考研考博-英語-保定職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theuniverse（）weknowitmighthavebegunwithagreatexplosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.that

C.andwhich

D.and

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“正如”；B選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”；C選項(xiàng)andwhich“大概”；D選項(xiàng)and“并且”。句意：宇宙……我們知道它可能始于一次巨大的爆炸，結(jié)合句意，宇宙正如我們所知道的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

_______theyweretalking,thedawncameshiningthroughthewindowsoftheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Till

C.Themoment

D.Before

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)While“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；B選項(xiàng)Till“直到……才”；C選項(xiàng)Themoment“立刻，一……就”；D選項(xiàng)Before“在……之前”。句意：（）他們在交談；曙光透過房間的窗戶照了進(jìn)來。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng)填的連詞是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，所以排除B、D選項(xiàng)，答案選A；C選項(xiàng)不是連詞不能連接兩個(gè)句子，所以不選。

3.單選題

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofyourmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)state“狀態(tài)”；B選項(xiàng)case“案例”；C選項(xiàng)situation“情況”；D選項(xiàng)circumstance“狀況”。句意：決定你在考試中表現(xiàn)如何的一個(gè)重要因素是你的心態(tài)。本句表示思想的狀態(tài)，只能和state搭配，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.填空題

ThesedocumentsareallinChinese.Weneedto（1）themtranslated（2）Englishintime（3）themeetingwiththeforeignbusinessmen（4）Friday.

句意:這些文件都是漢語，我們需要在周五和外商開會(huì)前及時(shí)將他們翻譯成英語。

【答案】1.get

2.into

3.before

4.on

【解析】1.語法題。使役動(dòng)詞get在這里表示“使翻譯成…”。

2.固定搭配。Translate…into…將…翻譯成…

3.語義題。句意:在會(huì)議開始之前。

4.語法題?？疾榻樵~。在具體的某天前用介詞on。

5.單選題

_______nothingmoretosay,themangottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewas

B.Astherebeing

C.Being

D.Therebeing

【答案】D

【解析】考查therebe句型。therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格的用法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：男子沒有多說什么，起身道別，離開了房間。

6.單選題

Afterhavingdiscussedthematterwiththebankmanger,Peter（）receivedhisIoan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantly

B.instinctively

C.causally

D.inexpertly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在與銀行經(jīng)理討論這件事后，Peter即刻就得到了貸款。

考查副詞辨析。instantly立刻，立即，馬上；instinctively本能地；causally隨便地，偶然地，臨吋地；inexpertly外行地，不熟練地。因此A符合句意。

7.單選題

Fashionissomethingwedealwitheveryday.Evenpeoplewhosaytheydon'tcarewhattheywearchooseclotheseverymorningthensayalotaboutthemandhowtheyfeelthatday.

Onecertainthinginthefashionworldischange.Weareconstantlybeingshoweredwithnewfashionideasfrommusic,videos,books,andtelevision.Moviesalsohaveabigimpactonwhatpeoplewear.Ray-BansoldmoresunglassesafterthemovieMeninBlack.Sometimesafashionisworldwide.Backinthe1950s,teenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresley.

Fashionandstylesrevealwhatgroupspeoplearein,buttheyalsocreatestereotypesanddistancebetweengroups.Forinstance,abusinessmanmightlookataboywithgreenhairandpiercingsasanoutsider.Buttoanotherperson,hedressesacertainwaytodeliverthemessageofrebellionandseparation,butwithinthatgroupthelookisuniform.Theacceptanceorrejectionofastyleisareactiontothesocietywelivein.

Fashionisalanguagewhichtellsastoryaboutthepersonwhowearsit.“Clothescreatewordlessmeansofcommunicationthatweallunderstand,”accordingtoKatherineHamnett,atopBritishfashiondesigner.HamnettbecamepopularwhenherT-shirtswithlargemessageslike“ChooseLife”werewornbyseveralrockbands.

Fashionisanendlesspopularitycontest.Highfashionisthestyleofasmallgroupofmenandwomenwithacertaintasteandauthorityinthefashionworld.Peopleofwealthandposition,buyersformajordepartmentstores,editorsandwritersforfashionmagazinesareallpartofhighfashion.Someoftheseexpensiveandoftenartisticfashionsmaytriumphandbecomethefashionforthelargermajority.Moststayontherunway.

Popularfashionsareclosetoimpossibletotrace.NoonecantellhowtheshortskirtsandbootswornbyteenagersinEnglandin1960madeittotherunwaysofParisorhowbluejeansbecamesopopularintheU.S.,orhowhip-hopmadeitfromthestreetofBronxtothefashionshowsofLondonandMilan.

“Intheperspectiveofcostumehistory,itisplainthatthedressofanygivenperiodisexactlysuitedtotheactualclimateofthetime.”accordingtoJamesLaver,anotedEnglishcostumehistorian.Howdidbell-bottomjeansfadeintothedesignerjeansandbootslookofthe1980sintothebaggylookofthe1990s?Nobodyreallyknows.

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexamplethatteenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresleyinthe1950sshowsthat（）

2.Aboywithgreenhairandmultiplepiercings（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedamongpopularfashions?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueoffashionintermsofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisconstantchangeinthefashionworld

B.starssetworld-widetrendsinfashion

C.fashionissomethingwedealwitheveryday

D.teenagerscanshowthemselvesoffwithwhattheyarewearing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mightbelookeddownuponbyabusinessman

B.deliversthemessageofrebellionandseparationtoallthepeople

C.managestorevealthathisstyleisunique

D.mightbeacceptedbysomepeopleinthesociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Shortboots.

B.Baggyskirts.

C.Hip-hop.

D.Bell-bottomjeans.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplecangetsomeideasofapersonbythefashionhewears.

B.Mostofexpensiveandartisticfashionsfailtobepopularwithcommonpeople.

C.Thefashionworldischaracterizedbyconstantchanges.

D.Popularfashionsareofgreathelptotracecostumehistory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexamplethatteenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresleyinthe1950sshowsthat______.1.根據(jù)第二段，20世紀(jì)50年代各地的青少年都穿得像貓王一樣的例子表明______。

A.thereisconstantchangeinthefashionworldA.時(shí)尚界一直在變化

B.starssetworld-widetrendsinfashionB.明星引領(lǐng)全球時(shí)尚潮流

C.fashionissomethingwedealwitheverydayC.時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對的事情

D.teenagerscanshowthemselvesoffwithwhattheyarewearingD.青少年可以通過他們的穿著來炫耀自己

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由題干的關(guān)鍵詞ElvisPresley定位到第二段“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化。我們不斷從音樂、視頻、書籍和電視中獲得新的時(shí)尚理念。電影對人們的穿著也有很大的影響?！逗谝氯恕飞嫌澈?，雷朋太陽鏡銷量增加。有時(shí)候一種時(shí)尚是世界性的。20世紀(jì)50年代，世界各地的青少年都穿得像貓王。”，這一段是說時(shí)尚的三個(gè)特點(diǎn)，變化，電影的影響，世界性；貓王是美國著名搖滾明星，他的例子放在第三個(gè)，舉例說明明星的影響可以讓全世界的人都追求同一種時(shí)尚。B項(xiàng)“明星引領(lǐng)全球時(shí)尚潮流”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚界一直在變化”在第二段第一句提到“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化”，結(jié)合解題思路可知，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對的事情”在第一段第一句提到“時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對的事情”，也與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“青少年可以通過他們的穿著來炫耀自己”在原文沒有相關(guān)表述，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Aboywithgreenhairandmultiplepiercings______.2.一個(gè)長著綠色頭發(fā)、穿了多個(gè)洞的男孩______。

A.mightbelookeddownuponbyabusinessmanA.可能會(huì)被商人看不起

B.deliversthemessageofrebellionandseparationtoallthepeopleB.向所有人傳達(dá)叛逆和離間的信息

C.managestorevealthathisstyleisuniqueC.成功地展示了他的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格

