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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-揚(yáng)州市職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst(1),theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis(2)tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture(3)andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis(4)forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They(5)thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswitha(n)(6)languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Supportersofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour(7)forlanguageisinborn,butthat

languageitselfdevelopsgradually,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical(8)timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current(9)ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed;however,evidence(10)theexistenceofsome

innateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin(11)grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing(12)to

them,whileadultshaveamuch(13)timelearninganotherlanguageoncetherulesoftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

(14)someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyin

avacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen(15)fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.This

demonstratesthat(16)withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage(17)thananyinnatecapacities.

Thesetheoristsviewlanguage(18)imitative,learnedbehavior.(19),childrenlearnlanguage

fromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsby(20)reinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.innate

B.basic

C.inspiring

D.outgoing

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.encouraging

D.discouraging

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.hard

B.easy

C.harder

D.easier

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.into

C.as

D.of

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.negatively

B.positively

C.negative

D.positive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】(1)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generated生殖,發(fā)展;evolved逐漸發(fā)展,進(jìn)化;born出世(bear的過(guò)去分詞);originated起源。根據(jù)原文句意:當(dāng)人類剛剛開始,他們跟新生兒一樣不會(huì)運(yùn)用這種工具。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語(yǔ)境。

(2)形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知,填空處的詞是用來(lái)修飾語(yǔ)言的。valuable珍貴的;appropriate合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)模籧onvenient方便的,便利的;favorite最喜歡的。這里指語(yǔ)言工具,所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

(3)名詞詞義辨析。attainments成就;feasibility可行性;entertainments娛樂(lè);evolution進(jìn)化。句意:語(yǔ)言一旦發(fā)展起來(lái),人類未來(lái)取得成就和文化發(fā)展的可能性就增加了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

(4)beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),是……的原因。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推斷,這里是指:進(jìn)化是我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言的原因,而不是說(shuō)進(jìn)化對(duì)我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言很重要,所以選D而不選A。

(5)根據(jù)原文可知that后面的從句是生物學(xué)家們提出的觀點(diǎn),所以用claim(聲稱)符合原文語(yǔ)境。

(6)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“innatenesstheory”可知,此處也應(yīng)填入innate。

(7)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意:人類的語(yǔ)言潛能是與生俱來(lái)的,但語(yǔ)言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

(8)形近詞辨析。ideological思想上的;biological生物的;social社會(huì)的;psychological心理的。根據(jù)上文“asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood”可以推斷,語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的生物變化的時(shí)期,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

(9)名詞詞義辨析。reviews評(píng)論;reference參考;reaction反應(yīng);recommendation推薦。根據(jù)原文可知,這里指人們對(duì)天賦論的評(píng)論不一。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

(10)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)evidence可知,只有supporting符合邏輯關(guān)系。句意:支持某些先天能力的證據(jù)卻是毋庸置疑的。所以本題選B。

(11)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguages”可推斷,學(xué)外語(yǔ)要從低年級(jí)開始教起。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

(12)固定搭配。engaged通常與介詞in或者with搭配;involved通常與介詞in搭配。這里指長(zhǎng)期處于……環(huán)境中,所以選項(xiàng)B更符合原文。

(13)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)while可知,成年人和孩子們想比應(yīng)該是相反的情況,所以排除選項(xiàng)B和D,再根據(jù)副詞much可知,這里應(yīng)填入比較級(jí),選項(xiàng)C正確。

(14)邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意:語(yǔ)言的某些方面確實(shí)是與生俱來(lái)的,語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的。所以,前后應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

(15)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的,也就是說(shuō)不能在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中發(fā)展。所以這里應(yīng)該選D。

(16)上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意:這說(shuō)明與他人的互動(dòng)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的正常發(fā)展是必要的。只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

(17)上下文語(yǔ)義。acquisition獲得;appreciation欣賞;requirement要求;alternative可供選擇的。根據(jù)句意:一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為,這比任何先天能力對(duì)人類語(yǔ)言習(xí)得更為基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

(18)固定搭配。viewas意為:認(rèn)為……是……;把……看作……,符合原文句意。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

(19)上下文語(yǔ)義和詞組辨析。Asaresult結(jié)果是;Afterall畢竟;Inotherwords換言之;Aboveall首先。下句是對(duì)上句的一個(gè)舉例,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

(20)副詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“negativelyreinforcingimprecise”可知這里應(yīng)填入positively。選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators(呼吸器)tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay(主要支持)ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause(

).

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth(

).

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:科學(xué)小組推薦的指南可以用于……。A選項(xiàng)“收集關(guān)于各種治療方法的潛在有用信息”;B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究”;C選項(xiàng)“確定SARS的治療方法”;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布有關(guān)SARS的所有信息”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.(上周五,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組向醫(yī)生推薦了對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究的指導(dǎo)方針。)由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章,解釋SARS的某些治療結(jié)果是很難的,因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“病人在不同的國(guó)家”;B選項(xiàng)“患者在不同的環(huán)境下服用藥物”;C選項(xiàng)“患者處于不同的疾病階段”;D選項(xiàng)“這些條件沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制情況”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.(在今年早些時(shí)候的疫情中,在不同的環(huán)境和國(guó)家,在緊急情況下,為不同階段的患者提供……各種治療。這些情況——通常沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制的情況——使得解釋結(jié)果變得困難),由此答案選D,其他選項(xiàng)是來(lái)描述在什么情況下患者接受了什么樣的治療,不是結(jié)果難以解釋的原因。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)醫(yī)生所說(shuō),兩種導(dǎo)致病人有呼吸困難的治療SARS的方法都……。A選項(xiàng)“有感染醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)有呼吸困難的病人有效”;C選項(xiàng)“不要冒將病毒傳染給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)“證明有效,沒(méi)有造成傷害”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees(兩者都有將病毒傳播給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),因此答案選A。

第4題:【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官員馬戴爾博士所說(shuō),這份指導(dǎo)方針很靈活因?yàn)椤選項(xiàng)“SARS將在貧窮國(guó)家重新出現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典會(huì)在什么地方、什么時(shí)候、在什么情況下卷土重來(lái)”;C選項(xiàng)“非典不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”;D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典是否會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段第三句話Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.(馬戴爾博士說(shuō),他們是靈活的,因?yàn)闆](méi)人知道非典會(huì)在什么時(shí)候、在什么地方卷土重來(lái)。),所以答案選B。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“SARS,一個(gè)可怕的病毒”;B選項(xiàng)“治療SARS沒(méi)有好的方法”;C選項(xiàng)“SARS總有一天會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”;D選項(xiàng)“健康小組推薦新的SARS指南”根據(jù)第一段第一句話和最后一段第一句話AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…(由世界衛(wèi)生組織召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組建議的指導(dǎo)方針……)和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…(該小組還贊同指導(dǎo)方針……)可知全文圍繞的主題是指導(dǎo)方針,而不是如何治療SARS,所以答案選D。

3.單選題

Takethisbitofseemingly()advice:Inordertowritequickly,youmustfirstthinkslowly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxical

B.contradict

C.parallel

D.disordering

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的”符合句意。contradict為動(dòng)詞“與……矛盾”;parallel“平行的”;disordering“無(wú)序的”。句意:采納這條有點(diǎn)矛盾的建議:為了寫作快一點(diǎn),思考必須慢一點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticeNetworksponsoredaforumonthehistoryofgunownership,gunuse,andgunviolenceintheUnitedStates.Ourpurposewastoconsiderhowsocialsciencehistorymightcontributetothepublicdebateoverguncontrolandgunrights.Todate,wehavehadlittleimpactonthatdebate.Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despiteprofoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.KleckandMarkGertz,forinstance,argueonthebasisoftheirwidelycitedsurveythatgunownerspreventnumerouscrimeseachyearintheUnitedStatesbyusingfirearmstodefendthemselvesandtheirproperty.Iftheirsurveyrespondentsaretobebelieved,Americangunownersshot100,000criminalsin1994inself—defense—apreposterousnumber.Lottclaimsonthebasisofhisstatisticalanalysisofrecentcrimeratesthatlawsallowingprivateindividualstocarryconcealedfirearmstodetermurders,rapes,androbberies,becausecriminalsareafraidtoattackpotentiallyarmedvictims.However,hebiaseshisresultsbyconfininghisanalysistotheyearbetween1977and1992,whenviolentcrimerateshadpeakedandvariedlittlefromyeartoyear.Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthateachofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.

ContrarytoKleckandLott,BellesilesinsiststhatgunsandAmerica’s“gunculture”areresponsibleforAmerica’shighrateofmurder.InBelleville’sopinion,relativelyfewAmericansownedgunsbeforethe1850sorknowhowtouse,maintain,orrepairthem.Asaresult,hesays,gunscontributedlittletothehomiciderate,especiallyamongwhites,whichwasloweverywhere,evenintheSouthandonthefrontier,wherehistoriansonceassumedgunandmurderwenthandinhand.AccordingtoBellesiles,thesepatternschangeddramaticallyaftertheMexicanWarandespeciallyaftertheCivilWar,whengunownershipbecamewidespreadandculturalchangesencouragedtheuseofhandgunstocommandrespectandresolvepersonalandpoliticaldisputes.Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.Tothisday,theUnitedStateshasthehighesthomiciderateofanyindustrialdemocracy.Bellesiles’slowestimatesofgunownershipinearlyAmericaconflict,however,withthoseofeveryhistorianwhohaspreviouslystudiedthesubjectandhasthusfarprovenirreproducible.Everyhomicidestatistichepresentsiseithermisleadingorwrong.

GiventheinfluenceofKleck,Lott,Bellesilesandotherpartisanscholarsonthedebateoverguncontrolandgunrights,wefeltaneedtopulltogetherwhatsocialsciencehistorianshavelearnedtodateaboutthehistoryofgunownershipandgunviolenceinAmerica,andtoconsiderwhatresearchmethodsandprojectsmightincreaseourknowledgeinthenearfuture.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthepublicdebateoverguncontrol?

2.TheauthormentionsKleck,Lott,andBellesilesmainlyto().

3.Theauthor’smaincriticismofJohnLottisthathe().

4.WithwhichofthefollowingwillBellesilesmostprobablyagree?

5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.IthaslittleinfluenceontheforumsponsoredbytheCrimeandJusticeNetwork.

B.Neithersupportersnoropponentsofguncontrolcitetheworksofscholars.

C.Theworksofmainstreamsocialscientistshavegreatimpactonit.

D.Manysocialsciencehistorianshavesofarfailedtotakepartinit.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheinfluencetheyhaveontheissueofguncontrol

B.refutetheclaimthatprivateownershipoffirearmswilldeterviolentcrimes

C.supportthethesisthatgunownershipleadstomoreviolence

D.demonstratewhyresearchmethodsshouldbeimprovedinthestudyofthegunownershiphistory

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.advocatesprivateownershipoffirearms

B.isnotobjectiveinhisanalysis

C.hasanalyzedawrongperiod

D.hasciteddubiousstatistics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Guncontrolshouldbetightened.

B.Gunshavelittletodowithmurder.

C.“Gunculture”wastheresultofhighhomicideratesinAmerica.

D.Thestatisticsthatearlierhistoriansproducedofgunownershipisreliable.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.resolvingapublicdisputeoverguncontrol

B.describingtheeffectsofearlierstudiesonguncontrol

C.analyzingtheflawsintheprevioustheoriesaboutguncontrol

D.summarizingtherecentdevelopmentinthestudiesofguncontrol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。下面哪一個(gè)關(guān)于公眾對(duì)槍支的控制的陳述是正確的?選項(xiàng)A“它對(duì)犯罪與司法網(wǎng)創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響很小”;選項(xiàng)B“槍支控制的支持者和反對(duì)者都沒(méi)有引用學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”;選項(xiàng)C“主流社會(huì)科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)其有很大的影響”;選項(xiàng)D“許多社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家目前不能夠參與其中”,根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians它被主流的社會(huì)科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo)”,可知社會(huì)科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)犯罪與司法網(wǎng)所創(chuàng)建的論壇的影響極大,由此可知其對(duì)民眾的看法也具有很大的影響,可知正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第2題:推理判斷題。作者提到Kleck,Lott和Bellesiles是為了,選項(xiàng)A“說(shuō)明他們對(duì)槍支控制問(wèn)題上的影響力”;選項(xiàng)B“反駁個(gè)人擁有槍火會(huì)阻止暴力犯罪這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)”;選項(xiàng)C“支持槍支所有權(quán)會(huì)帶來(lái)犯罪這個(gè)理論”;選項(xiàng)D“論證為何槍支所有權(quán)的歷史研究的研究方法需要改善”,根據(jù)文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despitepropoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.它被主流的社會(huì)科學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家所主導(dǎo),尤其是GaryKleck,JohnLott,和MichaelBellesiles這樣的學(xué)者,他們的理論盡管存在缺陷,但還是被槍支控制問(wèn)題的反對(duì)者和支持者在政治上所擁護(hù)”,可知這些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)都存在其缺陷,之后作者在介紹他們的觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候也會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的觀點(diǎn)所存在的一些問(wèn)題,文章最后一段中得出結(jié)論我們需要運(yùn)用更好的研究方式,了解更多關(guān)于槍支使用權(quán)的歷史知識(shí)來(lái)更好地了解這個(gè)問(wèn)題,所以作者引用Kleck,Lott和Bellesile是為了論證為何槍支所有權(quán)的歷史研究的研究方法需要改善,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第3題:推理判斷題。對(duì)JohnLott的主要批評(píng)是什么,選項(xiàng)A“提倡私人擁有槍支”;選項(xiàng)B“不是客觀的分析”;選項(xiàng)C“分析了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間”;選項(xiàng)D“引用了可疑的數(shù)據(jù)”,根據(jù)文章第一段末尾“Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthatechoofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.他只報(bào)道了支持他的理論的回歸模型而沒(méi)有提及那些模型所反映出來(lái)的暴力犯罪與實(shí)際收入之間呈正相關(guān),與失業(yè)問(wèn)題呈反相關(guān)的問(wèn)題”,由此可知JohnLott的理論不夠客觀,忽略了很多相關(guān)的因素,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第4題:推理判斷題。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)?選項(xiàng)A“應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)槍支控制”;選項(xiàng)B“槍支和謀殺沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系”;選項(xiàng)C“槍支文化是美國(guó)殺人率高的原因”;選項(xiàng)D“早期的歷史學(xué)家提供的關(guān)于擁有槍支的數(shù)據(jù)是值得信賴的”,根據(jù)文章第二段中“Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.結(jié)果是前所未有的與槍支相關(guān)的殺人案,從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正緩解”,可知Bellesiles會(huì)同意的觀點(diǎn)是槍支提高了殺人率,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

第5題:主旨大意題。這篇文章主要關(guān)于……選項(xiàng)A“解決公共爭(zhēng)端槍支管制”;選項(xiàng)B“描述了早期的研究對(duì)槍支管制的影響”;選項(xiàng)C“分析先前關(guān)于槍支控制的理論缺陷”;選項(xiàng)D“總結(jié)槍支控制的研究在近幾年內(nèi)的發(fā)展”,這篇文章首先在第一段中作者就提出主流的社會(huì)科學(xué)家與歷史學(xué)家的理論存在一些缺陷,并且在分析各學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候都指出了這些缺陷,結(jié)尾也提出我們需要改善研究方法,所以這篇文章主要是為了分析先前關(guān)于槍支控制的理論缺陷,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

