Johnrushedoutinahurry,____thedoor____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockingD.toleave;unlo