D.mightbeacceptedbysomepeopleinthesocietyD.可能會(huì)被社會(huì)上一些人接受

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中間兩句“一個(gè)商人可能會(huì)把一個(gè)長著綠色頭發(fā)和穿洞的男孩看作局外人。但對另一個(gè)人來說，他的著裝方式傳達(dá)了反叛和分離的信息，在這個(gè)群體中，他的著裝是一致的。”，可知，留著綠色頭發(fā)和身上多處穿孔的男孩不被商人所接納，但對于另一些人來說，他用這樣的方法表達(dá)他的叛逆和隔離，在這個(gè)群體里大家和他都一樣。也就是說即使怪異也會(huì)被另一些人所接受，D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)被社會(huì)上一些人接受”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)被商人看不起”中的lookdownupon（看不起）與原文中的asanoutsider（看作局外人）不符合，曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“向所有人傳達(dá)叛逆和離間的信息”由第三段倒數(shù)第二句的toanotherperson（對另一個(gè)人）可知，是對少數(shù)人即能理解這種穿著的人才能傳遞出反叛和分離的信息，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“成功地展示了他的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格”沒有原文依據(jù)，無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedamongpopularfashions?3.下列哪一種不屬于流行時(shí)尚？

A.Shortboots.A.短靴。

B.Baggyskirts.B.寬松的裙子。

C.Hip-hop.C.嘻哈風(fēng)格。

D.Bell-bottomjeans.D.喇叭牛仔褲。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句“沒有人能說出1960年英國青少年穿的短裙和靴子是如何在巴黎的跑道上流行的，或者牛仔褲是如何在美國如此流行的，或者嘻哈是如何從布朗克斯的街頭流行到倫敦和米蘭的時(shí)裝秀的”，從中可知，只有B選項(xiàng)“寬松的裙子”在文中沒有提及。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“短靴”和C項(xiàng)“嘻哈風(fēng)格”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于流行時(shí)尚，反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“喇叭牛仔褲”在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“喇叭褲（bell-bottomjeans）是如何從20世紀(jì)80年代的設(shè)計(jì)師牛仔褲和靴子風(fēng)格變成90年代的寬松風(fēng)格的呢？”，可知該項(xiàng)也屬于流行時(shí)尚，反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueoffashionintermsofthispassage?4.就這篇文章而言，下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于時(shí)尚是不正確的？

A.Peoplecangetsomeideasofapersonbythefashionhewears.A.人們可以通過一個(gè)人的穿著來了解他。

B.Mostofexpensiveandartisticfashionsfailtobepopularwithcommonpeople.B.大多數(shù)昂貴而有藝術(shù)感的時(shí)裝并沒有受到普通人的歡迎。

C.Thefashionworldischaracterizedbyconstantchanges.C.時(shí)尚界的特點(diǎn)是不斷變化。

D.Popularfashionsareofgreathelptotracecostumehistory.D.流行時(shí)裝對追溯服裝歷史有很大幫助。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“時(shí)尚流行幾乎不可能被追蹤（Popularfashionsareclosetoimpossibletotrace）”，可知，時(shí)尚流行幾乎不能被追蹤，那就是說流行時(shí)裝不可能對溯源服裝歷史有幫助，D選項(xiàng)“流行時(shí)裝對追溯服裝歷史有很大幫助”與原文的表述意義相反。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“人們可以通過一個(gè)人的穿著來了解他”在第三段第一句話有提到“時(shí)尚和風(fēng)格揭示了人們屬于哪個(gè)群體”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)昂貴而有藝術(shù)感的時(shí)裝并沒有受到普通人的歡迎”根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“其中一些昂貴的藝術(shù)時(shí)尚可能會(huì)成功，成為大多數(shù)人的時(shí)尚。大多數(shù)都留在T臺(tái)上了。”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚界的特點(diǎn)是不斷變化”根據(jù)第二段的第一句“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

MarywasashyWomanandtook______behindaratherforbiddingbluntnessofmanner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuge

B.kindness

C.fright

D.appearance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。refuge“避難”；kindness“好意”；fright“驚嚇”；appearance“外貌”。句意：瑪麗是一個(gè)害羞的女人，遇到令人害怕的直率行為就趕緊躲避。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)

中國政府已做出了重大的努力，動(dòng)員人民因地制宜地開展改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的工作。我們還要做出更大的努力來提高人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)。需要新聞媒體廣泛宣傳我國的環(huán)境政策，普及環(huán)境知識(shí)，使每一個(gè)人投入保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的行動(dòng)中去。

【答案】TheChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstomobilizepeopletoimproveecologicalenvironmentaccordingtolocalconditions.Wewilldoubleourefforttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.Thenewsmediaareneededtopublicizetheenvironmentalpolicyinourcountry,popularizetheknowledgeaboutenvironment,makingeverycitizentakeanactivepartinecologicalenvironmentprotection.

10.單選題

Itisironicthatthe_______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】original...cliches原始的,獨(dú)創(chuàng)的陳詞濫調(diào);banal...beliefs陳腐的信仰;dubious…h(huán)abits可疑的習(xí)慣;philosophical...questions哲學(xué)的問題。句意：具有諷刺意味的是,偉大思想家的獨(dú)到見解經(jīng)常被人提出,以至于成為陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(擁擠).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸縮的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鳴器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不應(yīng)該由汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“能量來源”正確。B選項(xiàng)“驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”，C選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“載客人數(shù)”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未來的汽車的主要問題仍在城市交通擁擠），可知作者最關(guān)心交通擁擠的問題，結(jié)合下文對如何解決這個(gè)問題展開設(shè)想，所以C選項(xiàng)“如何解決交通堵塞的問題”正確，A選項(xiàng)“如何使汽車無污染”和B選項(xiàng)“如何制造更小更安全的汽車”：這是未來汽車發(fā)展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最關(guān)心的，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“如何開發(fā)自動(dòng)化地鐵系統(tǒng)”：文章沒有提到開發(fā)地鐵系統(tǒng)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦連接到軌道上，汽車將由該系統(tǒng)提供電力，汽車的控制將通過中央計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行。），汽車接到鐵軌上以后就有了電力，所以A選項(xiàng)“鐵軌”正確，計(jì)算機(jī)控制器控制汽車，故D選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)控制器”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可伸縮的機(jī)械臂”：根據(jù)第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一個(gè)可伸縮的機(jī)械臂從自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)向下和鐵軌連接），可知機(jī)械臂不提供電力，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司機(jī)就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鳴器提醒他到下一個(gè)出口。），可知司機(jī)需要聽從系統(tǒng)的提示，按照提示操作，所以D選項(xiàng)“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確，B選項(xiàng)“等待到達(dá)他的目的地”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“保持在右車道行駛”和C選項(xiàng)“與計(jì)算機(jī)中心保持聯(lián)系”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲觀的專家認(rèn)為汽車注定會(huì)被淘汰。），結(jié)合作者下文提出未來汽車的發(fā)展方向，可知作者不贊同悲觀的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（據(jù)估計(jì)，自動(dòng)化公路每小時(shí)將能夠處理1萬輛汽車，而現(xiàn)在的公路只能運(yùn)送1500到2000輛汽車。），在文章最后作者大膽預(yù)料未來汽車的情況，可知作者看好未來汽車的發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂觀”正確，B選項(xiàng)“悲觀”和D選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“熱情”不明顯。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.negligent

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negative“負(fù)的，消極的，否定的”；B選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C選項(xiàng)serenity“平靜，寧靜”；D選項(xiàng)custody“保管，監(jiān)護(hù)，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護(hù)工將沸騰的開水倒入浴缸，導(dǎo)致一名病人死亡，這個(gè)是測試他是否嚴(yán)重_____。根據(jù)原句邏輯，這個(gè)護(hù)工導(dǎo)致病人死亡，可見他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.

Occasionallythemovementofafamilyawayfromasituationwhichhasbeenthesourceoffrictionresultsingreaterfamilyorganization,butonthewholemobilityisdisorganizing.

Individualsandfamiliesareinvolvedinthreetypesofmobility:movementinspace,movementupordowninsocialstatus,andthemovementofideas.Thesearetermedrespectivelyspatial,vertical,andideationalmobility.

Agreatincreaseinspatialmobilityhasgonealongwithimprovementsinrailandwatertransportation,theinventionanduseoftheautomobile,andtheavailabilityofairplanepassengerservice.Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.Italsomeansthatwhenindividualfamilymembersorthefamilyasawholemoveawayfromacommunity,thepersonorthefamilyisremovedfromthepressuresofrelatives,friends,andcommunityinstitutionsandstability.Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.

Oneindexoftheincreaseinverticalmobilityisthegreatincreaseintheproportionofsons,andtosomeextentdaughters,whoengageinoccupationsotherthanthoseoftheparents.

Anotherindexofverticalmobilityisthedegreeofintermarriagebetweenracialclasses.Thisoccursalmostexclusivelybetweenclasseswhichareadjacenttoeachother.Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.

Theincreaseinideationalmobilityismeasuredbytheincreaseinpublications,suchasnewspapers,periodicals,andbooks,theincreaseinthepercentageofthepopulationowningradios,andtheincreaseintelevisionsets.Allthesetendtointroducenewideasintothehome.

Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.

1.Intermarriageanddifferentoccupationsplayanimportantroleinfamilydisorganizationbecause（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutpeoplelivinginatraditionalfamilyaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscansummarizethepassage?

4.Potentialdisorganizationexistsinthosefamiliesinwhich（）.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatawell-organizedfamilyisafamilywhosemembers（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theypermitonetocomeintocontactwithdifferentwaysofbehaviorandthinking

B.theyenablethechildrentotravelaroundwithouttheirparents’permission

C.theyallowonetofindagoodjobandimproveone’ssocialstatus

D.theyenablethechildrentobetterunderstandthewaysofbehavioroftheirparents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarelesslikelytoquarrelwithothersbecauseofconventionalityandstability.

B.Theyhavetodependontheirrelativesandfriendsiftheydonotmoveawayfromit.

C.Theywillhavemorefreedomofactionandthoughtiftheymoveawayfromit.

D.Theycangetmorehelpfromtheirfamilymembersiftheyareintrouble.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Socialdevelopmentresultsinadeclineintheimportanceoftraditionalfamilies.

B.Themovementofafamilyisoneofthefactorsinraisingitssocialstatus.

C.PotentialdisorganizationispresentintheAmericanfamily.

D.Familydisorganizationismoreorlesstheresultofmobility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bothparentshavetoworkfulltime

B.thehusband,wife,andchildrenworktoohard

C.thehusband,wife,andchildrenseldomgettogether

D.thefamilymembersaresubjecttosocialpressures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.neverquarrelwitheachotherevenwhentheydisagree

B.arenotpsychologicallywithdrawnfromoneanother

C.oftenhelpeachotherwithtrueloveandaffection

D.areexposedtothesamenewideasintroducedbybooks,radios,andTVsets

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Intermarriageanddifferentoccupations”可以定位到文章第六段最后一句Engaginginadifferentoccupation,orintermarriage,likespatialmobility,allowsonetocomeincontactwithwaysofbehaviordifferentfromthoseoftheparentalhome,andtendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren.（從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚，就像空間流動(dòng)一樣，會(huì)讓人接觸到不同于父母家的行為方式，并有可能讓父母和孩子分開。），說明從事不同的職業(yè)或通婚會(huì)讓人接觸到不同的行為方式。因此A選項(xiàng)“它們使人能夠接觸到不同的行為方式和思維方式”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使孩子們能夠在未經(jīng)父母允許的情況下四處旅行”，C選項(xiàng)“能讓人找到一份好工作，提高自己的社會(huì)地位”，D選項(xiàng)“能讓孩子更好地理解父母的行為方式”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“traditionalfamily”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Spatialmobilityresultsinadeclineintheimportanceofthetraditionalhomewithitsemphasisonfamilycontinuityandstability.（空間的流動(dòng)性導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降，傳統(tǒng)家庭強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性。），說明傳統(tǒng)家庭十分注重家庭連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，接著第四、五句說到Evenmoreimportantisthefactthatspatialmobilitypermitssomemembersofafamilytocomeincontactwithandpossiblyadoptattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingdifferentfromthoseheldbyotherfamilymembers.Thepresenceofdifferentattitudes,values,andwaysofthinkingwithinafamilymay,andoftendoes,resultinconflictandfamilydisorganization.（更重要的是，空間的流動(dòng)性使一些家庭成員能夠接觸到并可能采取不同于其他家庭成員的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式。在一個(gè)家庭中存在不同的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式可能，而且經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突和家庭混亂。），說明空間的流動(dòng)性讓部分家庭成員接觸并采納了其他家庭不同的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思考方式，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致家庭的沖突和混亂，而傳統(tǒng)家庭是反對空間流動(dòng)性的，那么也就不容易出現(xiàn)沖突、爭吵的現(xiàn)象。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)和穩(wěn)定性，他們不太可能與他人爭吵”正確。C選項(xiàng)“如果他們離開傳統(tǒng)家庭，會(huì)有更多的行動(dòng)和思想自由”，文中提到的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀和思維方式只涉及了思想方面可能產(chǎn)生的變化，而沒有提到行動(dòng)上的，所以C錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)绻话犭x傳統(tǒng)家庭，就必須依靠親戚朋友”，D選項(xiàng)“如果他們遇到困難，可以從家人那里得到更多的幫助”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:主旨大意題。文章首句說到Mobilityofindividualmembersandfamilygroupstendstosplitupfamilyrelationships.（個(gè)體成員和家庭群體的流動(dòng)性往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系的破裂。）這是文章的主旨句，句中的splitupfamilyrelationships（家庭關(guān)系破裂）是mobility（流動(dòng)性）導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，且與后文的disorganizing（無組織化）相對應(yīng)，接下來全文都圍繞著這一句展開論述，闡述流動(dòng)性是如何導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系破裂的。因此D選項(xiàng)“家庭的無組織化或多或少是流動(dòng)性的結(jié)果”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)家庭的重要性下降”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“家庭的流動(dòng)性是提高其社會(huì)地位的因素之一”顛倒了因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是社會(huì)地位的變化導(dǎo)致了家庭的流動(dòng)性，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“美國家庭中存在潛在的混亂現(xiàn)象”只是文中提及的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Potentialdisorganization”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Potentialdisorganizationispresentinthosefamiliesinwhichthehusband,wife,andchildrenarespatiallyseparatedoveralongperiod,orarelivingtogetherbutseeeachotheronlybrieflybecauseofdifferentworkschedules.（在一些家庭中，丈夫、妻子和孩子長時(shí)間在空間上分開，或者雖然住在一起但因?yàn)楣ぷ靼才挪煌荒芏虝旱匾娒?，這些家庭就存在潛在的混亂。），說明潛在的混亂存在于那些丈夫、妻子和孩子很少見面的家庭中。因此C選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子很少在一起”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母都要全職工作”，D選項(xiàng)“家庭成員要承受社會(huì)壓力”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“丈夫、妻子、孩子工作太辛苦了”，原文只提到了不同的工作安排，并未提到工作太辛苦，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章中提到了三種流動(dòng)性使家庭變得無組織化，第四段提到spatialmobility（空間的流動(dòng)性）導(dǎo)致了conflictandfamilydisorganization（沖突與家庭混亂），第六段提到verticalmobility…tendstoseparateparentsandtheirchildren（垂直的流動(dòng)性可能會(huì)讓父母和孩子分開），第八段提到Whenindividualfamilymembersareexposedtoandadoptthenewideas,thetendencyisforconflicttoariseandforthoseinconflicttobecomepsychologicallyseparatedfromeachother.（當(dāng)個(gè)別家庭成員接觸和采用新觀念時(shí)，沖突傾向就會(huì)產(chǎn)生，沖突中的人在心理上就會(huì)彼此分離。），說明空間的流動(dòng)性、垂直的流動(dòng)性和思想的流動(dòng)性會(huì)使家庭變得無組織化，由此可以逆向推斷出有組織性的家庭不會(huì)出現(xiàn)以上問題，即家庭成員之間不會(huì)有隔閡。因此B選項(xiàng)“彼此之間沒有心理上的隔閡”正確。C選項(xiàng)“常以真情相助，感情深厚”沒有涉及問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，所以C錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“即使意見不一致，也不會(huì)相互爭吵”，D選項(xiàng)“接觸到的都是書本、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)所介紹的新思想”表述都過于絕對，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。

14.單選題

HissuccessfulnegotiationswiththeAmericanshelpedhim（

）hispositioninthegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrive

B.heave

C.intensify

D.consolidate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:與美國的成功談判幫他鞏固了自己在政府中的地位。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Contrive圖謀,發(fā)明,設(shè)計(jì);heave用力舉起,投擲;intensify(使)加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng),加劇;consolidate使加強(qiáng),使鞏固。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hisposition(地位)可知D符合句意。

15.單選題

Manyscientistsremain（）aboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.stationary

C.spacious

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。skeptical“懷疑的”；stationary“固定的，靜止的”；spacious“寬敞的，廣闊的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科學(xué)家對這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值保持懷疑。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Therearenowadaysnotmanyteacherswhoarestrong

oftraditionalmethodsinclassroomteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Sponsors“贊助商”；contributors“貢獻(xiàn)者，參與者”；advocates“擁護(hù)者，提倡者”；performers“表演者，執(zhí)行者”。句意：現(xiàn)在提倡在教學(xué)中使用傳統(tǒng)方法的老師不多了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitati