考研考博-英語-三明學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三明學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

1.根據(jù)牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn),白光是所有可見光疊加而成的。這就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉藍色色調(diào),白光就會變?yōu)辄S色,還有其他例子等等。然而當把顏料的所有顏色混合,我們會得到黑色,這就是典型的減色理論,黑色代表所有顏色都存在。加色是透射光的領(lǐng)域的概念,減色是色素、染料和化學(xué)品的領(lǐng)域的概念。

2.但是我們對創(chuàng)新的追求究竟是為了實現(xiàn)什么呢?創(chuàng)新就是一種重要的新產(chǎn)品或者新程序,或者是一項制度,能夠在實際生活中大范圍的應(yīng)用,對經(jīng)濟和社會有著革命性的意義,就是以更低成本實現(xiàn)更高的工作效益。遺憾的是我們現(xiàn)在幾乎把一切事情都用創(chuàng)新來形容,因為不是所有創(chuàng)新都能給社會財富的増長和生活的改善提供一個長久的平臺。

3.睡眠問題研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),總的來說,大多數(shù)人都是隨著年齡的增加,睡眠問題卻越來越少,上了年紀的人反而對失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改變都發(fā)生在20歲到60歲之間。那些經(jīng)歷著睡眠問題的人,應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生才好。因為他們經(jīng)歷的問題也許是某種生病的跡象,也許是一些藥物的副作用。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.

2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.

3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.

2.單選題

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

問題1選項

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結(jié)果是,生產(chǎn)";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計劃明年生產(chǎn)一萬臺電腦以滿足市場的需求。turnout在這里是生產(chǎn)的意思,所以選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

問題1選項

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項spokesman“發(fā)言人；代言人”；B選項demagogue“煽動者；煽動家；煽動政治家”；C選項representative“代表；典型；眾議員；銷售代表”；D選項politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控為一名……，因為他的承諾在聽眾中激起了無用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的聽眾中激起了無用的希望）可知B選項與其意思對應(yīng)正確，結(jié)合此處語境，B選項正確。

4.單選題

Forreasonsyettobefullyunderstood,oneoutoftenhumanbeingsintheworldisleft-handed,andfromonegenerationtothenext,thisratioisroughlypreserved.Asweknow,left-handednesscutsacrosssocioeconomic,ethnic,andgenderlines.Yetthroughouthistoryprominentfiguresinscience—tosaynothingofreligion—haveidentifiedinleft-handednesssignsofviciousnessorworse.In1903,ItalianphysicianCesareLombrosoidentifiedleft-handednessasoneofthedegeneracysignsoftheborncriminals.Threeyearslater,Dr.WilhelmFliesssuggestedthatleft-handednesswasareliableidentificationofhomosexuality.Andin1937BritishpsychologistCyrilBurtdeclaredleft-handednesstobeamarkofanill-organizednervoussystem.

Asdemonstratedbyallthe“therapeutic”coercionthatleft-handedchildrenweresubjectedtoduringthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,thesebiaseshadmorethanjustatheoreticalimpact.Yetevenwhenthisgauchepredilectionwasbeingdiscouraged,handismwascertainlynevertakenasseriouslyasracismorsexismnowis.Perhapsit’sthearbitrarynatureofthetraitthathasmilitatedagainstmeaningfuldiscrimination.Afterall,evenwhenbothparentsareright-handed,thereisstilla10percentchancethattheywillbringaleft-handedbabyintotheworld.Moreover,awhitebabyborninScaresdaleisjustaslikelytobeleft-handedasablackbabyinHardem.Hencewhentheleft-handedGeorgeBushbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStates,itwashardlyinterpretedasablowagainstprejudice.NorwasmuchattentionpaidtothefactthatRonaldReaganandGeraldFordwerealsosouthpaws.

36.Left-handednessis______.

37.Accordingtothepassage,left-handedness______.

38.Theword“handism”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.

39.Theword“southpaws”attheendofthepassagemeans______.

40.Judgingfromthecontext,Scaresdaleisaplaceinhabitedby______.

問題1選項

A.athingthatiscultivated

B.athingthatoccursbypurechance

C.athingofgeneticinheritance

D.athingthatoccursmoreinprominentfigures

問題2選項

A.isdiscouragedbutnotdiscriminatedagainst

B.hascauseddiscriminationasseriousassexismandracism

C.isasubjectthathasdrawnmoreandmoreattention

D.isanadvantageinrunningforpublicoffice

問題3選項

A.beingskillfulwithone’shands

B.qualityofbeingconvenient

C.discriminationagainstleft-handedpeople

D.encouragementtousebothhandsinsteadofone

問題4選項

A.aboxerfromthesouth

B.apoliticianfromasouthernstate

C.apersonwithextraordinarilylargehands

D.aleft-handedperson

問題5選項

A.whitepeople

B.blackpeople

C.mixedraces

D.richpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】36.【選項釋義】

36.Left-handednessis______.36.左撇子是______。

A.athingthatiscultivatedA.需要后天培養(yǎng)的

B.athingthatoccursbypurechanceB.一種純屬偶然的現(xiàn)象

C.athingofgeneticinheritanceC.一種遺傳現(xiàn)象

D.athingthatoccursmoreinprominentfiguresD.多出現(xiàn)在杰出人物身上

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第三和第四句“也許是這種特征的隨意性（arbitrarynature）阻礙了有意義的歧視。畢竟，即使父母都是右撇子，他們生下左撇子嬰兒的幾率仍有10%?！?，理解可知，左撇子并不受遺傳影響，從arbitrarynature（隨意性）可以看出，左撇子是偶然發(fā)生的。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“需要后天培養(yǎng)的”從原文可知，左撇子是天生的，該項反向干擾；

C選項“一種遺傳現(xiàn)象”也與原文相反，反向干擾；

D選項“多出現(xiàn)在杰出人物身上”從第一段第二句“我們知道，左撇子跨越了社會經(jīng)濟、種族和性別的界限”可以看出，左撇子在所有的社會、人種和性別中都有，并不是在杰出人物中更多，所以該項曲解原文。

37.【選項釋義】

37.Accordingtothepassage,left-handedness______.37.根據(jù)文章，左撇子______。

A.isdiscouragedbutnotdiscriminatedagainstA.是不被鼓勵的，但不是被歧視的

B.hascauseddiscriminationasseriousassexismandracismB.已經(jīng)造成了像性別歧視和種族歧視一樣嚴重的歧視

C.isasubjectthathasdrawnmoreandmoreattentionC.是一個越來越受到關(guān)注的話題

D.isanadvantageinrunningforpublicofficeD.是競選公職的一個優(yōu)勢

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】從第二段中的第二和第三句“然而，即使這種笨拙的偏好被勸阻時，它從來沒有像現(xiàn)在的種族主義或性別歧視那樣被嚴肅對待。也許是這種特征的隨意性阻礙了有意義的歧視?！保瑥闹锌芍?，左撇子并沒有受到歧視，只是生活中有些氣餒。所以A選項“是不被鼓勵的，但不是被歧視的”符合題干。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“已經(jīng)造成了像性別歧視和種族歧視一樣嚴重的歧視”和C選項“是一個越來越受到關(guān)注的話題”與原文表述并不符合，曲解原文；

D選項“是競選公職的一個優(yōu)勢”文中未提及，無中生有。

38.【選項釋義】

38.Theword“handism”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.38.第二段中的“handism”一詞很可能是______的意思。

A.beingskillfulwithone’shandsA.雙手靈巧

B.qualityofbeingconvenientB.方便的特點

C.discriminationagainstleft-handedpeopleC.對左撇子的歧視

D.encouragementtousebothhandsinsteadofoneD.鼓勵人們用兩只手而不是一只手

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句“handism從來沒有像現(xiàn)在的種族主義或性別歧視那樣被嚴肅對待（handismwascertainlynevertakenasseriouslyasracismorsexism）”，從中可知handism是與racism和sexism類似的構(gòu)詞法，而racism和sexism都是表示歧視的意思，所以推測handism也表示“對使用左手的歧視”。C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“雙手靈巧”、B選項“方便的特點”和D選項“鼓勵人們用兩只手而不是一只手”都與原文不符，無中生有。

39.【選項釋義】

39.Theword“southpaws”attheendofthepassagemeans______.39.文章最后的單詞“southpaws”的意思是______。

A.aboxerfromthesouthA.來自南方的拳擊手

B.apoliticianfromasouthernstateB.一位來自南部州的政治家

C.apersonwithextraordinarilylargehandsC.手特別大的人

D.aleft-handedpersonD.一個左撇子的人

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一句“羅納德?里根和杰拉爾德?福特也是（werealso）southpaws，這一點也沒有引起太多關(guān)注”，從werealso可以看出，這一句是上一句的承接句，表示和上一句相同的意思；根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容“因此，當左撇子（left-handed）喬治?布什成為美國總統(tǒng)時，很難被理解為是對偏見的打擊”，綜合理解可知，southpaws是left-handed的意思。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“來自南方的拳擊手”和C選項“手特別大的人”文中沒有提及，無中生有；

B選項“一位來自南部州的政治家”對原文表述不符，曲解原文。

40.【選項釋義】

40.Judgingfromthecontext,Scaresdaleisaplaceinhabitedby______.40.從文章來看，斯卡斯代爾是______居住的地方。

A.whitepeopleA.白人

B.blackpeopleB.黑人

C.mixedracesC.混合種族

D.richpeopleD.富人

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Scaresdale定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句“此外，出生在斯卡斯代爾的白人嬰兒和出生在哈德姆的黑人嬰兒一樣，都有可能是左撇子”，從中可知，斯卡斯代爾是白人居住的地方，而哈德姆是黑人居住的地方。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“黑人”是居住在哈德姆，而不是斯卡斯代爾，張冠李戴；

C選項“混合種族”和D選項“富人”沒提及，無中生有。

5.單選題

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

問題1選項

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

問題2選項

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

問題3選項

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

問題4選項

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

問題5選項

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening（這些視覺錯覺之所以出現(xiàn)，是因為大腦不斷地將身體的信號與現(xiàn)實情況相匹配，并解釋即將發(fā)生的事情）可知C選項“在大腦中解釋即將發(fā)生的事情”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors（在理想條件下，每個視錐都能“看到”整個彩虹光譜的可見色）可知選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.（視桿和視錐沿著視覺神經(jīng)以平均20到25次的脈沖傳遞信息）可知D選項“沿視覺神經(jīng)”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.（我們看到一個圖像的時間比它實際出現(xiàn)的時間要長一秒。在電影中，靜止的圖像以每秒24幀的速度投射到屏幕上，使我們的眼睛誤以為看到的是一幅連續(xù)不斷運動的畫面）可知A選項“我們看到的圖像通常比實際顯示的要長”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了視網(wǎng)膜中的視桿和視錐細胞，視桿細胞主要負責(zé)夜視，視錐細胞主要負責(zé)顏色，因此B選項“告訴我們眼睛器官的不同功能”符合題意。

6.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

問題1選項

A.spontaneously

B.instantaneously

C.simultaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項的spontaneously“自發(fā)地，非籌劃安排地”；B選項的instantaneously“即刻，突如其來地”；C選項的simultaneously“同時地”；D選項的conscientiously“憑良心地，認真地，負責(zé)盡職地”。根據(jù)句意‘如果炸彈爆炸，飛機上的乘客就會被炸身亡。因為這是一個與飛機起飛同步的定時爆炸的炸彈’確定C選項正確。

7.翻譯題

航天是當今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動性的高科技領(lǐng)域之一，航天活動深刻改變了人類對宇宙的認知，為人類社會進步提供了重要動力。當前，越來越多的國家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

8.單選題

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

問題1選項

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。consideration“考慮;報酬”;judgment“判斷,辨別力”;estimate“估計,判斷”。句意:這座建筑物的實際成本比我們原來的估計高得多。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

問題1選項

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。beamatsb.“對某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯著某人；怒視某人”；grimace“扮鬼臉”；peepat“偷窺”。句意：當他們走進鄉(xiāng)村小店時，柜臺后面的老婦人朝他們友好地微笑。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Althoughfamilyaffairsarethoughttobe（）,manypubliclawsaffectingallofusarebasedonwhatisthoughttobecorrectbehavioroffamilymembers.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.delicate

C.ordinary

D.private

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。complicated復(fù)雜的;delicate微妙的,精致的;ordinary普通的,平凡的;private私人的,私有的,秘密的。句意：雖然家庭事務(wù)被認為是私密的,但許多影響我們所有人的公共法律都是建立在家庭成員的正確行為之上的。選項D符合句意。

11.單選題

Inthepastfortyyears,weatherforecastinghasbecomealmost（）computerized.

問題1選項

A.centrally

B.totally

C.nationally

D.extremely

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項centrally“在中心”；B選項totally“完全地”；C選項nationally“全國性地”D選項extremely“非常，極其”。句意：在過去的四十年里，天氣預(yù)報已經(jīng)幾乎完全計算機化了。因此B項符合句意。

12.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,_______theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.Buttheyareharmfultoenvironment.

問題1選項

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項byvirtueof“由于”；B選項inadditionto“除……之外（還有，也）”；C選項forthesakeof“為了……的利益”；D選項asopposedto“與……截然相反”。句意：塑料袋雖然_______干凈、韌性強和成本低，可以盛裝很多種食物，但是對環(huán)境有害。根據(jù)語境，這里指塑料袋因為干凈等特點，所以可以盛裝食物，所以byvirtueof“由于”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

13.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫寧根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【參考譯文】

香蕉作為一項重大收入來源，同時又是數(shù)百萬人的營養(yǎng)供給源，因此巴拿馬病毒成為當前的一個大問題。全球盛產(chǎn)香蕉的國家有135個。聯(lián)合國將香蕉，水稻，小麥和玉米列為最重要的作物。香蕉還富含一種能使人感到愉悅的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

