考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：許多人反對(duì)在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。

2.單選題

Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soonandsoforth

B.moreorless

C.somethingorother

D.soonerorlater

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)soonandsoforth“等等”；B選項(xiàng)moreorless“或多或少”；C選項(xiàng)somethingorother“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口語”；D選項(xiàng)soonerorlater“遲早”。句意：你不由得去聽一些廣告，因?yàn)槊扛魩追昼姽?jié)目就會(huì)被打斷，給你一個(gè)廣告什么的。C選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Onecannotbereallyhappyif（

）heenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.how

C.what

D.where

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句連接詞的用法。句意：一個(gè)人如果喜歡做的事被社會(huì)認(rèn)為沒有價(jià)值而被忽略的話，他不會(huì)真的快樂。分析句子可知空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thefrontmatterofabookconsistsofthetitle,subtitle,tableofcontents,andpre-face.Butthe（1）ofreaderswhopaynoattentiontothesignalsislargerthanyoumightexpect,unlessyouhappentobeoneofthosewhoare（2）toadmitit.Ihavethisexpe-rienceagainandagain（3）students.Ihaveaskedthem（4）abookwasabout.Ihaveaskedthemtotellme,inthemostgeneral（5）,whatsortofbookitwas.This,Ihave（6）,

isagoodway,almostanindispensable（7）,tobeginadiscussion.Manystudentsare（8）toanswerthisfirstandsimplestquestionaboutthebook.Sometimestheyapologize（9）thattheyhaven’tfinishedreadingityet,and（10）donoknow.That’sno（11）,Ipointout.Didyoulookatthetitle?Didyoustudythe（12）?Didyoureadthepreface（13）introduction?No，theydidnot.Thefrontmatterofabook（14）tobelikethetickingofaclock,（15）younoticeonlywhenitisnotthere.

Onereasonwhytitlesandprefacesare（16）bysomanyreadersisthattheydonotthink（71）importanttoclarifythebooktheyarereading，Theydonotfollowthisfirst（18）.Iftheytriedtofollowit,they（19）begratefultotheauthor（20）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.amount

C.number

D.figure

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toohonest

B.enoughhonest

C.honestenough

D.sohonest

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.from

D.over.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whatkind

B.allthat

C.what

D.which

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.words

B.expressions

C.phrases

D.terms

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.known

C.understood

D.found

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.subject

C.thing

D.manner

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.able

B.failing

C.unable

D.incapable

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.bysaying

B.forsaying

C.tosay

D.saying

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.therefore

C.so

D.otherwise

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.sense

C.excuse

D.reason

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.chapters

B.contents

C.index

D.appendix

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.with

C.or

D.also

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.happens

B.appears

C.used

D.looks

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.something

C.which

D.nothing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.forgotten

C.missed

D.escaped

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.so

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.rule

B.example

C.advice

D.suggestion

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.will

B.would

C.need

D.should

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.tohelp

B.forhelping

C.inhelping

D.helping

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.句意：不關(guān)注這些信息的讀者數(shù)量要比人們預(yù)想的多。C選項(xiàng)number意為“數(shù)字，數(shù)量”，thenumberof后面接可數(shù)名詞readers，意為“讀者的數(shù)量”。其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)majority多數(shù)；B選項(xiàng)amount數(shù)量，總額，theamountof后面接不可數(shù)名詞；D選項(xiàng)figure意為“數(shù)字，算術(shù)”，不符合句意。

2.句意：足夠誠(chéng)實(shí)地承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)應(yīng)該后置，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.句意：我在學(xué)生這方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。haveanexperiencewith為固定搭配，意為“在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，A項(xiàng)正確。

4.C選項(xiàng)what意為“什么”，與文意相符，在此表示：我問學(xué)生書里寫的是什么內(nèi)容。

5.空格處填入terms，句意變?yōu)椋何乙笏麄兏叨雀爬ㄒ幌逻@本書的歸類。ingeneralterms意為“概括地，籠統(tǒng)地”。

6.句意：我這是一個(gè)很好的方法。A選項(xiàng)thought以為，認(rèn)為，與句意相符，應(yīng)選A。其他三項(xiàng)中，known知道；understood懂，理解；found發(fā)現(xiàn)，都與句意不符。

7.空格所在句是說一種不可或缺的、即將討論的。而且空格前面提到的agoodway。way方法，手段；subject主題，學(xué)科；thing事件；manner方式，舉止，禮貌，A項(xiàng)way符合句意。

8.句意：很多學(xué)生回答這個(gè)首要而最簡(jiǎn)單的問題。able能夠的，有能力的；failing失敗，不成功；unable不會(huì)的，無能力的；incapable無能力的。因此，從意義上來講，unable和incapable都符合句意。但是，unable才可以和to搭配使用，incapable后面應(yīng)接介詞of。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

9.空格所在句是說有時(shí)他們道歉說還沒有完成閱讀?？崭裉帒?yīng)為bysaying。apologizefor意為“為某事道歉”，所以不能選B項(xiàng)。

10.句意：說他們沒有完成閱讀，不知道。then那時(shí)，然后；therefore因此；so因此，后面引導(dǎo)完整句子；otherwise否則，因此，B項(xiàng)therefore符合句意。

11.空格前后句意：學(xué)生沒有完成閱讀，因此不知道。我認(rèn)為，不要找借口。C選項(xiàng)excuse意為“借口，理由，辯解”，與句意相符。

12.空格所在句前一句提到title（標(biāo)題）嗎，后一句又提到preface（前言），據(jù)此推測(cè)，此處應(yīng)該為B項(xiàng)contents（目錄）。

13.空格連接的introduction和preface這兩個(gè)名詞均有“前言，引言”之意，因此C選項(xiàng)or“或者”放在空格處比較合適。

14.句意：書的正面是時(shí)鐘的嘀嗒聲。happensto碰巧；appearto看來像是；usedto過去常常；lookto朝（某物）看去，面對(duì)，依靠。因此，選項(xiàng)Bappearto符合句意。

15.which放在空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。句意：只有當(dāng)它不在時(shí)你才會(huì)注意到。

16.句意：標(biāo)題和前言被讀者的原因就在于……。ignored忽視；forgotten忘記；missed錯(cuò)過；escaped躲過，因此，A項(xiàng)ignored符合句意。

17.it在空格處作形式賓語，此處句意：他們認(rèn)為有關(guān)書的闡釋并不重要。

18.句意：他們不愿遵循這一首要。rule規(guī)則，原則；example榜樣；advice建議；suggestion建議。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.句意：說如果他們嘗試這么做了，他們就會(huì)感謝作者的幫助。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以B項(xiàng)would比較合適。

20.這里考查固定搭配。begratefultosb.forsth.意為“因……感謝某人”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)addict“使沉迷，使上癮”，B項(xiàng)allege“宣稱，斷言”，C項(xiàng)assault“攻擊，襲擊”，D項(xiàng)ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”。根據(jù)后面的句子therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers（這家餐館歧視黑人顧客），結(jié)合前面的itbe…that句型，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“據(jù)說，據(jù)宣稱”。句意：據(jù)說那家餐館歧視黑人顧客。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulness.Broadlyspeaking,thesleephoursnormally（）withthehoursofdarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.coincide

C.collide

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。conformwith符合，與...一致；coincidewith符合，與...一致（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的一致性）；collidewith沖突；complywith遵守。句意：人類正常的日?；顒?dòng)周期是7-8小時(shí)的睡眠和16-17小時(shí)的清醒交替進(jìn)行。廣義上說，睡眠時(shí)間通常與黑暗的時(shí)間相一致。選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來的”（Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實(shí)這類事情，還包括動(dòng)物典型行為的改變”（Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves），可知選項(xiàng)A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，選項(xiàng)D“記住過去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的存儲(chǔ)功能。計(jì)算機(jī)跟青少年都能記憶十萬左右的英語單詞，但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight），可知人類比電腦要強(qiáng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語言極大的擴(kuò)大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時(shí)，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲(chǔ)量”（Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity），因此選項(xiàng)A“能夠擴(kuò)大存儲(chǔ)量”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲(chǔ)量將人類與其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來”（Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.問答題

