考研考博-英語-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifyouarelookingforaqualityeducationatareasonableprice,thenconsiderStateUniversityastheplaceto______.

問題1選項

A.sit

B.enroll

C.encounter

D.situate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項sit“坐；位于；使就座”；B選項enroll“登記；使加入；把……記入名冊；使入伍；參加；注冊；記入名冊”；C選項encounter“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”；D選項situate“使位于；使處于；把……放在（特殊的環(huán)境中），把……跟（具體情境）聯(lián)系”。句意：如果你想以合理的價格獲得高質(zhì)量的教育，那就考慮把州立大學(xué)作為注冊入學(xué)的地方。因此B選項正確。

2.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】ThehistoryofblackliberationmovementsintheUSAcouldbecharacterizedasastruggleoverimagesasmuchasastruggleforrightsandequalaccess.However,thecontroloverimagesmetmanysetbacks:itwasconsiderednotasimportantasequalaccess;thepowertosegregatewasmistakenlybelievedbymanyblacksasthegreatestpoweragainstthem;blackpeoplehavemadefewrevolutionaryinterventionsinit;racialdesegregationpartlyledmanyblackpeopletobelessattentivetoit;nationalistblackfreedommovementsoftenonlycaredaboutquestionsof“good”and“bad”imageryanddidnotpromoteamoreexpansiveculturalunderstandingofthepoliticsofessenceandidentitythatultimatelyrestrictedandconfinedblackimageproduction.

3.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof（）.

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize（）.

問題1選項

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

問題3選項

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

問題4選項

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項“河流生命對于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:下列哪項是美索不達米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測性所產(chǎn)生的社會影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟沖擊，但是在年長村民的指導(dǎo)下，這些村莊可能會學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進行人力資源共享，這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不達米亞的文明之種正被播散開來)。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣，早期的測量和估算方法，以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展，都是因為需要記錄土地的所有權(quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此，最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。

4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項的發(fā)展？第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化，出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進的文明形式?！斆浪鞑贿_米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后，產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了擁有先進農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。

5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強調(diào)什么？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展，比如：印度西北部河流，中國的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國，是為了說明河流同樣在這些國家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中，河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。

4.單選題

Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust（）allprofitstothegovernment.

問題1選項

A.turndown

B.turnto

C.turnout

D.turnin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A:turndown“減少；關(guān)小”；B:turnto“求助于……”；C:turnout“結(jié)果是；關(guān)掉”；D:turnin“上交；歸還”。句意：在現(xiàn)行制度下，國有企業(yè)必須向政府上交全部利潤。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

5.單選題

Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.

問題1選項

A.coordinated.

B.corresponded

C.synchronized

D.reconciled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組。A項coordinated“與……相協(xié)調(diào)”；B項corresponded“與……相符”；C項synchronized“（使）同步；（使）在時間上一致；（使）同速進行”；D項reconciled“與……和諧”。句意：管弦樂隊的指揮對芭蕾舞不滿意，因為舞蹈家的舞步與音樂的節(jié)奏不一致。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

6.單選題

CharlesWheeler’spaintingsoften（）thesharpedgesandgeometricalshapesofmachines.

問題1選項

A.highlight

B.revive

C.visualize

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項highlight“突出；強調(diào)”；B選項revive“復(fù)興；復(fù)活”；C選項visualize“設(shè)想；形象化”；D選項upgrade“升級；改善”。句意：查爾斯?惠勒的作品……機器的鋒利的邊緣和幾何形狀。句中的主語是paintings“繪畫；畫作”，可知是在談?wù)撨@位畫家作品的風格，會著重強調(diào)哪些部分。因此A選項符合題意。

7.翻譯題

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常確定，如果蘋果公司沒有開除我的話，這一切不會發(fā)生。這貼藥很苦，但我認為病人需要它。有時候，生活會用磚頭敲你的腦袋。不要失去信心。我確信唯一讓我不斷前進的就是我喜歡我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜愛的東西，對于工作是如此，對于你的愛人也是一樣。你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大部分，唯一能使你滿意的方法便是做你認為偉大的工作，而做偉大工作的唯一方法便是去喜愛你做的事情。如果你還沒有找到你喜歡的事情，繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。只要你全心全意去找，當你找到時，你就會知道的。就像其他任何真誠的感情一樣，隨著歲月的流逝，這種關(guān)系只會越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。

8.單選題

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（

）,butfinallyapatternemerged.