42.【參考譯文】

普羅慈說如果疾病擴散至拉丁美洲，它將威脅到世界經(jīng)濟以及數(shù)百萬人的食品供應(yīng)。他說，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亞科學(xué)家們正研究可抵御巴拿馬疾病的轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉，但是普羅慈認為人們是否能接受轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉仍然是一個問題。

43.【參考譯文】

荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學(xué)的研究人員正在尋找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種，這是一項艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新品種香蕉需抵抗巴拿馬疾病并能經(jīng)得起長時間運輸。因為香蕉需運輸?shù)綆浊Ч锿獾氖袌?。當然，得嘗起來美味。

14.問答題

Toattractcapital,smallbanksarealwayswillingtoraisetheirdepositratestothehigherendof

A

B

thegovernment-setbandtoattractcapital,whilebigplayersusuallykeeptheirratesata

C

D

discountof10percent.

【答案】試題答案：B;upperend

【解析】考查詞義。higherend意為“高端”，表示等級、檔次等較高的；upperend意為“上端”，

theupperendgovernment-setband此處表示“政府設(shè)置的上線值”。

15.單選題

Membersofaristocracydon’t______agreatdealofpowernowadays.

問題1選項

A.wield

B.manipulated

C.manage

D.sway

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項wield“使用，行使”，B項manipulate“操縱，操作，巧妙地處理”，C項manage“管理，經(jīng)營，控制”，D項sway“影響，統(tǒng)治，使搖動”?？崭裉幥懊嬗兄鷦釉~do，所以后面的動詞應(yīng)該用動詞原形，排除B選項；賓語是power，只有wieldpower“掌握權(quán)利”符合語境。句意：現(xiàn)在貴族成員沒有多少權(quán)力。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

16.單選題

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

問題1選項

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和藹可親的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent無知的。句意：主火車站和展覽館周圍的區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)出古代歷史和自然歷史的完美結(jié)合。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)填入的為褒義詞,所以選項B符合語境。

17.單選題

In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.

Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.

ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.

In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.

Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.

Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."

Thepurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhat

（

）.

Theauthor’stoneis（

）.

問題1選項

A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo

B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo

C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem

D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears

問題2選項

A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.

B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.

C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.

D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.

問題3選項

A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.

B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.

C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.

D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.

問題4選項

A.negative

B.objective

C.sarcastic

D.satirical

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了伽利略為“日心說”做出的努力以及遭受的追害，所以B選項“對伽利略的人生經(jīng)歷進行了簡要的介紹”正確;A選項“討論天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是對文章細節(jié)的表述；C選項“對兩種不同的太陽系理論進行討論”和D選項“表明在過去的三百年中科學(xué)是怎樣發(fā)展的”沒有在文章中提及。

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他們將其判以終生監(jiān)禁，但很快就改判為軟禁家中，如此結(jié)束了伽利略的教學(xué)生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被軟禁在家中，然后根據(jù)文章第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中與世長辭，那時他仍處在軟禁期間”可知伽利略被軟禁在自己家中長達9年，所以A選項正確。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認伽利略日心說的正確性”確定B選項“天主教沒有接受伽利略的日心說”表述錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”確定C選項“伽利略發(fā)明了望遠鏡’錯誤；D選項“新教徒執(zhí)行審訊”沒有在文章中提及。

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教終于承認伽利略日心說的正確性”確定A選項“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”錯誤；B選項“在現(xiàn)代，伽利略的理論被證明是錯誤的”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)并且根據(jù)常識也可以判斷該選項是錯誤的；根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因為那些被指控為異端邪說的人最終都被判以死刑”確定C選項“審訊很少對被指控的人處以殘酷的刑罰”表示錯誤；根據(jù)文章對伽利略經(jīng)歷的介紹可知在17世紀時天主教為了維護現(xiàn)狀，不承認伽利略的理論，所以D選項正確。

觀點態(tài)度題。作者客觀地介紹了伽利略為“日心說”所付出的努力和天主教的態(tài)度和做法，所以B選項“客觀的”正確。

18.單選題

InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallment(分期付款)sincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（1）indicatethatmorethan60percentoftheyearlyretailsales(零售)intheU.S.arecredittransaction.Aboutthreefourthsofthecreditsalesaremadeontheinstallmentplan.Morethanhalfoftheautomobiles,（2）,andhouse-holdappliancesarepurchasedontheinstallmentplan.

Manyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases;（3）,theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofgoodsboughtinthiswayisalways（4）thanthepricethatwouldbepaid（5）cash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerwillhavetopayaproport