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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Fungi,ofwhichthereareover100,000species,includingyeastsandothersingle-celledorganismsaswellasthecommonmoldsandmushrooms,wereformerlyclassifiedasmembersoftheplantkingdom.However,inrealitytheyareverydifferentfromplantsandtodaytheyareplacedinaseparategroupaltogether.Theprincipalreasonforthisisthatnoneofthempossesseschlorophyll,andsincetheycannotsynthesizetheirowncarbohydrates.Theyobtaintheirsupplieseitherfromthebreakdownofdeadorganicmatterorfromotherlivingorganisms.Furthermorethewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose,asthoseofplantsare,butofanothercomplexsugar-likepolymercalledchitinthematerialfromwhichthehardouterskeletonsofshrimps,spiders,andinsectsaremade.Thedifferencebetweenthechemicalcompositionofthecellwallsoffungiandthoseofplantsisofenormousimportancebecauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymesthatbreakdownthewallsofplantcellswithouthavinganyeffectonthoseofthefungusitself.Itisthesecellulose-destroyingenzymesthatenablefungitoattackanythingmadefromwood,woodpulp,cotton,flax,orotherplantmaterial.
Thedestructivepoweroffungiisimpressive.Theyaremajorcauseofstructuredamagetobuildingtimbers,acauseofdiseaseinanimalsandhumans,andoneofthegreatestcausesofagriculturallosses.Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting.Somefungicangrowat+50℃,whileotherscangrowat-50℃,soevenfoodincoldstoragemaynotbecompletelysafefromthem.Ontheotherhand,fungibringaboutthedecompositionofdeadorganicmatter,thisenrichingthesoilandreturningcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere,TheyalsoenterintoanumberofmutuallybeneficialrelationshipswithplantsandotherorganismsInaddition,lungarethesourceofmarryofthemostpotentantibioticsusedinclinicalmedicine,includingpenicillin.
1.Whatdoesparagraphonemainlydiscuss?
2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasamajorchangeinhowscientistsapproachthestudyoffungi?
3.Theskeletonsofshrimps,spidersandinsectsarementionedinparagraphonebecausethey()
.
4.FungihaveallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT()
.
5.Thepassagementions"penicillin"(lastline)asanexampleof().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.differencesbetweensimpleandcomplexfungi.
B.functionsofchlorophyllinplants.
C.functionsofsugarinthewallsoffungalcells.
D.differencesbetweenfungiandplants.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Fungiarenolongerclassifiedasplants.
B.Somesingle-celledorganismsarenolongerclassifiedasfungi.
C.Newmethodsofspeciesidentificationhavebeenintroduced.
D.Theoriesaboutthechemicalcompositionoffungihavebeenrevised.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.canbedestroyedbyfungi
B.haveunusualchemicalcompositions
C.containamaterialfoundinthewallsoffungalcells
D.secretethesameenzymesasthewallsoffungalcellsdo
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theygrowhyphae
B.Theysecreteenzymes
C.Theysynthesizecellulose
D.Theydestroycrops
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.amedicinederivedfromplants
B.abeneficialuseoffungi
C.aproductoftherelationshipbetweenplantsandfungi
D.atypeoffungithatgrowsatextremetemperatures
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:通讀第一段可知,本段主要是講真菌和植物的區(qū)別。
第2題:根據(jù)第一段的一、二句可知,真菌以前被列入植物類(lèi),但事實(shí)上它們與植物完全不同,因?yàn)樗鼈儧](méi)有葉綠素。所以這是真菌在科學(xué)家們研究的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的最重要的變化。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
第3題:根據(jù)第一段“Furthermorethewallsof...andinsectsaremade.”此外,真菌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞壁不像植物那樣是由纖維素構(gòu)成的,而是由另一種復(fù)雜的糖狀聚合物幾丁質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。這種聚合物被稱(chēng)為幾丁質(zhì),是蝦、蜘蛛和昆蟲(chóng)堅(jiān)硬外殼的材料。選項(xiàng)C正確。
第4題:根據(jù)第一段后半部分“becauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymes...”以及“Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting,”可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,D都是真菌的特點(diǎn),根據(jù)“thewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose”可知真菌無(wú)法合成纖維素。所以本題選C。
第5題:根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,前半部分是講真菌的壞處,后半部分則是講真菌的有益之處,penicillin是作為一個(gè)例子來(lái)闡明其益處,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.單選題
Johnstoodstaringattheghost,()withterror.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.transferred
B.transported
C.transfixed
D.transmitted
【答案】C
【解析】形近詞辨析題。transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;transported運(yùn)輸;transfixed使呆住、刺穿;transmitted遺傳、傳輸。句意:John站在那里看著那個(gè)鬼,嚇得不能動(dòng)彈。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
3.單選題
Thesuspect()thathehadnotbeenintheneighborhoodatthetimeofthecrime.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.advocated
B.alleged
C.addressed
D.announced
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)advocate“提倡,擁護(hù)”,B項(xiàng)allege“宣稱(chēng),斷言”,C項(xiàng)address“設(shè)法解決,致辭”,D項(xiàng)announce“宣布”。根據(jù)句子意思“嫌疑犯()說(shuō)案發(fā)時(shí)他不在附近”可知,空格部分填入allege最符合句意。句意:嫌疑犯聲稱(chēng)案發(fā)時(shí)他不在附近。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.flexible
B.loose
C.elastic
D.resourceful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flexible“靈活的;柔韌的;易彎曲的”;B選項(xiàng)loose“寬松的;散漫的;不牢固的”;C選項(xiàng)elastic“(物理上的)有彈性的;靈活的;易伸縮的”;D選項(xiàng)resourceful“資源豐富的;足智多謀的;機(jī)智的”。句意:把面團(tuán)揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有彈性,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Yourexcusethatanelephantfellonyouandmadeyoulateisjust(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inevitable
B.incredible
C.indispensable
D.incurable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inevitable意為“不可避免的”;incredible意為“不能相信的,難以置信的”;indispensable意為“不可或缺的,必不可少的”;incurable意為“無(wú)法治愈的”。由“anelephantfellonyou(一只大象落在你身上)”導(dǎo)致遲到這樣的借口,通常會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得這是難以置信的,因此選B。
句意:你找的借口說(shuō)一只大象落在你身上,使你遲到了,這根本是不可信的。
6.單選題
InAmericanuniversities,classesareoftenarrangedinmoreflexible(
)andmanyjobsoncampusarereservedforstudents.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.scales
B.ranks
C.grades
D.patterns
【答案】D
【解析】名詞辨析題。scale規(guī)模,比例;rank等級(jí);grade級(jí)別,階段;pattern模式。句意:在美國(guó)大學(xué),班級(jí)安排通常是靈活的模式,并且校園里有很多工作都是為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
7.單選題
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.
TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushow
littleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.
Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience(
).
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat"scientistsofthe18thcentury(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?
5.Theauthorbelievesthat(
)
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment
B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen
C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance
D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscience
B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch
C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature
D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn’tunderstand.
B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.
C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.
D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.
B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.
C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.
D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup
B.mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellect
C.soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthem
D.questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.文章第一段ifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict提到真正好的科學(xué)不可能被預(yù)測(cè),所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.文章第二段Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment(啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng))tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead提到如果我們中任何一個(gè)去告訴18世紀(jì)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)中那些最聰明的人,我們知道的很少并且前途迷茫,他們會(huì)對(duì)此表示驚訝。由此可知,這些科學(xué)家與我們的想法相反的,他們認(rèn)為他們知道的很多,并且能解決很多問(wèn)題,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.文章第二段Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps提到在早期我們要么假裝知道事物的工作原理,要么忽視問(wèn)題,或者簡(jiǎn)單的編造一些故事來(lái)填補(bǔ)空白。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.文章最后一段提到我們遲早會(huì)解決包括人類(lèi)意識(shí)在內(nèi)的所有我們能想到的問(wèn)題,還表示只要我們堅(jiān)持、專(zhuān)注,就能想到答案??梢钥闯鲎髡呤欠浅S行判牡?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.文章最后一段theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers提到會(huì)有一些問(wèn)題我們想不到,但是在我們的局限范圍內(nèi),我們應(yīng)該能夠努力得到所有的答案,由此可知我們不能想到所有問(wèn)題,但是可以解決能想到的問(wèn)題,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
8.單選題
Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied()intheareaonthenightofthefire.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobe
B.tohavebeen
C.havingbeen
D.be
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。Denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做過(guò)某事”。句意:警察指控他在大廈縱火,但是他否認(rèn)他在場(chǎng)當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
9.單選題
Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments(
)theexpectedinvestmentreturn.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.comparedin
B.ascomparing
C.compared
D.comparedwith
【答案】D
【解析】語(yǔ)法(分詞做狀語(yǔ))題。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn預(yù)計(jì)投資收益”在原句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是theamount,需要用表示被動(dòng)的過(guò)去分詞,排除B選項(xiàng);固定搭配becomparedwith,表示“與…相比”,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Realestatedevelopers,smallbusinessesandotherborrowershavecomplainedstrenuouslyinrecentweeksofweakeningsalesandscarcecredit.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.reluctantly
B.vigorously
C.continually
D.regularly
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.reluctantly不情愿地B.vigorously有力地
C.continually不斷地D.regularly有規(guī)律地,間隙均勻地
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。
【解題思路】strenuously的意思為“極力地,使勁地”,指的是房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商、小企業(yè)和其他借款人卯著勁地抱怨,vigorously,與之詞義相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。
【句意】房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商、小企業(yè)和其他借款人最近幾周一直在強(qiáng)烈抱怨銷(xiāo)售疲軟和信貸稀缺。
11.單選題
Mr.DelRiowasaskedtocondensehisreportinordertoallowhisaudiencesometimetoaskquestions.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.abbreviate
B.expand
C.continue
D.delay
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由后半句“為了使他的聽(tīng)眾能有時(shí)間提問(wèn)”可推測(cè)condensehisreport意為濃縮或簡(jiǎn)化他的報(bào)告。abbreviate使縮短,使簡(jiǎn)化;expand擴(kuò)大;continue繼續(xù);delay延遲。故A項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Mary()toseeyou.She()foryoudownstairsatthemoment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.hascome;iswaiting
B.came;iswaiting
C.hascome:waited
D.came;waswaiting
【答案】A
【解析】句意:瑪麗來(lái)看你了。此刻,她正在樓下等你。
語(yǔ)法題??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。后面句意表示“她正在樓下等你”,因此,第一句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在,表示“瑪麗已經(jīng)到這兒來(lái)看你”。
13.翻譯題
在當(dāng)今快速發(fā)展變化的世界,各行各業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神,而非某種不成熟的狹隘觀點(diǎn)。就現(xiàn)實(shí)而言,堅(jiān)實(shí)的人文和科學(xué)學(xué)科的教育通常會(huì)對(duì)很多具有挑戰(zhàn)性的高級(jí)職業(yè),以及越來(lái)越多的成年人追求的職業(yè)做著最實(shí)實(shí)在在的準(zhǔn)備。沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)特別的研究領(lǐng)域會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)成為安全感、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和個(gè)人滿(mǎn)足感的門(mén)票。
【答案】Intoday'sfastchangingworld,leadersinallwalksoflifeneedtohavesufficientimaginationandcriticalspirit,ratherthanthenarrowviewofsomeimmature.Realistically,thesolideducationinthehumanitiesandsciencesoftenbealotofchallengingseniorcareer,aswellasagrowingnumberofadultspursuingcareerdoingthemosttangiblepreparations.Thereisnooneparticularareaofresearchwillalwaysbeasenseofsecurity,leadershipandpersonalsatisfactiontickets.
14.單選題
Theeconomicdepressioninthelate-nineteenth-centuryUnitedStates(31)significantlytoagrowingmovementinliteraturetowardrealismandnaturalism.Afterthe1870’s,anumberofimportantauthorsbegantorejecttheromanticismthathad(32)immediatelyfollowingtheCivilWarof1861-1865andturned(33)torealism.(34)toportraylifeasitwas,with(35)toreallifeandaccuraterepresentationwithoutidealization,theystudiedlocaldialects,wrotestorieswhichfocusedonlifeinspecificregionsofthecountry,andemphasizedthe“true”relationshipsbetweenpeople.Indoingso,theyreflectedbroadertrendsinthesociety,(36)industrialization,evolutionarytheorywhichemphasizedtheeffectoftheenvironmentonhumans,andtheinfluenceofscience.
RealistssuchasJoelChandlerHarrisandEllenGlasgowdepictedlifeintheSouth,HamlinGarlanddescribedlifeontheGreatPlains,andSarahOrneJewettwroteabouteverydaylifeinruralNewEngland.Anotherrealist,BretHarte,achievedfame(37)storiesthatportrayedlocallifeintheCaliforniaminingcamps.
SamuelClemens,who(38)thepennameMarkTwain,becamethecountry’smostoutstandingrealistauthor,observinglifearoundhimwithahumorousandskepticaleye.Inhisstoriesandnovels,Twaindrewonhisownexperiencesanduseddialectandcommonspeechinsteadof(39)language,touching(40)amajorchangeinAmericanprosestyle.
Otherwritersbecameimpatientevenwithrealism.Pushingevolutionarytheorytoitslimits,theywroteofaworldinwhichacruelandmercilessenvironmentdeterminedhumanfate.Thesewriters,callednaturalists,oftenfocusedoneconomichardship,studyingpeoplestrugglingwithpoverty,andotheraspectsof(41)andindustriallife.Naturalistsbroughttotheirwritingapassionfordirectandhonestexperience.
TheodoreDreiser,theforemostnaturalistwriter,innovelssuchasSisterCarrie,(42)portrayedadarkworldinwhichhumanbeingswere(43)byforces(44)theirunderstandingorcontrol.Dreiserthoughtthatwritersshouldtellthetruthabouthumanaffairs,not(45)romance,andSisterCarrie,hesaid,was“notintendedasapieceofliterarycraftsmanship,butwasapictureofconditions.”
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.dedicated
B.contributed
C.fabricated
D.deliberated
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.debauched
B.weakened
C.enfeebled
D.prevailed
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.against
B.instead
C.over
D.forward
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Determined
B.Determine
C.Determining
D.Todetermine
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.deception
B.fantasy
C.realization
D.fidelity
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.withregardto
B.intermsof
C.suchas
D.regardlessof
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.with
B.on
C.by
D.about
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.created
B.innovated
C.adopted
D.renewed
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.literal
B.literate
C.literary
D.literature
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.about
B.off
C.on
D.with
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.suburban
B.urban
C.local
D.modern
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.grimly
B.fervidly
C.frigidly
D.frenziedly
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.tossedabout
B.helddown
C.endedup
D.builtup
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.between
B.within
C.beyond
D.off
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.fabricate
B.develop
C.converge
D.replenish
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
第6題:C
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:C
第10題:B
第11題:B
第12題:A
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:A
【解析】31.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)dedicate“致力,獻(xiàn)身”,dedicateto表示“獻(xiàn)身,把(時(shí)間、精力等)用于”;B項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn),出力”,contributeto表示“有助于,促成”;C項(xiàng)fabricate“制造,偽造”,D項(xiàng)deliberate“仔細(xì)考慮,商議”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處填入的詞和to搭配,C、D項(xiàng)可排除。由主語(yǔ)economicdepression(經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條)和賓語(yǔ)growingmovement(蓬勃發(fā)展的活動(dòng))可知,填入“促進(jìn)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:19世紀(jì)后期美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條顯著地促進(jìn)了文學(xué)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和自然主義發(fā)展的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
32.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)debauch“使墮落,使頹廢”,B項(xiàng)weaken“減少,使變?nèi)酢?,C項(xiàng)enfeeble“使衰弱,使無(wú)力”,D項(xiàng)prevail“盛行,流行,戰(zhàn)勝”。根據(jù)前半句句子意思“19世紀(jì)70年代以后,一些重要的作家開(kāi)始拒絕……浪漫主義”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中填入D項(xiàng)符合。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
33.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)against“反對(duì),違反”,B項(xiàng)instead“代替,反而”,C項(xiàng)over“倒下,翻轉(zhuǎn),關(guān)于”,D項(xiàng)forward“向前地,按順序地”。前面提到“一些重要的作家開(kāi)始拒絕1861-1865年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后盛行的浪漫主義”,所以后面的turned______torealism應(yīng)該是指“反而轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”。句意:19世紀(jì)70年代以后,一些重要的作家開(kāi)始拒絕1861-1865年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后盛行的浪漫主義,轉(zhuǎn)而轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
34.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從句子可知,句子不缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以空格處只能填入一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,B選項(xiàng)先排除;從句意可知,此處表示原因,D項(xiàng)不定式表目的也排除。這里是表示主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)狀態(tài),即“他們決定描繪真實(shí)的生活”,而determining強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作,和主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,所以determined更好。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
35.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deception“欺騙,欺詐”,B項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想,白日夢(mèng)”,C項(xiàng)realization“實(shí)現(xiàn),領(lǐng)悟”,D項(xiàng)fidelity“忠誠(chéng),精確,盡責(zé)”。根據(jù)該部分的意思“……真實(shí)的生活,準(zhǔn)確的表現(xiàn),而不是理想化”可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入“忠于”,D項(xiàng)符合。句意:他們決心描繪真實(shí)的生活,忠實(shí)于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活,準(zhǔn)確地表現(xiàn),而不是理想化;他們研究當(dāng)?shù)胤窖?,?xiě)故事,關(guān)注特定地區(qū)的生活,強(qiáng)調(diào)人與人之間的真實(shí)關(guān)系。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
36.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)withregardto“關(guān)于,至于”,B項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù),按照”,C項(xiàng)suchas“比如,諸如”,D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧,不管”。根據(jù)句意“在這樣做的過(guò)程中,他們反映了更廣泛的社會(huì)趨勢(shì),……工業(yè)化以及科學(xué)的影響”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中填入suchas符合句意。句意:在這樣做的過(guò)程中,他們反映了更廣泛的社會(huì)趨勢(shì),如工業(yè)化、強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境對(duì)人類(lèi)影響的進(jìn)化理論,以及科學(xué)的影響。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
37.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)with“具有,和,使用”,B項(xiàng)on“在……上”,C項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”,D項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于,目的是,針對(duì)”。根據(jù)句子可知,這里是指“另一位現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者通過(guò)故事成名”,所以B、D選項(xiàng)先排除?!癰y+某物”通常表示“某物”才是行為的主體,“with+某物”通常表示“人”才是行為的主體,此處的行為主體是人,所以填入with正確。句意:另一位現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者布雷特哈特因描寫(xiě)加州采礦營(yíng)地的當(dāng)?shù)厣疃擅R虼?,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
38.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造,創(chuàng)作”,B項(xiàng)innovate“創(chuàng)新,改革”,C項(xiàng)adopt“采取,接受,收養(yǎng)”,D項(xiàng)renew“使更新,續(xù)借”。根據(jù)penname(筆名)可知,adopt正確。句意:塞繆爾克萊門(mén)斯以馬克吐溫為筆名,成為美國(guó)最杰出的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家,用幽默和懷疑的眼光觀察周?chē)纳?。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
39.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)literal“文字的,逐字的”,B項(xiàng)literate“受過(guò)教育的,精通文學(xué)的”,C項(xiàng)literary“文學(xué)的,書(shū)面的”,D項(xiàng)literature“文學(xué),文獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處要填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾language,D項(xiàng)排除。前面提到dialectandcommonspeech(方言和共同語(yǔ)),結(jié)合insteadof(而不是)對(duì)比可知,空格部分表示“文學(xué)語(yǔ)言”符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
