考研考博-英語-山西管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

SomeuniversitiesandcollegesinChinarequiretheirPhDstudentstopublishresearchpapersinEnglish.Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsaboutyouropiniononthisrequirements.

【答案】PublishingPapersinEnglishBenefitStudents2.單選題

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

問題1選項

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“與……相一致”；turnedout“結(jié)果是”。句意：如果大魚正好逢上極端高潮，可能會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的洪水。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot（

）tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問題1選項

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項conservative“保守的，守舊的”；B選項content“滿足，愿意”；C選項confident“自信的，有把握的”；D選項generous“慷慨的”。根據(jù)空格后的第二個分句句意‘他們想要那種能參與其中的藝術(shù)’可知空格所在句句意是‘輕人不滿足于站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品，’B選項正確。

4.單選題

Sheisavery________womantoshoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice.

問題1選項

A.vague

B.vogue

C.versatile

D.vulgar

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vague模糊的，含糊的B.vogue流行，時尚n.

C.versatile多才多藝的，多功能的D.vulgar庸俗的，粗俗的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處作定語修飾下文的“woman（女人）”，表示她是一個什么樣的女人。由“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高聲喊叫）”可知，這是對該女人的描述，大喊大叫的人通常是粗俗、不雅的。vulgar指沒有好的品味或不禮貌的，因此D選項vulgar“庸俗的，粗俗的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項vague“模糊的，含糊的”指沒有關(guān)于某事物足夠的信息或細(xì)節(jié)，一般不用來形容人，不能和“woman（女人）”進行搭配；

B選項vogue“流行，時尚”是一個名詞，指在特定的時間和地點流行的東西，不能用來作定語修飾“woman（女人）”；

C選項versatile“多才多藝的，多功能的”指某人能做很多不同的事情或某物有許多不同的用途，不能和“shoutlikethatatthetopofhervoice（高聲喊叫）”相對應(yīng)。

【句意】她是一個非常粗俗的女人，竟那樣高聲喊叫。

5.單選題

ThePrimeMinisterrefusedto（）ontherumorthathehadplannedtoresign.

問題1選項

A.explain

B.comment

C.remark

D.talk

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。explain“說明，解釋”；comment“評論”；remark“評論”；talk“談話”。句意：首相拒絕就關(guān)于他計劃辭職的傳言發(fā)表看法。選項B符合題意。

6.填空題

AustrianphysicianAlfredAdlertheorizedthatpeopleareprimarilymotivatedtoovercomeinherentfeelingsof________.(inferior)

【答案】inferiority

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】feelingsof________是名詞所有格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以橫線處應(yīng)為名詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞inherentfeelings，可知這里講的和感受相關(guān)，feelingofinferiority的意思為“自卑感”，inferiority符合語境。

【句意】奧地利醫(yī)生阿爾弗雷德?阿德勒提出理論，即人們的動機主要是克服內(nèi)在的自卑感。

7.單選題

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

問題1選項

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項adjacentto“鄰近的，毗連的”，B項attachedto“附屬于，系于”，C項farfrom“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”，D項adjourningto“轉(zhuǎn)移會址，（集會人移動會場）到另一個地方”。根據(jù)句子意思“我們住在一個小村莊……高速公路和出沒的重型卡車”可知，空格處表示“毗連”符合語境。句意：我們住在一個靠近公路的小村莊，那里到處都是重型卡車。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

8.單選題

Weallwanttostandfirstinline,firstintheheartsofourcountry,firstinthepolls,firstinthestandings.The（1）ofNumberOneissurelyanimportantthinginsports,butforuniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportantasbeing（2）thebest.

Thetwenty-firstcenturyshowsno（3）ofinterestamongresearchers,institutions,donors,boardsoftrustees,andgovernmentsinusingvariousuniversityrankingsto（4）theperformanceofhighereducationinstitutions.Mostnationalresearchuniversitiesmeasurethemselves（5）awiderangeofdimensionsthattheinstitutionsbelieveimportantfordeterminingimprovementandsuccess.Atthesametime,nosingleindicatororcompositenumber（6）representswhatanindividualinstitutionhasdone,cando,orwilldo.Toimprovethequalityandproductivityofa（7）nationalresearchuniversity,itsfaculty,students,staff,andsupportersneedto（8）anumberofindicatorsthat,（9）together,giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength（10）tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry.

Manyindicators（11）thispurpose,butmostobserversknowthatresearch（12）morethananythingelsein（13）thebestinstitutions.Initsannualreports,TheCenterprovidesboththe（14）researchanddevelopmentexpendituresandthehighly-competitivefederally（15）researchanddevelopmentexpendituresasindicatorsofresearchscale.（16）thedollarsgiveagoodapproximationofresearchactivity,（17）isthefacultywhoprovidethecriticalresourceforuniversitysuccess,andTheCenterreportsthenumberofmembersoftheNationalAcademiesamonganinstitution’sfacultyalongwiththenumberofsignificantfacultyawardsearnedasindicatorsoffacultydistinction.Studentsprovidea（18）indicatorbyreflectingboththeexternallyperceivedqualityoftheinstitutionand（19）withtheirowncredentialsanimportantcontributiontothatquality.Forthegraduateandresearchinstructionaldimension,TheCenterprovidesthenumberofdoctorates（20）andthenumberofpostdoctoralappointmentssupported;andTheCenteroffersmedianSATscoresasindicatorsofstudentcompetitiveness.

問題1選項

A.eager

B.ambition

C.pursuit

D.desire

問題2選項

A.in

B.among

C.for

D.on

問題3選項

A.fewer

B.lessening

C.weaker

D.worsening

問題4選項

A.assess

B.assume

C.comment

D.reflect

問題5選項

A.as

B.for

C.on

D.in

問題6選項

A.moderately

B.accurately

C.equitably

D.fairly

問題7選項

A.major

B.main

C.basic

D.fundamental

問題8選項

A.pursue

B.evaluate

C.follow

D.appraise

問題9選項

A.taken

B.got

C.getting

D.taking

問題10選項

A.reference

B.superior

C.close

D.relative

問題11選項

A.meet

B.serve

C.fill

D.integrate

問題12選項

A.implies

B.means

C.symbolizes

D.matters

問題13選項

A.determining

B.disclosing

C.differentiating

D.defining

問題14選項

A.total

B.whole

C.major

D.sum

問題15選項

A.recognized

B.sponsored

C.sponsoring

D.recognizing

問題16選項

A.However

B.Therefore

C.While

D.Nevertheless

問題17選項

A.that

B.which

C.this

D.it

問題18選項

A.second

B.double

C.twice

D.twin

問題19選項

A.providing

B.provide

C.provided

D.provision

問題20選項

A.won

B.awarded

C.awarding

D.winning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】（1）語義連接。此處表示對第一的爭奪,追求。Eager渴望;ambition抱負(fù);pursuit追求;desire要求。

（2）邏輯分析。..foruniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportant：對許多大學(xué)來說，成為第一并不重要...。universities:用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式，可推測此處為：在一堆的大學(xué)中進行比較，故選擇B項。

（3）語義連接。第一段提到到處可以見到爭“第一”的現(xiàn)象，所以這種現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)在依舊沒有減少，由此得出選擇B:減輕，變小，nolessening:沒有減小，符合句意。Fewer更少;lessening減輕，變小;weaker較弱的;worsening惡化的。

（4）動詞辨析?？崭裉庍xA,意思是:評估高等院校的績效。A:評估;B:假設(shè);C:評論;D:反映。

（5）固定搭配。onawiderangeofdimensions：在一個更為廣闊的空間。

（6）副詞辨析。上一句提到評估要在一個更為廣闊的空間進行，所以下一句句意為:nosingleindicatororcompositenumber...represents：單個的指標(biāo)或合成數(shù)不能準(zhǔn)確地反映出情況，選B:精準(zhǔn)地，準(zhǔn)確地。A:適度地;C:公正地;D:公平地。

（7）固定搭配。majornationalresearchuniversity：重點國家級研究型大學(xué)。

（8）動詞辨析。對大學(xué)的評估要依據(jù)不同的指標(biāo)，故選擇C，依據(jù)。A:追趕;B:評價，評估;D:評價，鑒定。

（9）固定搭配。takentogether：總算，合起來。

（10）短語辨析。giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength20tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry:對其成績與實務(wù)給出一個合理的近似值，參照國內(nèi)最好的大學(xué)。由此得出選擇D:relativeto:相對于，涉及，有關(guān)。A:參考，參照，是名詞，后面不接介詞。B:superiorto:優(yōu)于，比...越。C:closeto:接近。

（11）動詞辨析。上文提到對研究院的考核要遵循一些指標(biāo)，故Manyindicatorsservesthispurpose：許多指標(biāo)服務(wù)于這個目的，故選擇B:服務(wù)。

（12）動詞辨析。句意:研究院的成果對學(xué)院的考核很重要。因此D項符合句意。A:暗示;B:手段，方式;C:象征，代表;D:要緊。

（13）動詞辨析。此處句意為:依據(jù)指標(biāo)對研究院進行考核，再評定其是不是最好的學(xué)院。故D項符合句意。A:測定，決定;B:公開;C:區(qū)分;D:定義，界定。

（14）形容詞辨析。Initsannualreports意思是:在年度報告中。所以推測此處為:搜集全部的資料。故選A。

（15）動詞辨析&語法分析。此處指的是聯(lián)邦政府對大學(xué)的贊助。這里應(yīng)該用sponsor的過去分詞形式,表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生。

（16）邏輯分析。此處表示:從事研究所需的經(jīng)費到齊之時。故選擇C:當(dāng)...時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

（17）語法分析。此處為強調(diào)句型：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其他部分。故選擇D。A:那個;B:哪個;C：這個。

（18）語義連接。句子中用到：both...and:兩者都...，可知這兩方面都發(fā)揮了作用，故選擇B:雙重的，兩倍的。

（19）動詞辨析。此處意思為:學(xué)生們提供了一些指標(biāo)反映學(xué)院的實力，故選擇A:提供，現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨,表主動。B:提供;C:假如;D:規(guī)定，條款。

（20）固定搭配。doctoratesawarded：被授予博士頭銜。

9.單選題

SapphiraandtheSlaveGirlwasthelastnovelofWillaCather’sdistinguishedliterarycareer.Beguninthelastsummerof1937andfinallycompletedin1941,itisoftenregardedbycriticsasoneofhermostpersonalworks.Althoughthestorytakesplacein1856,wellbeforeherownbirth,shedrewheavilyonbothvividchildhoodmemoriesandtaleshandeddownbyolderrelativestodescribelifeinruralnorthernVirginiainthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Sheevenwentonanextendedjourneytotheareatogivethestoryafurtherringofauthenticity.

OfallofCather’smanynovels,SapphiraandtheSlaveGirlistheonemostconcernedwithprovidinganoverallpictureofdaytodaylifeinaspecificera.Anumberofthenovel’scharacters,itwouldseem,areincludedinthestoryonlybecausetheyarerepresentativeofthetypeofpeopletobefoundin19th-centuryruralVirginia;indeed,afewofthemplaynopartwhatsoeverinunfoldingoftheplot.Forinstance,weareintroducedtoapoorwhitewomen,MandyRinger,whoisportrayedasintelligentandcontent,despitethefactthatshehasnoformaleducationandmusttoilconstantlyinthefields.AndwemeetDr.Clevenger,acountrydoctorwho,withhisrefinedmanners,evokesastrongimageofthepre-CivilWarSouth.

Thetitle,however,accuratelysuggeststhatthenovelismainlyaboutslavery.Cather’sattitudetowardthisinstitutionmaybestbesummedupassomewhatambiguous.Ontheonehand,shedisplaysalmosttotalindifferencetothelegalandpoliticalaspectsofslaverywhenshemisidentifiescertaincrucialdatesinitsgrowthanddevelopment.Nordoessheeverreallyofferadirectcondemnationofslavery.Yetontheotherhand,theevilofslaverygetsthroughtous.

Althoughintypicallysubtleways,thosecharacters,likeMrs.Blake,whoopposeinstitutionareportrayedinasympatheticlight.Furthermore,thesufferingoftheslavesthemselvesandthepetty,nasty,oftencruelbehavioroftheslaveownersarepaintedinharshterms.

AlthoughSapphiraandtheSlaveGirlwascertainlynotmeanttobeapoliticaltract,thenovelissometimesconsideredtobeadenunciationofbygonedays.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Inspiteofherwillingnesstoacknowledgethatparticularaspectsofthepastwerefarfromideal,WillaCatherwas,ifanything,abitofaromantic.Especiallyinthefinalyearsofherlife,anincreasingnoteofangerabouttheemptinessofthepresentcreptintoherwriting.Earliergenerations,sheconcluded,hadbeentherealheroes,therealcreatorofallthatwasgoodinAmerican.

1.InthediscussionofWillaCather’sSapphiraandtheSlaveGirl,theauthorreferstothebook

primarilyasa（）.

2.Inparagraph2,MandyRingerandDr.Clevengerarementionedinordertoemphasizewhichpoint

aboutSapphiraandtheSlaveGirl?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whyisWillaCather'sattitudetowardslavery“somewhatambiguous”

(paragraphs)?

4.Incontext,“abitofaromantic”(paragraph4)suggeststhatWillaCather（）.

問題1選項

A.heroictaleoftheCivilWar

B.sweepingepicoftheoldSouth

C.politicaltreatiseonslavery.

D.storybasedonpersonalmaterial

問題2選項

A.OneofCather’spurposesinwritingthenovelwastopaintafullportraitoflifeinruralVirginiaintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.

B.ThenoveldisplayCather’smixedfeelingaboutslavery

C.Cathertookfouryearstocompletethenovelbecauseshecarefullyresearchedhercharacters.

D.AnumberofthecharactersinthenovelarebasedonpeopleCatherknewinherchildhood.

問題3選項

A.Shewasignorantofthelegalandpoliticalaspectsofslaveryeventhoughshewasakeenobserverofhistory.

B.Shewasanenemyofslaverybutrefrainedfromgettinginvolvedinpoliticalissues.

C.Shesympathizedequallywithbothslavesandslaveowners.

D.Shedidnotdenounceslaverydirectbutcriticizeditinmoreroundaboutways.

問題4選項

A.favoredthepastoverthepresent.

B.condemnedtheevilsofslavery

C.dislikewritingaboutlifeinthe1930th

D.denouncedcertainaspectsof19th-centurylife.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在討論Willa的《莎菲拉與女奴》這本書時，作者將這本書看成是……”。文章第一段第三句話提到這本書描述了“19世紀(jì)中期美國弗吉尼亞州北部的鄉(xiāng)村生活”（lifeinruralnorthernVirginiainthemiddleofthe19thcentury），由此可知選項B“對過去美國南方的描述”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第二段中提到MandyRinger和Cleveenger是為了說明這部小說哪個特點？”文章第二段第一句提到“專注于描繪特定時代人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹恼w畫面”（concernedwithprovidinganoverallpictureofdaytodaylifeinaspecificera），第二句話提到“小說中許多人物似乎只是因為他們代表了19世紀(jì)弗吉尼亞農(nóng)村的典型人物，才出現(xiàn)在故事中”（Anumberofthenovel’scharacters,itwouldseem,areincludedinthestoryonlybecausetheyarerepresentativeofthetypeofpeopletobefoundin19th-centuryruralVirginia），可知后面提到的人物就是為了論證這一句話，因此選項A“寫這本小說的目的之一就是要全面描繪內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前弗吉尼亞農(nóng)村的生活”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)作者描述，為什么她對奴隸制度的態(tài)度是有些模糊的？”文章第三段最后兩句提到“她從未直接譴責(zé)過奴隸制。然后，另一方面，讓我們知道了奴隸制的罪惡”(Nordoessheeverreallyofferadirectcondemnationofslavery.Yet,ontheotherhand,theevilofslaverygetsthroughtous)，選項D“她沒有直接譴責(zé)奴隸制，而是以更迂回的方式進行了批判”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第四段中的abitofaromantic暗示著Willa……”。文章第四段最后兩句提到“在她生命的最后幾年，一種對當(dāng)下空虛的憤怒之情悄悄暗含在她的作品。她總結(jié)道，前幾代人是真正的英雄，是美國所有美好事物的真正創(chuàng)造者”（Especiallyinthefinalyearsofherlife,anincreasingnoteofangerabouttheemptinessofthepresentcreptintoherwriting.Earliergenerations,sheconcluded,hadbeentherealheroes,therealcreatorofallthatwasgoodinAmerican），由此可知選項A“她喜歡過去勝于現(xiàn)在”符合題意。

10.單選題

Asfarastherankandpositionisconcerned,anassociateprofessoris（

）aprofessor,thoughtheyarealmostequallyknowledgeable.

問題1選項

A.rankedbelow

B.adjacentto

C.inherentto

D.subjectto

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞短語辨析。rankedbelow低于……，在……之下；adjacentto與……相鄰；inherentto固有的；subjectto使服從，使遭受，受制于……。句意：就職稱地位高低而言，副教授低于教授，盡管他們幾乎具備同等的學(xué)問知識。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

問題2選項

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

問題3選項

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

問題4選項

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由A選項可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻譯為：旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?？芍狝選項正確；文章中沒有涉及B選項；由C選項“旅游業(yè)阻礙了瀕危野生動物產(chǎn)品的繁榮和非法貿(mào)易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻譯為旅游業(yè)助長了貿(mào)易蓬勃發(fā)展，而通常是非法的貿(mào)易，可知C選項錯誤，與文章意思相反；根據(jù)原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻譯為：“消費者”不可避免地帶來他們的習(xí)慣和期望——無論是熱水淋浴和沖洗廁所或為高爾夫球手提供澆灌的綠地?？梢缘弥狣選項“旅游不可避免地給消費者帶來其習(xí)慣和期望”是錯誤的。因此答案為A。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由C選項可以定位到文章“What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.”，中文翻譯為：不可否認(rèn)的是，旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，而且對許多人來說，尤其是在第三世界，這種改變看起來、感覺是退化。因此C選項“旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，尤其是在第三世界”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌谒亩沃小癆ccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause‘theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive…’”，中文翻譯為：現(xiàn)代旅游的主要權(quán)威者之一的瑞士學(xué)者JostKrippendorf稱，人們旅行，因為“他們不再感到高興——他們工作的地方，他們住的地方……”。可知D選項“由于不滿，他們想逃離他們的生活和工作的地方”是正確的。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中“It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.”，中文翻譯為：的確，住在帶花園的地方或那些生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人們，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假?？梢酝茰y出B選項“生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正確。