問題1選項

A.haphazard

B.grave

C.genuine

D.gullible

【答案】B

【解析】haphazard偶然的，隨意的；grave嚴肅的，暗淡的；genuine真正的，誠懇的；gullible易受騙的，輕信的。句意：起初，實驗的結(jié)果似乎沒有起色，但最終出現(xiàn)了一個模式。選項B更符合語境。

9.單選題

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

問題1選項

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

問題3選項

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

問題4選項

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開頭OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能會接受國際法和國際機構(gòu)在導(dǎo)致美國入侵伊拉克的事件中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但仍然認為，最終，由于沒有令人信服的法律依據(jù)，這次入侵的事實使關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則約束國家行為的想法和安理會在協(xié)調(diào)集體安全方面發(fā)揮重要作用的想法不可信），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要在探討分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性，選B選項“入侵伊拉克的合法性評估”；通讀全文可知，國際法只是文章中所提到的片面內(nèi)容，A選項“國際法和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”不能概括全文，排除；C選項“國際法對國家行為的約束力很小”和D選項“聯(lián)合國和美國”不是文章主要探討的內(nèi)容，排除。因此B選項正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一項確定全世界人民在入侵后態(tài)度的努力表明，戰(zhàn)爭最大的傷亡之一是聯(lián)合國對反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的國家的人的信譽）可知伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的最大受害者是聯(lián)合國的信譽，選C選項“聯(lián)合國的誠信”，同時可知A選項“聯(lián)合國”范圍過大，排除；B選項“反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的各州的人”以及D選項“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C選項正確。

61.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知作者認為關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的，即反對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭，選B選項“反對布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”，同時可知A選項“阻礙布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”錯誤，作者只是反對，不是阻礙，C選項“沒有表達對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的贊成或反對意見”和D選項“在分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性時采取中立立場”錯誤，作者有明確的表明自己的觀點。因此B選項正確。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知選D選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就得出關(guān)于使用武力和安理會使用的國際法有效性的廣泛結(jié)論是錯誤的”；A選項“從美國那里得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則的作用或安理會的效用的籠統(tǒng)結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的”，B選項“就關(guān)于使用武力或安全理事會效用的國際規(guī)則的作用得出籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論是錯誤的”以及C選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就不能得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際法的作用的結(jié)論”都和原文表達的含義有偏差。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

問題1選項

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe討厭，厭惡;remark評論,談及;uphold支持,贊成;systematize系統(tǒng)化。句意：他想自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，但又討厭處理工資、應(yīng)對政府法規(guī)和處理收益上的瑣事。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Hewashere（）thestroke.

問題1選項

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。onthestroke“準時地”。句意：他準時到了這里。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Dogovernmentsreallyassignandenforcepropertyrights?DespitethefactthatRegistriesofDeedsnowrecordlandownershipofeverysquareinchofNorthAmericanterritory,itisobvious:hattheserightshavenotalwaysexisted.[1]In1785,theU.S.CongresswasbusilyassigningunclaimedlandtotheconstructionofpublicschoolsintheNorthwestTerritory;latertotheconstructionofrailroadsintheWest.Today,mostlandisclaimed,butnationalgovernmentsandinternationalagenciesalikearebusilycreatingnewrightsinothertypesofscarceresourcessuchastheelectromagneticspectrumorthegeostationaryarc.

