考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Such______thecase,Ican’taffordtosupporthim.

問題1選項

A.being

B.is

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果是這樣的話，我就負(fù)擔(dān)不起贍養(yǎng)他的費用。逗號后面是完整的句子，所以逗號前面的部分是句子的狀語，即橫線處應(yīng)是非謂語動詞，只有A選項being現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語動詞，符合題意。B選項is是一般現(xiàn)在時；C選項hasbeen和D選項hadbeen不是正確的時態(tài)用法。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Itisregrettablethatstudentsdonot（

）theirstudentloansandtherebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.

問題1選項

A.reimburse

B.refurbish

C.relinquish

D.recount

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reimburse償還，歸還；refurbish再磨光，刷新；relinquish放棄，棄絕；recount詳述，重新計算。句意：令人遺憾的是，學(xué)生沒有償還他們的助學(xué)貸款，以致于后來的學(xué)生在助學(xué)貸款的申請上面臨更大的問題。根據(jù)therebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.可知A項最符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個答案會解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會認(rèn)為自然選擇會傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因為他們會得到更多的關(guān)注。

3.因此，有的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會傾向于所謂的誠實宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來越少，因為她們開始懷疑哭聲的真實性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進(jìn)化出來的?！?/p>

4.單選題

AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.

The286NationalResearchCouncil(NRC)reportsaysthattocontinueonthepresentcourseunderbudgetsthatdon’tkeeppacewithinflation“istoinvitefailure,disillusionment,andthelossofthelongstandinginternationalperceptionthathumanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest.”

Amajorargumentagainstreturningtothemoonwasthatitdidn’tpencilout一thattherewasn’tnearlyenoughmoneydedicatedtotheprogram.IfthegoalisahumanlandingonMars,thecurrentstrategywon’twork.

“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars,”MitchDaniels,theformerIndianagovernorandco-chairofthecommittee,saidWednesdaymorninginaninterview.

A2009committeeappointedbyObamaurgedNASAtokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit.ButtheNRCreviewersarguethatNASAanditsinternationalpartnersshouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMarsanddowhateverittakestogetthere,stepbystep,avoidingchangesinstrategicdirection.

NASAofficials,awarethatcriticsseetheagencyasadrift,saytheyhavealreadybeenmovinginthedirectionadvocatedbytheNRC.TheirstrategytargetsMars,justastheNRCreportnowdemands,theysay.“AllthisworkwilleventuallyenableastronautmissionstoMars，”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldensaidinarecentNASAwhitepaper.

“NASA’sbeendoingsomework,andhasbeendoingsomethinkingoverthelastsixmonths,that

isinalignmentwithwhattheNRCsaysthetop-levelgoalsare，”saidGregWilliams,aNASAdeputyassociateadministrator.

ButWilliamswascooltothesuggestionofareturntothemoon,sayingtheairlessmoonofferslittlehelpindevelopingthekindofdescentandlandingtechniquesneededonMars,whichhasathin,troublesomeatmosphere.

TheNRCcommitteeprobedthephilosophicalquestionofwhywesendpeopleintospacetobeginwith.Thecommitteeconcludedthatthepurelypractical,economicbenefitsofhumanspaceflightdonotjustifythecostsbutthattheaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort.

1.ThereviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramisdescribedas（

）.

2.TheNationalResearchCouncilreportimpliesthat

（

）.

3.AccordingtoMitchDaniels,reachingMars

（

）.

4.A2009committeeappointedbyObamaarguedthatNASAshould

（

）.

5.NASAiscriticizedfor

（

）.

6.TheNRCcommitteeclaimedthatspaceflight（

）.