12.單選題

Believeitornot,lastyearMattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterpositioninabigcompany.

問題1選項

A.astwicemuchas

B.twiceasmuchas

C.astwicemuchas

D.asmuchtwiceas

【答案】B

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達。倍數(shù)應(yīng)放于asmuchas之前，所以選項B正確。

13.單選題

Robertsisanotedchemist（）.

問題1選項

A.aswellasaneffectiveteacher

B.andtooaveryefficientteacher

C.butheteachesverygoodinaddition

D.howeverheteachesverygoodalso

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。A選項aswellas“和……一樣，不但……而且”，連接兩個句子或者短語，例句：Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy.(這女孩既健康又漂亮。），所以A選項正確；B選項and和too不連用，應(yīng)該改為andaveryefficientteachertoo才正確；C選項but“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，羅伯特是一個著名的化學(xué)家和很好的老師應(yīng)該是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折，所以C選項排除，同理D選項however“然而”，也是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故排除。句意：羅伯特是一位著名的化學(xué)家，也是一位卓有成效的老師。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

14.單選題

Asmanyas100speciesoffish,some（

）tothesewaters,mayhavebeenaffectedbythepollution.

問題1選項

A.unusual

B.particular

C.typical

D.unique

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unusual“不尋常的”；particular“特別的，詳細(xì)的”；typical“典型的”；unique“獨一無二的”。句意：在這片水域有100多種魚類，有些是獨一無二的，已經(jīng)被污水影響了。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

A（

）ofsympathysweptthroughJapanyesterdayaspeopleheardtheshockingnewsofObuchi’sdecentintoacoma.

問題1選項

A.wave

B.tide

C.rush

D.shower

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：昨天當(dāng)人們聽到小淵惠三陷入昏迷狀態(tài)的驚人消息時，一陣同情席卷了日本。awaveof“一陣”，因此選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thenoisewasso（）thatonlythosewithexcellenthearingwereawareofit.

問題1選項

A.dim

B.quiet

C.gentle

D.faint

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項dim“不亮的；看不清的”；B選項quiet“安靜的”；C選項gentle“溫和的；文雅的；高尚的”；D選項faint“微弱的；模糊的；不清楚的”。句意：噪音非?！?，以至于只有具有良好聽力的人才能聽到。詞組sothat“如此……以至于……”后半句只有聽力非常出色的人才能聽到，由此可知，噪音是非常微弱的。故選D。

17.單選題

The（

）inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.

問題1選項

A.weakness

B.merit

C.defect

D.shortcoming

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。weakness“弱點，嗜好”；merit“優(yōu)點，長處”；defect“缺點，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺點，短處”。句意：Janet性格上的缺陷阻礙了她的事業(yè)上升。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

問題1選項

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承認(rèn)錯誤”；messaroundwith“胡鬧，玩弄”；makeupfor“補償，彌補”。句意：杰克需要改正錯誤，因為他一直和班上女生打鬧。選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Asmyfriend（）herebefore,Ihadtomeethimattherailwaystation.

問題1選項

A.hadneverbeen

B.hasneverbeen

C.hadbeennever

D.neverwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查時態(tài)。由后半句hadto可知該句用的是一般過去時，而從句動作發(fā)生在meet之前，故用過去完成時，排除BD項。never一般放于hadbeen之間，故A項正確。句意：因為我的朋友之前從未來過這里，我不得不去火車站接他。

20.單選題

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

問題2選項

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

問題3選項

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

問題4選項

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

問題5選項

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.本題是問這篇文章的寫作目的，A項意為“為了規(guī)勸讀者多加利用他們的午夜時間”；B項意為“為了討論持續(xù)的人類活動對個人和團體是有害的”；C項意為“為了探討對于不斷利用時間與人們擴張的歷史之間是如何聯(lián)系的”；D項意為“為了批判不斷變化的勞動方式已經(jīng)主宰了人類的生活”。本題可通過文中出現(xiàn)