[2]Theelectromagneticspectrum,popularlycalledtheairwaves,isanimmenserangeoffrequencies(radiowaves,microwaves,visiblelight,X-rays,gammarays,andmore)thatareconvertedbymanyforvoicecommunication,navigation,datatransmission,andthelike.Almostallcurrentlyavailablefrequenciesarebeingusedbysomeone,andtheuncheckedarrivalofnewuserswouldleadtoseriousovercrowdingandbadreceptionforall.Butnewarrivalskeepcomingandthuscreateanairwavesgridlock.Thesewould-beusersincludetheobvious:AMandFMradiostationsaswellasVHFandUHFtelevisioncompanies.Theyincludepeopleengagedinairplane,boat,car,andrailroadcommunications,andothersbuildingcellularphonecompaniesandsatellitenavigationsystems.[3]Theyalsoincludeenergycompanieswantingtorelaysafetyinformationfromremotepipelinemonitors,makersofhigh-definitiontelevision,andscientistswithradiotelescopeswaitingformessagesfromextraterrestrials.Mostofall,theyincludetheusersofmillionsofgadgets,suchasbabymonitors,cordlessphones,garagedooropeners,pagers,TVremotecontrols,andultrasonicdenturecleaners.Thejammedairwavesproblemcame.toaheadin1990whenUPS,thelargestprivatepackagecarrierintheUnitedStates,decidedtooutfitits55,000truckswithradioreceiversandtransmitterssocustomerscouldbegivenup-to-the-secondinformationaboutdeliveries.TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionallocatedafrequencytoUPSthathadbeenusedbyhamradiooperators,whichcausedmanyproblems.The170,000memberAmericanRadioRelayLeaguepicketedfederalbuildingsinmajorcitiesacrosstheland.ItdelugedtheFCC,theCongress,andtheWhiteHousewithangryletters,anditchallengedtheFCCactionincourt.TwocongressmenquicklyintroducedtheEmergingTelecommunicationsTechnologyAct.Itwouldtake200megahertzofspectrumfromthemilitary(inlightoftheendoftheColdWar)anddistributethis"peacedividend"tocivilianusers.PresidentBush,inturn,chidedtheFCCforpracticallygivingawayscarcefrequenciesandincludedinthe1991budget$3billionofrevenuefromsellingaportionoftheairwavestowould-beowners.[4]WhiletheFCChadbeenchargingfavoredrecipientsnominalannuallicensefees,theaveragesalespriceofAMandFMradiostationsinthe1980scameto$1.24million,thatofVHFandUHFtelevisionstationswas$21.52million.SixtypercentofthesepriceswereattributablesolelytotheFCClicense.

1.Thesubjectofthispassagemaybesaidtobe().

2.InParagraph1,theword"spectrum"means"()."

3.Iftheauthorweredeliveringthispassageorally,hisorhertoneofvoicewouldprobablybe().

4.Whichofthesestatementswouldtheauthorsupport?

5.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1("Today,most...")suggeststhattheauthor’spurposeisto().

問題1選項

A.theovercrowdingofairwaves

B.radiostationownershipandsalesprices

C.ownershiprightstoairwavesandspace

D.thegeostationaryarcabovetheequator

問題2選項

A.apartofawhole

B.acontinuousrange

C.anopticalinstrument

D.aspecialquality

問題3選項

A.earnest

B.abstruse

C.amused

D.detached

問題4選項

A.Congressionalactioncaneasilysolvetheairwavesproblemsthataredeveloping

B.FMradiobandsarenotasjammedasAMbands.

C.Airwavesgridlockislikelytobecomeamajorprobleminthenearfuture.

D.Worldgovernmentbodiesarelikelytodevelopacontrolprogramforuseofspace.

問題5選項

A.describeaproblem

B.offerasolution

C.classifyinformation

D.criticize

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,本文的主題是講隨著新用戶的到來,無線電波過度擁擠。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅來舉例說明,第二段后半部分提到電波過度擁擠帶來的問題。所以選項A更能概括原文主題。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...isanimmenserangeoffrequencies.”電磁波譜,通常被稱為無線電波,是一個巨大的頻率范圍。所以選項B正確。

3.作者如果用口頭表達這篇文章的話,他的語氣可能是.earnest認真的；abstruse深奧的,難懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,作者在很嚴肅的討論電波擁擠造成的問題,所以選項A認真的,符合語境。

4.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,電波擁擠的這個問題一直沒有被解決,所以在不久的將來可能會成為一個大問題。選項C正確。

5.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,今天,大多數(shù)土地被要求擁有,但各國政府和國際機構(gòu)都在忙于在其他種類的稀缺資源,以便創(chuàng)造新的權(quán)力,比如電磁頻譜或地球靜止弧。但這個問題還是沒有得到解決,所以作者的目的在于批判政府機構(gòu)的無能。選項D正確。

13.單選題

Someteenagerharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which（）themtherightandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.

問題1選項

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.denies

D.rejects

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deprive“剝奪”；restrict“限制；約束”；deny“否定，拒絕給與”；reject“限制，約束”。一些青少年為什么會“憎恨社會”，就是因為社會“拒絕給與他們承認的權(quán)利和特權(quán)”，因此選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.

問題1選項

A.restless

B.ceaseless

C.available

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不斷的”；available“可獲得的”；versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：為了修復(fù)谷倉，建造柵欄，種植作物和照顧動物，農(nóng)民需要學(xué)會各種技能。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

AsIwasjustgettingfamiliarwiththisjob,Ihad（）toaskmyboss.

問題1選項

A.many

B.most

C.more

D.much

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“許多的”；B選項“最多的”；C選項“更多的”；D選項“很多的”。這個句子中不存在比較級，所以B，C選項排除；A選項many修飾可數(shù)名詞，但后面并沒有賓語，正確的用法應(yīng)該是Ihadmanythingstoaskmyboss；D選項much可以做名詞，指“很多事情”，相當于Ihadmanythingstoaskmyboss，所以為正確選項。句意：我那時正在熟悉這個工作，有很多問題要請教我老板。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

16.單選題

Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendto“compartmentalize”friendships,having“friendsatwork”,“friendsonthesoftballteam”,“familyfriends”,etc.

BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything“American”inwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfatthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,forexample,thandealwithsilence.

Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.

41.Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

43.Thephrase“highlycharged”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

44.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat______.

45.Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______.

問題1選項

A.Americanculture

B.Americansociety

C.Americans’personality

D.Americans’activities

問題2選項

A.Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.

B.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual.

C.Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople.

D.Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego.

問題3選項

A.extremelyfree

B.highlyresponsible

C.fullofmobilityandchange

D.verycheerful

問題4選項

A.Americanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivities

B.Americans,characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironment

C.Americansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilence

D.curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans

問題5選項

A.theyarenotinterestedinothercountries

B.theyaretooproudofthemselves

C.theircountrydoesnothavemanyneighboringnations

D.theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“這篇文章的主題是什么？”。根據(jù)文章首段Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“‘‘friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（美國人通常認為自己是一個友好的民族。然而，與其他文化背景的人相比，他們的友誼往往更短，也更隨意。美國人一生中只有一個親密的朋友，并認為其他“朋友”只是社會上的熟人，這是很常見的。這種態(tài)度可能與美國人的流動性以及美國人不喜歡依賴他人這一事實有關(guān)。）可知，這篇文章主要討論的是美國人性格方面的內(nèi)容；所以C項“美國人的性格”符合題意。A項“美國文化”，B項“美國社會”和D項“美國人的活動”都只是在文中提及過幾句而已，不足以代表全文的主旨。因此該題選C。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項陳述是不正確的？”。A項“美國人對國際事務(wù)很了解”，文章末段提到Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.（另一方面，不要期望美國人對國際地理或世界事務(wù)了如指掌，除非這些問題直接涉及美國。），由此可知，美國人對國際事務(wù)不是很了解，所以A項錯誤。B項“美國人之間的友誼往往是隨意的”，根據(jù)第一段第二句Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.（然而，