考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林建筑科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林建筑科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文憑）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（終身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知問(wèn)題是給學(xué)生們提供了太多的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，也就是太多的專業(yè)課程可以選擇。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，這種教育涉及了很多專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，但是沒(méi)有內(nèi)容，技能沒(méi)有變成方法，而是成為一種目的，所以這種教育的角度是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美國(guó)大學(xué)當(dāng)前面臨危機(jī)的原因是越來(lái)越迎合狹隘的事業(yè)心，沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的全球視野。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他們認(rèn)為研究和出版是最重要的事。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教學(xué)生們基本知識(shí)，產(chǎn)生跨學(xué)科聯(lián)系，并且將知識(shí)應(yīng)用于學(xué)校之外的生活是他們承諾努力的方面。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素質(zhì)的教師和好的教學(xué)也是他們關(guān)注的方面。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產(chǎn)的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過(guò)去”。句意：由于先前的約會(huì)，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對(duì)。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Lifeoffersusamyriadof（）,evenopposingones,andwhatisinvolvedinourdecisionprocessistodiscoverandchoosewhatismostsuitedtoarriveatourobjectives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bisociations

B.navigations

C.digerati

D.paradigms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bisociations“異類聯(lián)想”；B選項(xiàng)navigations“航行，航?！?；C選項(xiàng)digerati“電腦專家”；D選項(xiàng)paradigms“范例，范式”。句意：生活給我們提供了無(wú)數(shù)的模式，甚至是對(duì)立的模式，而在我們做出決定的過(guò)程中，我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)并選擇最適合我們達(dá)到目標(biāo)的模式。本句表示生活中的范式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

BrendaFarmerandWillieBlanscethavesatacrossfromeachotherontheButterballbagginglinefor17years,102cold,rawturkeysslidingbyinfrontofthemeveryminute.“MeandWillielookateachotherandsay,‘Howintheworldcananybodyeatthismuchturkey?’”

Theoddsaregoodthatyoursmaybeone.1.Thewomen,alongwithworkersatanotherButterballplanta90-minutedriveaway,helpproduceaboutathirdofthe43millionturkeysthenationwilleattoday,accordingtotheNationalTurkeyFederation.

ThiscomerofnorthwestArkansasisnotthelandoffree-runningheritagebirdsthatcommand$16apound.Aleisurelymorningbrowsingthefarmers,marketisnothowmostpeoplespendaSaturday.

2.Inthiscommunityof3,000ontheArkansasRiver,whereeveryoneischeeringontheHillbillies,thehighschoolfootballteamthatmadeittothestateplayoffs,turkeyisanindustry.AndajobattheButterballplantisoneofthemostreliableintown.

ThemedianincomeinFranklinCountyisjustover$30,000ayear.Unemploymentisat7.3percent.Everyweek,adozenorsopeopleshowupattheplantlookingforwork.Maybetwogethired,plantmanagerssaid.

Itisnoteasywork.Turkeysneedtobestunnedanddispatchedandgutted.Someonehastocuttheoilglandoutofthetail.Necksandgizzardsandlivershavetobecleanedandstuffedintoacavity.3.Duringasix-weekperiodthatbeginsinOctober,thelinerunssevendaysaweektoprocessfreshturkey.Itisaperiodpeopleintownsimplyrefertoas“fresh”,anditisgrueling.

“It’salongbattlewhenwe’reworkingfresh,butIatleastgotsomebillspaidandChristmasmoney,”Mrs.Farmersaid.“IjustsitthereandhumandsingandtalktomyfriendWillie.Wegetthroughittogether.”

