考研考博-英語-山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

The（

）languageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.lively

C.indecent

D.humorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“人工的，人造的”；B選項(xiàng)lively“精力充沛的，生氣勃勃的”；C選項(xiàng)indecent“不得體的，不合適的，粗鄙的”；D選項(xiàng)humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由veryignorantandrude（非常無知和粗魯）可知地方官員的語言應(yīng)該是“不得體的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官員的不得體語言使他們顯得非常無知和粗魯。

2.單選題

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contemporary“當(dāng)代的；同時(shí)代的”；B選項(xiàng)comely“清秀的，標(biāo)致的”；C選項(xiàng)disinterested“無私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉潔的”；D選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比賽結(jié)果上必須是公正的，否則他可能試圖去做出有利于一支球隊(duì)的裁定。結(jié)合句意，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承認(rèn)作某事”，為固定搭配?！胺稿e(cuò)”這個(gè)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在“承錯(cuò)誤”這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，根據(jù)admitted（admit的過去式）可知空格處應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)，因此選C。句意：警方承認(rèn)在逮捕一名無辜男子時(shí)犯了錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace."

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（腎上腺素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil'sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis.

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger.

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise.

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來說幾乎都是一個(gè)問題，每個(gè)人害怕的事物不一樣，所以這里提到的我們這些特殊的生物是指對(duì)某種事物感到害怕。選項(xiàng)A正確，選項(xiàng)B，C，D都是指某一類人害怕的東西，不能以偏概全，所以錯(cuò)誤。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，恐懼是一種有用的情感是因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兠鎸?duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)快速做出反應(yīng)并自我保護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。其他選項(xiàng)都只涉及生理反應(yīng)而忽略了心理反應(yīng)，太片面。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題。也就是說，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)被認(rèn)為比實(shí)際上更大時(shí)，恐懼就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐懼的影響。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”從出生開始，他或她更容易學(xué)習(xí)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競爭激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競爭激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的?！庇纱丝芍?，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement實(shí)施,執(zhí)行；complement補(bǔ)充；supplement增補(bǔ)；compliment恭維,稱贊。句意：政府承諾實(shí)施新的制度來控制金融貸款機(jī)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Theattorneywantedto（

）theprocess,asherclientwasbecomingimpatient.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expedite

B.evaluate

C.reverse

D.justify

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。expedite“加快進(jìn)展，迅速完成”；evaluate“評(píng)價(jià)，估價(jià)”;reverse“顛倒，掉換”；justify“為…辯護(hù)，對(duì)…做出解釋”；根據(jù)句意‘律師想（

）進(jìn)度，因?yàn)樗目蛻糇兊貌荒蜔┝??！_定A選項(xiàng)“加快進(jìn)展，迅速完成”符合題意。

8.單選題

Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.

Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.

Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.

Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.

Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.

Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.

Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.

1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?

2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.

3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?

4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?

5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof

（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.

B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.

C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.

D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonly

B.aperiodicdietwithalittlefood

C.acalorie-consistentdiet

D.adietlastingforfivedaysonly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Energysupplements.

B.Sportdrinks.

C.Meatandfish.

D.Foodwithadditives.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nicebodyshape.

B.Psychologicalwell-being.

C.Betterhealthinoldage.

D.Goodrelationswithothers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.healthyteas

B.populardiets

C.fastfood

D.weight-reducingmedicines

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?

B.SayNotoStarvation.

C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.

D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段最后一句，“Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.(現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中人類需要吃東西生存，要把（饑餓狀態(tài)對(duì)人們健康有益）這個(gè)理念傳遞給大眾不是一件容易的事。)”從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“themodifiedversionoftheconcept”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段最后一句和第四段第一句?！癶avedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.(設(shè)計(jì)了一種他們稱之為“空腹模擬節(jié)食”的飲食方式，它提供了讓自己挨餓的所有好處，而且減少了一點(diǎn)饑餓。)”“Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.(該計(jì)劃每月持續(xù)五天，每三個(gè)月重復(fù)一次。)”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段?！癙eopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.(節(jié)食的人喝蔬菜湯，能量棒，能量飲料和低熱量的零食薯?xiàng)l，喝很多甘菊茶。他們還服用了以蔬菜為基礎(chǔ)的膳食補(bǔ)充劑。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第六段第二句?！癐nhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.(對(duì)于人類，這種計(jì)劃能夠帶來一些體質(zhì)的變化，從而降低一些例如血糖和胰島素等隨著年齡增長而帶來的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”從而得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“AtkinsandPaleo”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段，根據(jù)“Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.(Vijg認(rèn)為，像Atkins和Paleo那樣，模仿禁食的飲食可能會(huì)成為下一個(gè)商業(yè)品牌的飲食熱潮。)”即可得出本題答案。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“…calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.（間歇性地限制熱量攝入，似乎是保持長期健康的途徑之一。）”“fastingmimickingdiet（禁食模仿飲食）”，可知作者在本文探討的是這種階段性節(jié)食是否能夠長壽。從而得出本題答案。

9.單選題

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級(jí)比較中，第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意：一種新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感，也許有一天它能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。

10.單選題

Harnessingthewindto（）electricitydatesbackto1890.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manufacture

B.yield

C.grow

D.generate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:利用風(fēng)來發(fā)電可追溯到1890年。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Manufacture制造,加工;yield出產(chǎn)(作物),產(chǎn)生(收益、效益等),提供,放棄;grow擴(kuò)大,增加,增強(qiáng);generate產(chǎn)生,引起,發(fā)(電)。故D符合句意。

11.翻譯題

科學(xué)的最終目的是提供一種描繪整個(gè)宇宙的簡單理論。然而，大多科學(xué)家實(shí)際采用的方法是將這個(gè)問題分成兩個(gè)部分。第一部分是一些告知我們宇宙隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化的方式的規(guī)律。第二部分是對(duì)宇宙初始狀態(tài)的疑問。有些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)只應(yīng)該關(guān)注第一部分。他們把宇宙初始狀態(tài)的問題看成是玄學(xué)或宗教要回答的問題。

【答案】Theultimateaimofscienceistoobtainasimpletheorywhichcandescribesthewholeuniverse.However,mostscientistsineffectseparatetheissueintotwoparts.Thefirstpartiscomposedoflawshowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Thesecondpartconsistsofthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverse.Somepeoplebelievethatscienceshouldonlyfocusonthefirstpartwhereasthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverseshouldbeansweredbymetaphysicsorreligions.

12.單選題

Likemanyloversofbooks,Maryandherhusband,RichardGoldman,seldomwalkedpastabookstorewithoutstoppingtolookinside.Theyoftentalkedofopeningtheirownstoreoneday.

WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.Richard,whoworkedforabusinesscompany,waseagertoworkforhimself,andMaryneededtoslowdownfromherdemandingjob.

Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.“Weknewithadtobeaspecialtystorebecausewecouldn’tmatchthebigchainsdollarfordollar.”saysMary.Onefigurecaughtherattention:She’dreadsomewherethatroughly20percentofbookssoldweremysteries,andmanybuyersspentmore$300ayearonbooks.SheandRichardwerethemselvesmysteryreaders.

OnHalloween1992,theyopenedtheMysteryLoversBookshopandCafeneartheirhome.Withthreechildrenincollege,thecouplecouldnotspendallthefamily’smoneytostartashop.Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.

Thestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales.ButMarywasalwayscomingupwithnewwaystoattractcustomers.Theshophadacoffeebaranditofferedgiftstomysteryloversandserveddinnersforbookclubsthatmetinthestore.Shealsoinviteddozensofwriterstodiscusstheirstories.

TodayMysteryLoversmakessalesofabout$420,000ayear.Afterpayingtaxes,businesscostsandthesixpart-timesalesclerks,RichardandMarytogetherearnabout$34,000.

“Thejobyoulovemaynotgohandinhandwithamillion-dollarincome,”saysRichard.“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.”

1.WhenMarywasinhospital,thecouplerealizedthat（

）.

2.AfterMarygotwellfromherillnesstheybegan（

）.

3.Howdidtheirbookstoredointhefirstyear?

4.AccordingtoRichard,themainpurposeofrunningthebookstoreis（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeaboutdoingsomethingyoulikebutcannotearnlotsofmoney?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyhadtoputtheirplanintopractice

B.healthwasmoreimportantthanwealth

C.hearttroublewasaseriousillness

D.theybothneededtostopworking

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tostudyindustrialmanagement

B.tobuyandreadmoremysterybooks

C.todomarketresearchonbookbusiness

D.toworkhardertosavemoneyforthebookstore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhadtoborrowmoneytokeepitgoing.

B.Theymadejustenoughtocoverallthecosts.

C.Theysucceededinearningalotofmoney.

D.Theyfailedthoughtheyworkedhard.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.topayfortheirchildren’seducation

B.togettoknowmorewriters

C.tosetupmorebookstores

D.todowhattheyliketodo

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Heisforit.

B.Heisagainstit.

C.Hehasnospecialattitude.

D.Wedon’tknow.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段講述了Mary夫婦特別喜歡書，他們經(jīng)常談?wù)撚幸惶扉_一個(gè)自己的書店。再由第二段“WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.1989年瑪麗因心臟病住院時(shí)，他們決定是時(shí)候認(rèn)真對(duì)待這件事了?！笨芍狹ary夫婦決心認(rèn)真對(duì)待他們的開書店的計(jì)劃。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.他們首先與書店老板交談，并對(duì)這個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)行了研究?！笨芍麄冮_始對(duì)書店行業(yè)進(jìn)行市場調(diào)研。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.為了支付這10萬美元的費(fèi)用，他們從親戚和銀行借了一部分存款?！币约暗谖宥巍癟hestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales這家店在開業(yè)第一年僅僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了收支平衡，銷售額只有12萬美元”可知B項(xiàng)“他們賺的僅夠支付成本”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.對(duì)我們自己來說，這一直是一種享受生活的方式，而不是為了賺很多錢?！笨芍猂ichard開書店的原因是出于對(duì)書的熱愛。故D項(xiàng)“做自己想做的事情”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。全文講述了一對(duì)夫婦出于對(duì)書的熱愛，最后開了一家書店的故事，沒有涉及作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。故C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Onhergraduationfromcollege,Helenwasmarriedtoaclergyman,thepriestofaneighboring（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.division

B.district

C.parish

D.region

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)division“除法，部門，分配”；B選項(xiàng)district“區(qū)域，地方，行政區(qū)（尤指官方指定范圍的區(qū)域）”；C選項(xiàng)parish“教區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)region“地區(qū)，范圍，部位（只指比較大的一片區(qū)域）”。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，海倫嫁給了鄰近（）的一位牧師。根據(jù)后面的“牧師”一詞，可以得出她應(yīng)該是嫁給了臨近教區(qū)的一位牧師，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（當(dāng)我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，我們的外表和我們對(duì)別人的表現(xiàn)可能比我們生命中的任何時(shí)候都更讓我們擔(dān)心）排除A、B選項(xiàng)；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受我們自己的現(xiàn)狀，很少有足夠的勇氣來忽略時(shí)尚的趨勢）可知C選項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有忽視時(shí)尚的東西”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告把時(shí)尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成時(shí)尚變化的原因是有很多種，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某種原因，你可以用你喜歡的方式來裝束，也可以用你喜歡的方式，或者用你喜歡的方式對(duì)待你的頭發(fā)，而不是你所應(yīng)該的方式，因?yàn)樗菚r(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會(huì)更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，因此選D。

第5題:主旨大意題。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）以及后面作者的舉例，可知在正式場合下需要注意著裝，因此選A。

15.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthe