(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)精煉 選擇性必修第一冊(cè)　Unit 1　People of Achievement (含詳解)

選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit1PeopleofAchievement閱讀·提速練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIndependenceissomethingthatcanbedifficulttoachieve.Butdon’tworrybecauseherewehavefourbooksthatcanhelpyou.Ifyoudon’tbuylessthanthreeofthem，you’llbegivena20%discount!TheTotalMoneyMakeoverbyDaveRamseyTakingcareofyourfinanceishard.DaveRamsey，afamousbusinessman，isheretotakeyouonthewholeprocessofplanningyourfinance，andshowthemythsofcashadvancesanddebtconsolidation(債務(wù)重整)，tomakesureyourfinanceishealthy.Price：$14.49Grace’sGuidebyGraceHelbigGraceHelbigsharedhertipstobecomingagrown-up.ThebookisfullofpersonalstoriesofHelbig，herstrugglesandthelessonsshelearntfromfailingmanytimes.Thisbookisyouron-the-gofunreadwithpicturesanddrawingsofHelbig，andworksheets(工作表)topractice.Price：$7.95TheOhSheGlowsCookbookbyAngelaLiddonHavingsufferedfromeatingdisorderandlivingondiet，AngelaLiddonpromisedtoeathealthilyforever.Shethrewoutherfat-freebutterspray(黃油噴霧)andlow-caloriefrozendinnersafterlearninghowtoproperlycook.Thisbookcontainsmorethan100recipes(食譜)coveringbreakfast，salads，soups，powersnacksandthemaindishesforahealthymealatanytimeoftheday.Weallknowthathealthyeatingisallpartofbeingindependent.Price：$22.22TinyBeautifulThingsbyCherylStrayedLifecanbehard，especiallywhenitcomestorelationshipswithothers.Inthebook，Strayedgivesadviceonloveandlife.Shewritesaboutdifferentsubjects：asonrejectedbyhisparents，amotherwhohaslostherchild.Andthemessagehiddenthroughoutallheradviceisalwaysthat，ifyouwantagoodlife，youhavetocreateit.Price：$8.76語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四本書，它們可以在如何獨(dú)立方面幫助你。1．Howmuchwillyousaveatleastifyoubuythreeofthelistedbooks?A．$5.68. B．$6.24.C．$8.95. D．$9.10.答案B解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，如果你買至少3本書以上，就會(huì)得到20%的折扣，如果你買了三本書，至少能省(14.49＋7.95＋8.76)×0.2＝6.24，即能省$6.24。故選B。2．WhatisspecialforthebookGrace’sGuide?A．Itisabouthowtogrowuphealthily.B．Itismainlyabouthowtoworkbetter.C．Itisbasedonitsauthor’slifeexperience.D．Itteachesreaderstolearnfromothers’lifestories.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Grace’sGuidebyGraceHelbig部分中的“ThebookisfullofpersonalstoriesofHelbig...”可知，這本書充滿了Helbig的個(gè)人故事。由此可知，《格蕾絲指南》這本書的特別之處是基于作者的生活經(jīng)歷。故選C。3．Whichbookshouldyouchooseforsomeonewhoisbadatgettingalongwithothers?A．Grace’sGuide.B．TinyBeautifulThings.C．TheTotalMoneyMakeover.D．TheOhSheGlowsCookbook.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)TinyBeautifulThingsbyCherylStrayed部分中的“Lifecanbehard，especiallywhenitcomestorelationshipswithothers.”可知，生活可能會(huì)很艱難，尤其是當(dāng)涉及與他人的關(guān)系時(shí)。由此可知，對(duì)于不善于與人相處的人，你應(yīng)該選擇TinyBeautifulThings這本書。故選B。BOneafternoon，afterfinishingshoppinginasupermarket，myfamilyandIwenttothecheck-out.Isuddenlythoughtwedidn’tneedanyofthejunk，andweabandonedallofthose，saving$300.Thatgotmethinkingaboutallourpointlessexpensesinlife.Withapromisethatwe’dstopifitwaskillingus，Iconvincedthefamilytotaketheleapintofrugality.Theruleswerethatwewouldbuynothingfor30daysexceptabsolutelyessentials.Ouradventurebeganwithagreatstart.By9a．m.，mywife，Ruth，hadalreadymadecakesfromoldstrawberriesandpickedflowersIdidn’tevenknowwehadinthegarden.Iclearedthecarbyhandforthefirsttimeforyears.Ireadandreturnedtheneighbor’snewspaperbeforehewokeup.Totalspendingonthefirstday：$0.Asdaysturnedintoweeks，webecamesoproficient(熟練的)atlivingfrugally.Westartedridingourbikestosavegas.Mychild’sfingerpaintingwasrecycledasgiftwrapforthehome-madepresents.WestartedtouseanInternetapplicationlikeSkypeforfreephonecallsandaskneighborswithgardensforextravegetablesandherbs.Intheend，wesavedmorethan$2,000bynotspendingforamonth.Whenwebegan，Iimaginedwewouldrushoutthemomentweweredoneandbuyalotofthingsinthesupermarket.Thenmaybehitthemallorgotothemovies.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些無意義的花銷后，嘗試一個(gè)月除了絕對(duì)的必需品外不買東西，然后省下了兩千多美元的故事。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassagebeforethatveryafternoon?A．Thefamilyhadoftenspentmoneyrandomly.B．Thefamilyhadhadhigherincomeandlivingstandard.C．Thefamilyhadadoptedanadvisablehabitofsavingmoney.D．Thefamilyhadn’texpectedtheywouldhavefinancialproblems.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可推知，在那天下午之前，這個(gè)家庭經(jīng)常亂花錢。故選A。5．Howmanythingswerementionedaboutwhatthefamilydidtosaveonthefirstdayofthe“30days”？A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三、四句可知，早上9點(diǎn)，作者的妻子露絲已經(jīng)用草莓做了蛋糕，還摘了一些花，作者甚至都不知道花園里有。多年來作者第一次手動(dòng)清理汽車。在鄰居醒來之前，作者看完并把報(bào)紙還給了他。由此可知，第一天提到了家庭為節(jié)省開支所做的三件事情。故選B。6．Theendofthestorysuggeststhatthefamily.A．stoppedhalfwaybecauseofunexpectedthingsB．couldbarelyputupwiththelifeoffrugalityC．wouldreturntonormalafterthe“30days”D．succeededinsavingandchangedtheirspendinghabit答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，作者他們節(jié)省了不少錢，根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“當(dāng)我們開始的時(shí)候，我想象著當(dāng)我們完成任務(wù)的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)沖出去，在超市里買很多東西，然后可能去購物中心或者去看電影”可知，作者只是一開始的時(shí)候這樣想象的，由此可推知，故事的結(jié)尾表明，這個(gè)家庭成功地節(jié)省了開支并改變了他們的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣。故選D。7．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Anewideacominguptosavegas.B．Afamily’smanagingtheirdailylife.C．Afamily’sattemptnottobuyanything.D．Afamily’swayofsolvinglifeproblems.答案C解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段第二、三句可知，文章主要講述了作者一家發(fā)現(xiàn)一些無意義的花銷后，嘗試一個(gè)月除了絕對(duì)的必需品外不買東西，然后省下兩千多美元的故事。故選C。CClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾郵件)，falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制)．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章向我們說明了計(jì)算機(jī)分類技術(shù)在我們的生活中扮演了至關(guān)重要的角色。計(jì)算機(jī)分類技術(shù)可以區(qū)分出正面信息和負(fù)面信息，從而為我們過濾掉負(fù)面信息。8．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段倒數(shù)第一句可知，classificationboundary是區(qū)分正面信息和負(fù)面信息的關(guān)鍵。故A選項(xiàng)正確。9．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.答案D解析推理判斷題。由第二段的第一句可知，這種技術(shù)的困難在于它需要正負(fù)兩方面數(shù)據(jù)，而在許多情況下我們很難獲得負(fù)面數(shù)據(jù)。例如，零售商很難獲得從來不在他這兒買東西的顧客的信息。文章舉出這個(gè)例子是為了解釋負(fù)面信息很難獲得的原因。故D選項(xiàng)正確。10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A．Analyzingbuyingintention.B．Buildingaconfidencescore.C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.答案B解析詞義猜測題。由第三段的“...butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.”可知，下文中的newmethod指的是“創(chuàng)建一個(gè)信心指數(shù)”。故B選項(xiàng)正確。11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB．SmarterAI：MachineLearningWithoutNegativeDataC．BiggerData：ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD．TheComparisonBetweenPositiveDataandNegativeData答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講的是計(jì)算機(jī)通過學(xué)習(xí)分類技術(shù)可以區(qū)分出正面信息和負(fù)面信息。并結(jié)合第三段末句和第四段的第二句的內(nèi)容可知，B選項(xiàng)適合作文章標(biāo)題。