【答案】1.一些婦女和工人們?cè)诰嚯x這里90分鐘車程的巴特堡養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)工作。根據(jù)美國(guó)火雞聯(lián)盟提供的數(shù)字，今天全國(guó)火雞的總消耗量將達(dá)4300萬(wàn)只，其中總量的三分之一的火雞由巴特堡的這家養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)提供。

2.阿肯色河沿岸有3000個(gè)群落。這里的每一個(gè)人都在為高中橄欖球隊(duì)希爾比利斯能進(jìn)入全國(guó)季后賽而歡呼雀躍。在這里，火雞是一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。

3.在從十月份起長(zhǎng)達(dá)六周的時(shí)間里，生產(chǎn)線整周整周不停地加工新鮮的火雞。小鎮(zhèn)里的人稱這段時(shí)間為“新鮮期”，這段時(shí)間的工作十分折磨人。

5.單選題

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。revive意為“復(fù)興，復(fù)蘇，重新使用”；renovate意為“翻新，修復(fù)，整修”；replace意為“替換”；remove意為“開(kāi)除”。

句意：他們計(jì)劃一年時(shí)間內(nèi)修復(fù)這棟破舊的房子。

6.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。transform“改變，使…變形”；transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植，遷移”；transcend“勝過(guò)”。句意：Black夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)每當(dāng)她彈鋼琴，她的鋼琴就有將自己帶離日常生活的糟糕現(xiàn)實(shí)并且將她帶到自己擁有的樂(lè)園的魔力。由takingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylife及tofairyland可知“將Black夫人從糟糕的現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)送到樂(lè)園”符合邏輯，答案B

7.單選題

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.installments

B.pieces

C.shares

D.parts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)installments“分期付款”；B選項(xiàng)pieces“塊，文章”；C選項(xiàng)shares“股份”；D選項(xiàng)parts“部分”。句意：如果你想買這棟房子，可以_____。這句話表示是“可以分五期付款”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality.”

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities-“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.”Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood’’，suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal'sPensees,whichconcludes:“tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother”.Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality,theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.Walzer'sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer'sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapacitysociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialterms,disproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthor'sinterpretationoftheprinciplethat“weowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities(Para.3)suggestthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybethedutypairedwiththequalityofveracity?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer'sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits（）.

5.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arguethatWalzer'scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer'sthinking

B.identityandtodeprecatetheoriginsoftheintellectualtraditionchampionedby

C.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessayInDefenseofEqualitythedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer'spolitico-economictheories

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer'spositiononeconomicequality

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.properlevelofasociety'swealth

B.properinterpretationof"economicequality"

C.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism"thetyrannyofmoney"

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dignity

B.Affection

C.Trust

D.Obedience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone'srewards

B.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

C.provenvalidity

D.emphasisonequality

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

B.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatpracticalstepsdoesWalzersuggestbetakentorelievetheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提出沃爾則對(duì)自由資本主義的批判的主要主題之一就是它的不平等（OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian）；第二段和第三段概述和分析了他的經(jīng)濟(jì)平等的觀點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“除了以下哪一項(xiàng)，其他都是沃爾則提出的？”文章第二段提到“那些出類拔萃的人應(yīng)該得到與其能力相稱的待遇”（Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence），因此可知選項(xiàng)C在文章中被提及，排除；文章第二段提到“每種品質(zhì)都應(yīng)該得到適當(dāng)?shù)膱?bào)酬，因此，需要一個(gè)合適的物質(zhì)分配來(lái)反映出人類不同品質(zhì)的差別”（Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales），由此可知選項(xiàng)B在文章中被提及，排除；文章第三段提到“據(jù)此，沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢（或賺錢能力）的暴政”（Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)），由此可知選項(xiàng)D在文章中被提及，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者對(duì)‘我們對(duì)不同的品質(zhì)負(fù)有不同的責(zé)任’這一原則的解釋表明，下列哪一項(xiàng)最有可能與誠(chéng)實(shí)品質(zhì)相對(duì)應(yīng)的責(zé)任？”文章第三段第二句話提到“帕斯卡認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)不同的品質(zhì)負(fù)有不同的責(zé)任，所以我們可以說(shuō)，迷戀是對(duì)魅力的正確反應(yīng)，敬畏是對(duì)力量的正確反應(yīng)”（Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength），由此可知對(duì)“誠(chéng)實(shí)品質(zhì)”正確的反應(yīng)是“信賴”，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為沃爾則對(duì)于按勞分配原則的解釋是獨(dú)特的，是因?yàn)椤蔽恼碌诙翁岬搅巳藗儽憩F(xiàn)出的各種品質(zhì)，比如智力、體力、敏捷、優(yōu)雅、藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、耐力、記憶力、洞察力等等，每種品質(zhì)都值得回報(bào)，因此需要一個(gè)適合的物質(zhì)分配來(lái)反映出不同品質(zhì)的差別（Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales），因此選項(xiàng)B“構(gòu)成品質(zhì)的廣義的概念”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章為解答下列哪個(gè)問(wèn)題提供了充足的信息？”文章第二段提到“然而在資本主義制度下，賺錢能力使其擁有者獲得機(jī)會(huì)所有其他類型的社會(huì)福利，比如他人的尊重和自尊”（Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”，suchastherespectandesteemofothers）；文章第三段提到“據(jù)此，沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢（或賺錢能力）的暴政”（Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“沃爾則認(rèn)為自由資本主義下高估了的那些品質(zhì)”符合題意。

9.單選題

Thenewsthatthepresidenthadsubmittedhisresignationcausedagreat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.stimulation

C.devotion

D.deterioration

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。sensation“感覺(jué)，轟動(dòng)”；stimulation“刺激”；devotion“奉獻(xiàn)”；deterioration“惡化”。句意：總統(tǒng)遞交辭呈的消息引起了巨大轟動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡管人們已經(jīng)

可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件，但是仍不知道根本的原因。

Identify鑒別，識(shí)別；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；notify通知，布告；convey傳達(dá)，傳遞。所以，A項(xiàng)identify符合句意。

11.單選題

HowareNikeandStarbucksconnected?Botharebrands,perhapsNikebeingmorewell-known.Botharelifestyleproducts.BothhaveUSorigins.AndbothhavebenefitedfromtheexpertiseofbrandexpertScottBedbury.

WhenBedburyjoinedNikein1987,thecompanywasaUS$750millionbusiness.HedirectedNike’sworldwideadvertisingcampaignandlaunchedthe“Justdoit”theme.Whenheleftin1994,NikewasaUS$4billioncompany.

NowBedburyisseniorvicepresidentofmarketingatStarbucksCoffee,responsibleforbuildingtheUS$700millionSeattle9basedcompanyintoaglobalbrand.

Bedburyhassomebrand-buildingprinciples.

PrincipleOne:Agreatbrandisinitforthelonghaul.Thismeansthatcompaniesneedtorealizethatagreatbrandisanecessity,notluxury.Itmeansthatcompaniescannotfocusjustonshorttermfinancialreturnsandsacrificelong-termbrand-buildinginvestments.

PrincipleTwo:Agreatbrandcanbeanything.Nikedoesnotsimplyhavetobeshoesandapparels(服裝).Nikecantakeadvantageofthedeepemotionalconnectionthatpeoplehavewithsportsandfitness.Starbuckshastheopportunityforemotionalleverageascoffeehaswovenitselfintothefabricofpeople’slives.

PrincipleThree:Agreatbrandknowsitself.Thismeansfindingoutwhatneedtoenergizeandre-energizethebrandthroughsurprising,intriguingcampaignsrelatedtothebrand’scorepositioning.

PrincipleFour:Agreatbrandinvestorinventsorreinventsanentirecategory.AccordingtoBedbury,greatbrandaimstobeaprotagonist—itaddsagreatersenseofpurposetotheexperienceconsumershavewiththebrand.Nikehasaninformedopiniononwheresportsaregoing.

PrincipleFive:Agreatbrandtapsemotions.Productperformanceisgoodbutitistheemotionalconnectionthatmattersmost.There’salwaystheemotionalelementbehindeverychoice.Abrandthathelpsconsumersconnectwiththeirdreamsandaspirationsisboundtohavemorepowerfulemotionalbonding.

What’simportanttorememberisthatagreatbrandcantravelworldwide,transcendculturalbarriers.

1.Thispassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

2.TheattempttheauthormentionsNikeandStarbucksisto（）.

3.ThemainideaofPrincipleFiveisthat（）.

4.Thesentence“agreatbrandcanbeanything”inparagraph6impliesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howtobuildagreatbrand

B.theimportanceofbuildingabrand

C.thedevelopmentofNike

D.howtomakeadvertisementappealing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.indicatetheachievementofBedbury

B.takethemassuccessfulexamples,ofbrandbuilding

C.pointimportanceofthesetwocompaniesinAmerica

D.comparethedifferencebetweenthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotnecessarytopayattentiontoproductperformance

B.greatbrandsaresoimpressivetoconsumersthattheyappearintheirdreams

C.greatbrandswillinfluenceconsumers’emotions

D.emotionalappealingofaproductismorepowerfulthantheproductitself

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.agreatbrandismoreimportantthananythingelse

B.marketingagreatbrandaloneisenough

C.agreatbrandcanbethebrandofanyproduct

D.thefunctionofagreatbrandisveryimportant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文圍繞“如何打造品牌”展開(kāi)敘述。開(kāi)頭說(shuō)到Nike和Starbucks都是受益于ScottBedbury才成為世界著名品牌的，重點(diǎn)講述了他對(duì)建立品牌有一些原則，文章最后再指出品牌的重要性。因此A選項(xiàng)“如何打造一個(gè)偉大的品牌”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“打造品牌的重要性”，只是小部分陳述，不能作為本文的主旨。C選項(xiàng)“耐克的發(fā)展”，文中不僅僅只談耐克的發(fā)展，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“如何使廣告具有吸引力”與題意不符。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。定位到第一段HowareNikeandStarbucksconnected?Botharebrands,perhaps…（耐克和星巴克是如何聯(lián)系在一起的？也許這兩個(gè)都是品牌。）AndbothhavebenefitedfromtheexpertiseofbrandexpertScottBedbury.（耐克和星巴克都是受益于斯科特?貝德伯里才成為世界著名品牌。）緊接著用第二段和第三段的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了這點(diǎn)。第四段開(kāi)始進(jìn)入文章主題——貝德伯里建設(shè)品牌的幾大原則。由此可推理作者提出品牌耐克和星巴克的目的是作為成功“品牌建設(shè)”的好的例子，從而引出文章的主題。因此B選項(xiàng)“把它們作為品牌建設(shè)的成功范例”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“指出貝德伯里的成就”，C選項(xiàng)“指出這兩家公司在美國(guó)的重要性”，D選項(xiàng)“比較它們的差異”均不符合題意。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵信息PrincipleFive定位到第九段Agreatbrandtapsemotions.Productperformanceisgoodbutitistheemotionalconnectionthatmattersmost.（一個(gè)偉大的品牌觸動(dòng)情感。產(chǎn)品性能好，但最重要的是情感聯(lián)系。）There’salwaystheemotionalelementbehindeverychoice.（每個(gè)選擇的背后總是有情感元素。）Abrandthathelpsconsumersconnectwiththeirdreamsandaspirationsisboundtohavemorepowerfulemotionalbonding.（品牌，幫助消費(fèi)者連接他們的夢(mèng)想和愿望，一定要有更強(qiáng)大的情感聯(lián)結(jié)。）第五原則主要談?wù)摰氖钱a(chǎn)品的情感吸引力對(duì)于品牌的重要意義。由此可推理產(chǎn)品的情感號(hào)召力比產(chǎn)品本身更重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的情感吸引力比產(chǎn)品本身更強(qiáng)大”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“不必注意產(chǎn)品性能”；B選項(xiàng)“偉大的品牌給消費(fèi)者留下了深刻的印象，以至于他們出現(xiàn)在他們的夢(mèng)想中”，C選項(xiàng)“偉大的品牌會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者的情緒”均不符合題意。故選D。

4.根據(jù)提示定位到第六段PrincipleTwo:Agreatbrandcanbeanything.原則二：一個(gè)偉大的品牌可以是任何東西。給出一個(gè)總結(jié)，然后結(jié)合耐克與星巴克進(jìn)行論證。Nikedoesnotsimplyhavetobeshoesandapparels.（耐克不僅僅是鞋子和衣服。）Nikecantakeadvantageofthedeepemotionalconnectionthatpeoplehavewithsportsandfitness.（耐克可以利用人們的運(yùn)動(dòng)和健身，從而建立深厚的情感聯(lián)系。）隨著咖啡成為人們生活的必需，星巴克就有了情感影響力的機(jī)會(huì)。由此可知一個(gè)偉大的品牌，它的影響力是可以從內(nèi)向外，非常大的。因此D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)偉大品牌的作用是非常重要的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)偉大的品牌比任何其他都重要”，B選項(xiàng)“僅靠營(yíng)銷一個(gè)偉大的品牌就足夠了”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)偉大的品牌可以是任何產(chǎn)品的品牌”均不符題意。故選D。

12.單選題

Theword“conservation”hasathriftymeaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertableinthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatershedsneedtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman’sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis____.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat____.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatearliergenerationsdidn’trealize____.

4.Toavoidrepeatingthemistakeofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat____.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“l(fā)ivingspace...isfigured...alsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth”(Para.3)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.neutral

C.suspicious

D.critical

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection

C.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinterdependenceofwater,soil,andlivingthings

B.theimportanceoftheproperuseofland

C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D.thevalueofthebeautyofnature

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.weplantmoretrees

B.naturalsciencebetaughttoeverybody

C.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D.wereturntonature

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller.

B.Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume.

C.Weneedtotakesomemeasuretoprotectspace.

D.Wemustpreservegoodlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干“作者對(duì)自然資源開(kāi)發(fā)現(xiàn)狀的態(tài)度是____?！备鶕?jù)原文第3段第1句Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.（為了我們自己和后人的利益，我們現(xiàn)在必須著手彌補(bǔ)前人的錯(cuò)誤。）可知，作者認(rèn)為前人對(duì)自然資源開(kāi)采的行為是錯(cuò)誤的，并且后文一直在寫(xiě)我們應(yīng)該怎樣節(jié)約資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境，所以D選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”最符合，排除A選項(xiàng)“肯定的”、B選項(xiàng)“中立的”、C選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thegreatestmistakeofourforefathers”（我們前人最大的錯(cuò)誤）定位到原文第3段第1、2句Forthesakeof…repairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.（為了我們自己和后人的利益，我們現(xiàn)在必須著手彌補(bǔ)前人的錯(cuò)誤。因此，保護(hù)環(huán)境應(yīng)該成為每個(gè)人日常生活的一部分。）為了彌補(bǔ)前人的錯(cuò)誤，我們要保護(hù)環(huán)境，說(shuō)明前人的行為破壞了環(huán)境，沒(méi)有意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。B選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎沒(méi)有環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)”表述與原文相符。A、C選項(xiàng)可定位到原文第2段第1句Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea…（五十年前，自然研究不是學(xué)校工作的一部分；科學(xué)林業(yè)是一個(gè)新概念……）科學(xué)林業(yè)在50年前雖然是一個(gè)新概念，但前人對(duì)他并不是一無(wú)所知，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，且這并不能說(shuō)明“對(duì)科學(xué)林業(yè)一無(wú)所知”并不是“最大的錯(cuò)誤”，排除A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)科學(xué)林業(yè)一無(wú)所知”；同理，原文只是提到了“自然研究不是學(xué)校工作的一部分”，這不能說(shuō)明“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自然研究的重要性”是“最大的錯(cuò)誤”，排除C選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自然研究的重要性”；D選項(xiàng)“他們不知道如何充分利用原材料”可定位到原文第1段第3句Ourforefathershadnoideathat…thetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.（我們的祖先不知道人口的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)比原材料的供應(yīng)更快；甚至直到最近，他們中的大多數(shù)人還愚蠢地認(rèn)為資源是“無(wú)窮盡的”，“用之不竭的”。）由此可知，先人們并非不知道如何充分利用原材料（即自然資源），而是不知道自然資源也是有限的，排除D選項(xiàng)；也可以佐證B選項(xiàng)的正確性，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)認(rèn)為自然資源“用之不竭”，而過(guò)分開(kāi)采，破壞了環(huán)境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干“從第3段可以推斷出，之前的幾代人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到____”定位到第3段。第3段開(kāi)頭講“為了彌補(bǔ)前人的錯(cuò)誤，每個(gè)人都要保護(hù)環(huán)境”；接著用3個(gè)“weneedto”開(kāi)頭的句子講“我們應(yīng)該怎么做”，①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.（我們需要知道，為什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保護(hù)，為什么小溪和河流必須在它們最終流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。）；②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.（我們需要被教導(dǎo)種樹(shù)和砍伐樹(shù)木的責(zé)任。）；③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth（我們需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)跟人類一樣生活在這個(gè)星球上的生物，它們的生存空間不僅用平方的面積來(lái)計(jì)算，還用地表上方立方的體積來(lái)計(jì)算）；最后1句總結(jié)Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是盡可能地恢復(fù)自然的原始美。）由此推斷，前人對(duì)自然資源的過(guò)度開(kāi)采，破壞了環(huán)境，破壞了自然的原始美，D選項(xiàng)（沒(méi)有意識(shí)到）“自然之美的價(jià)值”最符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“水、土壤和生物的相互依賴”、B選項(xiàng)“合理使用土地的重要性”、C選項(xiàng)“土壤破壞和河水泛濫的危害”都是根據(jù)具體的措施推斷出來(lái)的，比較片面，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

4.斷推理題。根據(jù)題干“為了避免重復(fù)我們祖先的錯(cuò)誤，作者建議____”定位到原文第3段。根據(jù)第3段給出的3個(gè)建議：①第3段第4句Weneedtoknowwhy…beforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.（我們需要知道，為什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保護(hù)，為什么小溪和河流必須在它們最終流入海洋之前充分惠及土壤。）；②第3段第5句Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.（我們需要被教導(dǎo)種樹(shù)和砍伐樹(shù)木的責(zé)任。）；③第3段第6句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,because…（我們需要知道高大成熟的樹(shù)木的重要性，因?yàn)椤＃┯蛇@3個(gè)建議可以概括出，作者的建議都是“我們要知道什么”“我們要學(xué)習(xí)什么”，即要普及環(huán)境保護(hù)的知識(shí)，提高人們的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)，C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)面向所有人進(jìn)行環(huán)境教育”最符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“我們要種更多的樹(shù)”、B選項(xiàng)“向每個(gè)人教授自然科學(xué)知識(shí)”（原文建議中教授的是環(huán)境保護(hù)相關(guān)的知識(shí)，自然科學(xué)的表述不準(zhǔn)確；而且環(huán)境保護(hù)才是全文的主題。）、D選項(xiàng)“我們要回歸自然”原文均未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第3段倒數(shù)第二句Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspace…abovetheearth（我們需要知道高大成熟植被的重要性，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)跟人類一樣生活在這個(gè)星球上的生物，它們的生存空間不僅用平方的面積來(lái)計(jì)算，還用地表上方立方的