5.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的,溫和的”。A項(xiàng)calm“平靜的,沉著的”,B項(xiàng)seedy“多種子的”,C項(xiàng)hilly“丘陵的,多小山的”,D項(xiàng)fake“偽造的”。句意:從飛機(jī)上看,西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

6.單選題

Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor___forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnocomprehensivesystematicprogrammeforthereadingskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.acknowledged

C.assembled

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapted“使適應(yīng),改編”;B選項(xiàng)acknowledged“承認(rèn);答謝;報(bào)償;告知已收到”;C選項(xiàng)assembled“集合,聚集;裝配;收集”;D選項(xiàng)appointed“任命;指定;約定”。句意:盡管有很多專門為語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)目的而編寫或___閱讀材料,但目前還沒(méi)有全面系統(tǒng)的閱讀技能訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃。本句表達(dá)“為語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)目的而編寫或者改編的閱讀材料”,過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Drivingaracingcaronaspeedway()ahorseonabridlepath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isinsomewayslikewhenyouareriding

B.isinsomewaysisinthesameclassasriding

C.isinsomewayssimilartowhenyouareriding

D.isinsomewayssimilartoriding

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。此句句意為:在高速公路上駕駛賽車在某些方面就像你在馬道上騎馬一樣。因此D項(xiàng)無(wú)論是從句意還是從語(yǔ)法上都正確。句子是把drivingaracingcar比作ridingahorse,因此A項(xiàng)中,whenyouare屬于多余部分,A項(xiàng)排除。B項(xiàng)句意不符,C項(xiàng)中,besimilarto后面直接接sth.或doingsth.,故排除。

8.單選題

Childrenalwaysare()aboutthingstheydonotknow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curious

B.queer

C.strange

D.quaint

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Curious“好奇的”;queer“奇怪的”;strange“奇怪的”;quaint“離奇有趣的”。句意:孩子們往往對(duì)他們所不知道的事情感到好奇。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

邁克爾是那種你真想恨一恨的家伙,他總是樂(lè)呵呵的,總是說(shuō)些積極向上的話。如果有人問(wèn)他近況如何,他會(huì)這樣回答:“如果我還能再好,我就成雙胞胎了”。他生來(lái)就會(huì)讓人積極進(jìn)取。

如果哪位雇員有天過(guò)得很糟糕,邁克爾會(huì)告訴他如何看待問(wèn)題的積極一面。他的這種方法著實(shí)讓我好奇,所以有一天我找到邁克爾問(wèn):“我真弄不明白。你怎么能總是那樣積極樂(lè)觀?你是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的?”

邁克爾回答說(shuō),“每天早上醒來(lái)我對(duì)自己說(shuō),邁克,今天你有兩種選擇。你可以選擇心情愉快,你也可以選擇心情惡劣。”我選擇心情愉悅。每次心情不愉快的事情發(fā)生時(shí),我可以選擇成為一個(gè)犧牲品,也可以選擇從中吸取教訓(xùn)。我選擇從中吸取教訓(xùn)。每次有什么人找我來(lái)抱怨,我可以選擇接受他們的抱怨,也可以選擇向他指出生活的積極面。我選擇指出生活的積極面。

【答案】Michaelisthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Heisalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshassomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,‘IfIwereanybetter,I’dbetwins!”Hewasanaturalmotivator.

Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoMichaelandaskedhim,‘Idon’tgetit.Youcanbepositiveallthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

Michaelreplied,‘eachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,Mike,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Everytimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,Icanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorpointoutthepositivesideoflifetothem.Ichoosetopointoutthepositivesideoflife.

10.單選題

Amtrak(美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridershipalongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.

Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationatthetime.

However,timechangedandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanliness,and2)travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat____.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized____.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause____.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumers’attitudes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectoftraintravel

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencewheretheycouldenjoyfreedom

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramswhichcouldbringmoreaudience

C.theirprofitcouldbeincreasedby15percent,whichwaswhattheyexpected

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudience

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?作者寫這篇文章的目的是什么?

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.A.為了表明在速度和便利方面火車無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.B.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)汽車對(duì)美國(guó)方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影響。

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.C.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行社在市場(chǎng)推廣中的作用。

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumers’attitudes.D.為了說(shuō)明說(shuō)服性溝通在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的重要作用。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題考查的是作者的寫作意圖。本文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題”,首段提出“鐵路客流量下降”的問(wèn)題,第二段及第三段前半部分分析該問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因,從第三段后半部分開始講DDBNeedham確定地解決問(wèn)題的策略是“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者(encourageconsumers)考慮火車旅行的其他方面,以改變他們的態(tài)度(inordertochangetheirattitudes),并增加在西方考慮火車旅行的可能性”,通過(guò)廣告宣傳把西部的鐵路打造成火車旅行體驗(yàn),最終的結(jié)果是,鐵路線路的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)了。一篇文章的分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題部分是文章的重點(diǎn),而本文重點(diǎn)部分是在講DDBNeedham的宣傳策略和廣告投放對(duì)于解決西部鐵路客流量下降問(wèn)題的重要作用,因此,D選項(xiàng)“為了說(shuō)明說(shuō)服性溝通在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的重要作用”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為了表明在速度和便利方面火車無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,火車和飛機(jī)的比較只在分析問(wèn)題部分提到了,本不是文章話題的重點(diǎn),不會(huì)是作者的寫作目的,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

B選項(xiàng)“為了強(qiáng)調(diào)汽車對(duì)美國(guó)方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影響”,原文第三段第一句雖然提到了“汽車成為了美國(guó)交通便利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,但是本文主要討論的是鐵路客運(yùn)量的問(wèn)題,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

C選項(xiàng)“為了強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行社在市場(chǎng)推廣中的作用”,原文雖然提到了火車旅行,但并未提及旅行社,進(jìn)行廣告宣傳的是廣告代理商,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat____.從文章中可以推斷,美國(guó)鐵路公司客運(yùn)量的下降是由于____。

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportationA.火車不適合短途客運(yùn)

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationB.火車不是最快最便捷的交通工具

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeC.火車不像過(guò)去那樣快捷方便了

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenienceD.在豪華和便利方面,火車無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thedropinAmtrakridership定位到原文第二段及第三段。第二段提到“曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間,火車是穿越西部廣大地區(qū)唯一可行的方法。與當(dāng)時(shí)的其他交通工具相比,火車快速、豪華、便捷(fast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenient)。”由此可知,火車曾經(jīng)受歡迎的原因是“它的快速、豪華、便捷”。另外,第三段第一、二句提到“然而,時(shí)代變了,汽車(theautomobile)成了美國(guó)的方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外,航空旅行(airtravel)已經(jīng)很容易地確立了自己作為長(zhǎng)途旅行的最快方法的地位。”由此可知,現(xiàn)在,汽車和飛機(jī)成為了更便捷的交通工具。綜上所述,鐵路客運(yùn)量下降的原因是,相比較而言,它已經(jīng)不是最便捷的交通工具了,有其他交通工具取代了它的位置,B選項(xiàng)“火車不是最快最便捷的交通工具”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“火車不適合短途客運(yùn)”,原文并未具體提及短途客運(yùn)的問(wèn)題,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“火車不像過(guò)去那樣快捷方便了”,原文并不是說(shuō)火車沒(méi)有以前快、沒(méi)有以前方便了,只是有了更快、更方便的交通工具,取代了它的位置,這是相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)的,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“在豪華和便利方面,火車無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,原文不僅提到了飛機(jī),還提到了汽車,B選項(xiàng)的表述更完整,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized____.為了鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者乘坐火車旅行,DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)了____。

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrainsA.火車提供的自由和便利

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravelB.火車旅行的實(shí)用性

C.the

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