40.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于,目的是,針對(duì)”,B項(xiàng)off“不在,遠(yuǎn)離”,touchoff表示“觸發(fā),勾劃出,草草寫(xiě)”;C項(xiàng)on“在……上”,touchon表示“提及,談及”;D項(xiàng)with“具有,和,使用”,touchwith表示“用……觸摸,接觸”。根據(jù)空格后的信息amajorchangeinAmericanprosestyle(美國(guó)散文風(fēng)格的重大變化)可知,“引起、導(dǎo)致”符合語(yǔ)境,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:馬克?吐溫利用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn),使用方言和普通語(yǔ)言,而不是文學(xué)語(yǔ)言,引發(fā)了美國(guó)散文風(fēng)格的重大變化。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
41.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析和上下文理解。A項(xiàng)suburban“郊區(qū)的,城郊的”,B項(xiàng)urban“城市的,住在都市的”,C項(xiàng)local“當(dāng)?shù)氐?,地方性的”,D項(xiàng)modern“現(xiàn)代的,近代的”。這一段講述的是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義失去耐心的作家所描繪的世界,所以和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家所描繪的世界是不同的,上文提到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家描繪的是“南方生活、大平原生活、鄉(xiāng)村生活以及當(dāng)?shù)厣畹取?,所以A、C項(xiàng)在該段不太可能提及,先排除;而D項(xiàng)范圍太大,所以只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:這些作家被稱(chēng)為自然主義者,他們經(jīng)常關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)困難,研究在貧困中掙扎的人們,以及城市和工業(yè)生活的其他方面。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
42.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)grimly“可怕地,冷酷地”,B項(xiàng)fervidly“激情地,熱情地”,C項(xiàng)frigidly“冷淡地,呆板地”,D項(xiàng)frenziedly“極其激動(dòng)地,狂亂地”。根據(jù)句意“最重要的自然主義作家西奧多德萊塞在《嘉莉妹妹》等小說(shuō)中……描繪了一個(gè)黑暗的世界”可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A選項(xiàng)比較符合語(yǔ)境。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
43.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)tossabout“翻來(lái)覆去,折騰”,B項(xiàng)holddown“抑制,壓制”,C項(xiàng)endup“結(jié)束,死亡”,D項(xiàng)buildup“增進(jìn),加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)humanbeingswere______byforces(人類(lèi)被力量……)可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)能符合。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
44.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)between“(空間、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等)在……之間”,B項(xiàng)within“在……之內(nèi)”,C項(xiàng)beyond“在(或向)……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊,超過(guò),越過(guò)”,D項(xiàng)off“遠(yuǎn)離”。由后面的understandingorcontrol可知,空格處填入beyond符合。句意:著名的自然主義作家西奧多德萊塞在《嘉莉妹妹》等小說(shuō)中,冷酷地描繪了一個(gè)黑暗的世界,在這個(gè)世界里,人類(lèi)被他們無(wú)法理解或控制的力量所搖動(dòng)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
45.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fabricate“制造,偽造”,B項(xiàng)develop“開(kāi)發(fā),進(jìn)步”,C項(xiàng)converge“使匯聚”,D項(xiàng)replenish“補(bǔ)充,再裝滿(mǎn)”。由前面的truth對(duì)比可知,空格處填入fabricate表示“編造”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:德萊塞認(rèn)為,作家應(yīng)該講述人性的真實(shí),而不是編造愛(ài)情故事;他說(shuō)《嘉莉妹妹》不是一種文學(xué)技藝,而是一幅現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況的圖畫(huà)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
15.單選題
Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps20percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.
Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.
Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.
Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.
ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nevercellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.
Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.
FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.
46.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
47.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.
48.AllofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexceptthat______.
49.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.
50.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemade______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.
B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain.
C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofthebraincells.
D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.structureandfunction
B.colorandarrangement
C.sizeandarrangement
D.colorandfunction
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder
B.alearning-disabilitiesispersonshowsnooutwardsigns
C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation
D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain
B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain
C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain
D.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization
B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers
C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence
D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】46.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)在文章中沒(méi)有提到?”。A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的”,第五段第二句提到DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.(Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問(wèn)題引起的),可知A項(xiàng)在文中有提到。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大片區(qū)域受損造成的”,文章最后一句提到DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.(杜菲醫(yī)生說(shuō),他的研究證明,學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷,而不僅僅是左腦),可知B項(xiàng)在文中有提到。C項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的”,第四段最后兩句提到Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.(研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有按照它們應(yīng)有的方式排成一行;神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起)可知C項(xiàng)在文中有提到。只有D項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由大腦的未知區(qū)域引起的”在文中沒(méi)有提及。因此該題選D。
47.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人的腦細(xì)胞在……上與正常人不同?”。根據(jù)第四段第四句Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearningdisabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.(這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的;然而,對(duì)于有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人,這些細(xì)胞是灰色的)和第四段最后兩句Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.(研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒(méi)有按照它們應(yīng)有的方式排成一行;神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起),由此可知,有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人的腦細(xì)胞在顏色和結(jié)構(gòu)排列上和正常人的腦細(xì)胞不一樣。因此B項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。A項(xiàng)“結(jié)構(gòu)和功能”,C項(xiàng)“大小和排列”和D項(xiàng)“顏色和功能”都只是提到一部分。因此該題選B。
48.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“下列陳述除了哪一項(xiàng)其他都是正確的?”。A項(xiàng)“造成學(xué)習(xí)障礙的因素很多”,第二段第二句提到Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類(lèi)的學(xué)習(xí)障礙,它們是由許多不同的東西造成的),由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙是指沒(méi)有外在跡象的人”,第三段第二句提到Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.(沒(méi)有這種疾病的外在跡象),可知B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“閱讀障礙是一個(gè)影響10%人口的普遍問(wèn)題”,文中只提到了正常兒童和有閱讀問(wèn)題的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)存在很大差異,沒(méi)有提到閱讀障礙影響了多少人口比例,C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同”,根據(jù)第四段第二句Theyfoundtwounusualthings.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩件不尋常的事情)可知,D項(xiàng)也正確。因此該題選C。
49.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“Duffy博士相信……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.(達(dá)菲醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn),正常兒童和有閱讀問(wèn)題的兒童的大腦活動(dòng)存在很大差異。這種差異出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)大腦中。杜菲醫(yī)生說(shuō),他的研究證明,學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及到大腦的大面積損傷,而不僅僅是左腦。),由這一段內(nèi)容可知,Duffy博士相信學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)差異是出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)大腦中,而不僅僅是左腦,所以A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題并不局限于左腦”正確。B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題并不在于左腦”,這是偷換概念,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問(wèn)題是由左腦引起的”,內(nèi)容與原文不符;D項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”,內(nèi)容有點(diǎn)過(guò)度解讀,Duffy博士并未強(qiáng)調(diào)這是學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因。因此該題選A。
50.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)本文,我們可以得出結(jié)論,需要進(jìn)一步研究……”。文章全篇內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)障礙患者的大腦的生長(zhǎng)和組織方式,所以可以推斷,我們需要進(jìn)一步研究會(huì)影響大腦發(fā)育和構(gòu)造布局的因素,所以A項(xiàng)“研究對(duì)大腦發(fā)育和組織的可能影響”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“研究孩子們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)讀寫(xiě)和使用數(shù)字”,這與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān),B項(xiàng)不選;C項(xiàng)“幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童發(fā)展智力”,文章已經(jīng)提到學(xué)習(xí)障礙患者可能涉及大腦大面積損傷,所以再來(lái)討論如何幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的兒童發(fā)展智力沒(méi)有意義,C項(xiàng)也不選;D項(xiàng)“探索左腦在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”,文中末段提到學(xué)習(xí)障礙涉及整個(gè)大腦全面損傷,所以不可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步研究左腦,D項(xiàng)不符合。因此該題選A。
16.單選題
AlthoughHankappearsoutgoingandboldoncamera,inpersonheisalivingpictureofdocilityand______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.sycophantic
B.servile
C.submissive
D.slavish
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)sycophantic“說(shuō)奉承話(huà)的,阿諛的”,B項(xiàng)servile“奴性的,恭順的”,C項(xiàng)submissive“順從的,服從的”,D項(xiàng)slavish“照搬的,刻板模仿的”。根據(jù)although可知,句子前后表示對(duì)比,前面提到outgoingandbold(外向大膽),結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知docilityand______可填入B項(xiàng)表示“順從”。句意:雖然漢克在鏡頭前顯得外向而大膽,但他本人卻是一個(gè)溫順順從的活生生的形象。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
17.單選題
Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.
However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhilethefo
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