問題1選項

A.timely

B.extensive

C.critical

D.notable

問題2選項

A.theU.S.playsaleadingroleinspaceflight

B.internationalcooperationrequiresmorebudget

C.theprogram’schancesofsuccessareslim

D.thepublicneedtogivemoresupporttotheprogram

問題3選項

A.lacksfundingfromthebusinessworld

B.isaprojectthathasmadegreatachievements

C.isagenerallyacceptedobjective

D.willchangethecountryinvariousways

問題4選項

A.becomemorecommercialized

B.paymoreattentiontolow-Earth-orbitprojects

C.becomemorerealisticwithitsstrategies

D.makemoreeffortsindifferentspaceprograms

問題5選項

A.lackingconsistentgoals

B.beingoverambitious

C.demandingtoomuchfund

D.havinglow-qualitystaff

問題6選項

A.deservesdevotion

B.bringseconomicbenefits

C.wouldhaveanuncertainfuture

D.shouldusethetechniquesofmoon-landing

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.（對美國宇航局載人航天計劃的全面審查得出結(jié)論，該機(jī)構(gòu)有一個不可持續(xù)和不安全的戰(zhàn)略，將阻止美國在可預(yù)見的未來實現(xiàn)人類登陸火星。）”，即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“TheNationalResearchCouncil”,可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“humanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest（人類太空飛行是美國做得最好的事情）”,即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MitchDaniels”,可將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars（目前國家在做事的方式上缺少根本性的改變，(而一味地)認(rèn)為我們可以完成到達(dá)火星這一大家共識的目標(biāo)是不現(xiàn)實的。）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第五段，根據(jù)“tokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit（在投資航天技術(shù)和讓商業(yè)部門處理常規(guī)近地軌道旅行的同時，保持其選擇的開放性）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“…shouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMars（航天局應(yīng)該專注于在火星項目范圍內(nèi)的目標(biāo)）”，即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“theaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort（努力的渴望性質(zhì)可能使其值得付出努力）”，即可得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

問題1選項

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“適度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精準(zhǔn)地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

問題1選項

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。assert斷言，堅持，維護(hù)；ascertain查明，確定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿著蠟燭，小心翼翼地登上狹窄的樓梯，來到自己的臥室。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Ifyou（

）someone,youformafixedgeneralideaorimageofthemsothatyouassumethattheywillbehaveinaparticularway.

問題1選項

A.assimilate

B.simulate

C.stereotype

D.subordinate

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Assimilate“吸收，同化”；simulate“刺激”；stereotype“使成成規(guī)，使變得刻板”；subordinate“使從屬，使服從”。句意：如果你用刻板的觀點看別人，你腦海中就形成了他們的一個大題想法和形象，因此你就會認(rèn)為他們的一言一行都是按照特定的方式來的。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

問題2選項

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

問題3選項

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.Theylikebitingcable-shapedobjects.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutcables.

D.Theyenjoythetasteofcables.

問題4選項

A.likebothcoppercablesandfiber-opticcables

B.prefercoppercablestofiber-opticcables

C.areattractedtofiber-opticcablesonly

D.areattractedtocoppercablesonly

問題5選項

A.Sharksarenobloodthirstykillers.

B.Howsharkspicksignalsfromcables.

C.Sharksbenefitfromelectricalfield.

D.Fiber-opticcablesaresharks’prey.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義猜測題。由“Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.（盡管被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險非常小，但在全球范圍內(nèi)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的水下光纜卻并非如此。）”可知，雖然人類被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險很小，但是水下光纜被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險卻并非如此。所以thesame表示被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險。A選項“鯊魚拿游客當(dāng)點心”；C選項“鯊魚被冤枉的名聲”；D選項“被鯊魚攻擊的幾率很小”都與上下文不符，因此B選項“被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險”正確。

2.主旨大意題。第二段的最后一句話說到“GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.（據(jù)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界》報道，谷歌產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理丹?貝爾徹在波士頓的市場營銷會議上透露了他們的防鯊魚努力。）”，說明為了防止鯊魚對電纜的破壞，人們做了很多努力，所以該段落更側(cè)重于暗示鯊魚對電纜造成的破壞。B選項“海底電纜線路的費用”在第二段沒有表現(xiàn)出來；C選項“水下相機(jī)的功能”第二段沒有提到；D選項“海底電纜的發(fā)展”第二段也沒有提到。因此A選項“鯊魚對電纜造成的損壞”正確。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.（人們猜測鯊魚會將光纖電纜發(fā)出的高壓磁輻射與魚類發(fā)出的信號相混淆。）”，所以鯊魚會咬電纜是因為錯把它們當(dāng)成了魚類。B選項“它們喜歡咬電纜形狀的物體”文中沒有提到；C選項“它們對電纜很好奇”；D選項“它們喜歡電纜的味道”都與原文不符，因此A選項“它們把電纜錯當(dāng)成了魚”正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.（有趣的是，鯊魚似乎不會被海底的舊銅電纜所吸引。）”，由此可知，鯊魚只被光纖電纜吸引。A選項“銅電纜和光纖電纜都喜歡”；B選項“更喜歡銅電纜而不是光纖電纜”；D選項“只被銅電纜吸引”都與原文意思相悖，因此C選項“只被光纖電纜吸引”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了鯊魚對電纜光纖的破壞。A選項“鯊魚不是嗜血的殺手”文中并沒有側(cè)重講解；B選項“鯊魚如何從電纜中接收信號”文章也沒有提到；C選項“鯊魚受益于電場”說法錯誤；D選項“光纖電纜是鯊魚的受害者”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Thereportincludesataleofhowanhonorablemanpursuinghonorablegoalswasafflictedwith（）andledhisnationtowardscatastrophe.

問題1選項

A.pride

B.humility

C.gratification

D.hubris

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pride“自豪，傲慢”；B選項humility“謙遜”；C選項gratification“滿意，喜悅”；D選項hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：這個報告包括了一個故事，的是一個高貴的人是如何追求崇高的目標(biāo)，卻由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，從而使他的國家走向災(zāi)難。選項D符合語境。

10.單選題

Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould______carefullytogetasharppicture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.fix

C.focus

D.object

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preserve“保存；維持”；B選項fix“維修；安排”；C選項focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距；聚焦（于）”；D選項object“反對”。句意：當(dāng)你拍照時，應(yīng)該仔細(xì)______，才能拍出清晰的照片。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在拍照時要調(diào)整焦距，C選項focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Youcouldarguethatmanyartistshavebecomemore（

）happinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.

問題1選項

A.confidentin

B.skepticalof

C.realisticabout

D.incapableof

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞短語辨析。confidentin“對…有信心”；skepticalof“對…懷疑”；realisticabout“對……現(xiàn)實”；incapableof“沒有能力做……”。句意：你可能會認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家們越來越懷疑快樂了，因為現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)歷了如此多的不幸。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

The______regioniscenteredlargelyinthenorthofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.telescope

B.wire

C.petrol

D.mineral

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項telescope“望遠(yuǎn)鏡”；B選項wire“金屬線；電線”；C選項petrol“汽油”；D選項mineral“礦物；汽水”。句意：______區(qū)主要集中在這個國家的北部。根據(jù)語境，這里指含有某個資源的地區(qū)集中在國家的北部，D選項mineral“礦物”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問題2選項

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問題3選項

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問題4選項

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問題5選項

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是，團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點。選項A符合原文。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他們被告知要選錯一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，這個實驗中超過一半的被選中的受害者會改變他們的觀點。大多數(shù)人解釋說，他們知道小組的選擇是錯誤的，但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力，因為小組的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這個實驗實際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點。最后得出結(jié)論，大多數(shù)會在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點“當(dāng)一個人加入一個群體時，他往往會接受這個群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，后面通過實驗來證明這個觀點。選項A和C表述太籠統(tǒng)，相對于選項D，選項B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個標(biāo)題更好。

14.單選題

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

問題1選項

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:說到電腦，他還是有點在行的。而這也成為他在朋友面前自夸的資本。

考查短語辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其談;feelrightabout感覺是對的;getawaywith僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫;whenitcomesto當(dāng)提到。故D符合句意。

15.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國的社會環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費習(xí)慣和國際化的氛圍，中國首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過去的三年里，越來越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級市，甚至更小的城市工作。

16.單選題

Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.（1）,medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir（2）abouttheeffectofsmoking（3）thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust（4）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay（5）morethanthesmokersthemselves.

A（6）numberofourstudentshave（7）inaneffortto（8）theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare（9）rightintheiraim.（10）,Iwouldhopethatitis（11）toachievethisby（12）thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern（13）othersratherthanbyregulation.

Iamthereforeaskingyouto（14）“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being（15）,whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

問題1選項

A.Still

B.More

C.Again

D.Further

問題2選項

A.concern

B.trouble

C.interest

D.displeasure

問題3選項

A.on

B.in

C.with

D.to

問題4選項

A.involuntarily

B.instinctively

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

問題5選項

A.endure

B.suffer

C.undergo

D.putupwith

問題6選項

A.few

B.considerable

C.many

D.quantitative

問題7選項

A.linked

B.connected

C.associated

D.joined

問題8選項

A.make

B.persuade

C.cause

D.commit

問題9選項

A.entirely

B.totally

C.just

D.wholly

問題10選項

A.Butthen

B.However

C.Although

D.Moreover

問題11選項

A.likely

B.probably

C.capable

D.possible

問題12選項

A.pleading

B.begging

C.insisting

D.callingon

問題13選項

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.in

問題14選項

A.inscribe

B.decorate

C.maintain

D.claim

問題15選項

A.onhead

B.inheart

C.inmind

D.inyourbrain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:C

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。前一句提到吸煙是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威表明吸煙還會損害人體健康，所以前后兩句都是表示吸煙會帶來不好的影響，為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。選項D符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。concern“關(guān)心”；trouble“麻煩”；interest“興趣，愛好”；displeasure“不愉快”。句意：醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威們表明了他們對吸煙帶來健康危害問題的關(guān)心。concernabout“關(guān)心，顧慮”。選項A符合題意。

（3）固定搭配。effecton“對的影響”，文中提到了抽煙對吸煙者和不吸煙者都有身體健康危害。選項A符合題意。

（4）上下文語境。involuntarily“無心地，不自覺地”；instinctively“本能地”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，自然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉強地”句意：不抽煙的人被迫吸入被煙污染的空氣。選項D符合題意，

（5）近義詞詞義辨析。endure特指忍耐的時間較長，強調(diào)時間；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指經(jīng)歷某些過程。句意：不抽煙的人被迫吸入被煙霧污染的空氣，遭受到的傷害比吸煙的人還要多。選項B符合題意。

（6）形容詞詞義辨析。few“幾乎沒有，少的”；considerable“相當(dāng)大的”；many“大量的”，quantitative“定量的”。句意：大量的學(xué)生為教室禁煙做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”，選項B符合題意。

（7）動詞詞義辨析。link“；連接，聯(lián)系”；connect“連接”；associate“聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”；join“加入”。句意：很多學(xué)生加入到這種教室禁煙活動中。選項D符合題意。

（8）上下文語境。根據(jù)文章意思，是勸說學(xué)生們禁止在教室抽煙，persuadesb.todosth.“勸說某人做某事”，選項B符合題意。

（9）副詞詞義辨析。entirely“程度上整個地，徹底地”；totally“整個地”；just“僅僅，只”；wholly“全部，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)”。句意：他們在目的上完全是正確的，強調(diào)程度。選項A符合題意。

（10）邏輯關(guān)系。前一句表示學(xué)生們在意圖上是完全正確的，空格后面就談到希望吸煙者自己能通過自己的判斷能力或者是提高對他人的關(guān)心去禁煙而不是靠一些規(guī)則。所以前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項B符合題意。

（11）近義詞辨析。本空填形容詞“可能的”，所以排除B選項。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”，排除likely,capable“能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，選項D符合題意。

（12）動詞詞義解析。plead“懇求”；beg“請示”，語氣更加強烈。insist“堅持”，在文章中是號召大家禁煙，所以用“callon”短語，選項D符合題意。

（13）短語搭配。文章意思為表示對他人的關(guān)心，選項B符合題意。

（14）動詞詞義辨析。inscribe“雕刻”；decorate“裝飾”；maintain“保持”；claim“聲稱”。句意：我在這里號召大家注意聽眾席、教室和研討室的禁煙標(biāo)識。選項C符合題意。

（15）短語搭配。文章意思為將不吸煙的人的健康和幸福放在心上。“have...inmind”符合文意。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

問題1選項

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

問題2選項

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

問題3選項

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

問題4選項

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

問題5選項

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點，接著介紹了導(dǎo)致兒童吸煙的因素，最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難，需要各界做出許多努力，結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點應(yīng)該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B