D(2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江八校聯(lián)考)Studentloan(貸款)debthasbecomeaworldwideproblem.InAmerica，thecountry’soverallstudentdebtreachedarecordof$1.6trillionin2019.Theaveragepersonwithstudentloandebtowedbetween$20,000and$25,000.ArecentJapanesegovernmentreportsaysithasbeenlendingover$9billionyearlytostudentssince2010.SimilarconditionsexistinAfricaandSouthAmerica.Severalfactorsaccountforhighstudentloandebt.Oneisthatemployerseverywherehaveincreasedtheirdemandsforskilledworkers，makinghighereducationarequirementformanyjobs.Thestudents，however，aftergraduation，oftenfindthattheircountry’seconomyisnotstrongenoughtosupporttheirfinancialneeds，sotheirabilitytopaybacktheloanbecomesaproblem.Tosolvetheproblem，manycountriesareseekingtheirways.Australiahasdevelopedasystemwherestudentsdonothavetopayanythingbackuntiltheyareearningatleast$40,000ayear.InAmerica，severalcandidatesrunningforpresidentinthe2020electionhaveofferedmoreextremesolutionsthatalloratleastsomeoftheseloanswillbeforgiven.Someprofessorsinseveraluniversitiesrecentlystudiedwhattheeffectsofdebtforgivenessmightbe.Theyfoundthat，overall，suddendebtreliefgreatlyimprovedtheborrowers’lives.Notonlydidtheyhavemoremoney，buttheyweremorelikelytomovetoanewareaandseekbetterpayingwork.Yettheprofessors’researchdoesn’tincludewhatmighthappentofinancialinstitutionsortheoveralleconomyifdebtweretotallyforgiven.Itonlylooksathowdebtforgivenesswouldhelptheborrowers.Theywarnofsomeotherpossiblenegativeeffects.Ifaborrowerknewthatifheranintoanytroublehewouldbesavedbecausehecouldgetthedebtrelief，thenhemightactuallybecomemorereckless(輕率的)withhisborrowinginthefuture.Nomatterwhat，theprofessorsagreethatifcountriesdodecidetoapprovesomestudentdebtrelief，theneedieststudentsshouldbehelpedfirst.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學(xué)生債務(wù)已成為全球性問題，對(duì)此各國都在尋求解決方案。12．Howdoestheauthorintroducetheproblemofstudentloan?A．Bymakingacomparison.B．Bymakingclassifications.C．Bypresentingsomestatistics.D．Bysettingdowngeneralrules.答案C解析推理判斷題。由第一段的內(nèi)容可推知，作者通過列舉一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)介紹學(xué)生貸款的問題。故選C項(xiàng)。13．Whatcanwelearnaboutstudentloandebtrelief?A．Itwillsurelyprovidesomebenefitstoborrowers.B．IthasalreadybeencarriedoutintheUnitedStates.C．Itaimstoencouragemorestudentstoborrowmoney.D．Itwillpreventapersonfromlandingawell-payingjob.答案A解析推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段的最后兩句內(nèi)容可知，債務(wù)減免肯定會(huì)給借款人帶來一些好處。故選A項(xiàng)。14．Whatistheprofessors’attitudetodebtforgiveness?A．Uncaring. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.答案D解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，教授們認(rèn)為免除學(xué)生債務(wù)是有好處的。再根據(jù)第五段可知，他們警告說，還有其他一些可能的負(fù)面影響。由此判斷出，教授們對(duì)債務(wù)免除的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故選D項(xiàng)。15．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Studentloandebtisthemostseriousproblemworldwide.B．Studentloandebttendstopulltheneedyoutoftrouble.C．Growingglobalstudentdebtfuelssearchforsolutions.D．Peopleholddifferentopinionsondebtforgiveness.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了學(xué)生債務(wù)已成為全球性問題，對(duì)此各國都在尋求解決方案。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五(2021·百師聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Asthecoronavirusoutbreakcontinues，manyAmericansarefearfulofusingpublictransportation.Theyarealsolookingforwaystogetexercisewithouthavingtogotoagym，aswellaswaystoenjoytheoutdoors.1IntheUnitedStates，bicyclesatbigstoreslikeWalmarthavesoldout.Andsmallbicyclestorescannotkeepupwithdemandfor“family-style”bicycles：thelow-cost，easy-to-ridemodels.Thebicycleindustryisseeingitsbiggestsalesincreasesincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s.TheincreaseinbicycledemandbeganinMarchascountriesbegantoclosedown.2Allbicyclesales，includingthoseforchildren，areup100percentfromtheyearbefore.3CitieslikeManilainthePhilippinesandRome，Italyhavecreatedbicyclepathsforthegrowingnumberofpeoplewhowanttoavoidpublictransportation.InLondon，cityofficialsplantobarcarsfromsomecentralroads.Ofcourse，youcanonlybuyabicycleifyoucanfindonebicycle.IntheU．S.，theshortagesnowmeanitmaytakemanymonthstogetone.4TheU．S.buys90percentofitsbicyclesfromChina.Bicyclefactoriestherewere