Theambitiousindividual,farfrom(A)identifyinghimselfandhisfortunestothegroup,wishesto(B)riseaboveit.Theambitiousmanorwoman(C)seestheworldasabattle;rivalrousnessishisorherprincipalemotion:theworldhaslimitedprizestooffer,

andheorshe(D)isdeterminedtogethisorhers.

【答案】

A；改成identifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswith。identifywith認(rèn)為…等同于，與…一致。

9.單選題

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的”，B項(xiàng)spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”，C項(xiàng)countless“無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的”，D項(xiàng)appalling“可怕的，令人震驚的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有無數(shù)細(xì)小的鱗片。根據(jù)句意可知，myriad在句中表示“無數(shù)的”，因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hardlyactive

B.relativelyactive

C.extremelyinactive

D.pathologicallyactive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。hyperactive在句中是“過分活躍”，A選項(xiàng)hardlyactive“幾乎不活躍”；B選項(xiàng)relativelyactive“相對(duì)活躍”extremelyinactive“極度不活躍”；D選項(xiàng)pathologicallyactive“病態(tài)性活躍”。只有D項(xiàng)最符合。句意：其他不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的男性則是過度活躍；他們比正常人活躍得多，追逐他人，互相爭(zhēng)斗。根據(jù)各選項(xiàng)詞義，選D。

11.單選題

Duetopersonality（

）,thetwocolleaguesnevergowellinwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.contradiction

C.conflict

D.competition

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞、介詞辨析。personalityconflict“性格不合”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

BarackObama'shealthreformsWHENBarackObamasignedasweepingsetofhealthreformsintolawonMarch23rd2010,heknewitwasahistoricmoment-andnotjustbecauseJoeBiden,thevice-president,whisperedintohisearthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors.

Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructedthatgranddream.RepublicanleadersinCongressaretryingtorepealthelawoutright.Severalfederaljudgeshaveruledthatoneofthecentralprovisionsofthenewreforms,an"individualmandate"requiringeveryonetopurchasecoverage,isunconstitutional.AndarecentpollbytheKaiserFamilyFoundation(KFF),anon-partisanoutfit,revealedthathostilitytothelawsamongpoliticallyvitalindependentshasshotupsharply.Oneyearon,howfaresMr.Obama'sproudestachievement?

Thechiefstrategyusedbytheadministrationtowinoverskepticsandtounderminelegalchallengesistopresentthenewlawsasanunstoppablejuggernaut.Forexample,whenKathleenSebelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,spokeaboutthereformtotheSenateFinanceCommitteeonMarch16th,shepointedtoevidenceofan"enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans".

True,theadministrationhasrushedintoforceprovisionsaffectingconsumersdirectly,inaneffortwinpopularsupport.Forexample,someforbidinsurersfromdenyingcoveragetochildrenwithpre-existingconditions,orimposinglifetimepayoutcapsonanyone.Thenewlawsalsoalreadyrequireinsurerstocoverchildrenupto26ontheirparents'policies,whichwillbenefitsome1.2myoungpeople.Nearly48mpeopleonMedicare,thegovernmenthealthschemefortheelderly,aretogetfreepreventiveservicessuchascolonoscopiesandmammograms.In2010nearly4mofthemgot$250tax-freerebatestohelppayfordrugs.

Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius.RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKF'FthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureoffooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland.

Theadministrationisalsoforgingaheadwithlessvisibleaspectsofthenewlaws.By2014,whenthebulkofthereform’sprovisionskickin,statesarerequiredtohaveputregulatedinsuranceexchangesinplacesothatconsumerscanbuyplansthatmeetminimumstandardsforcoverage.Allwouldberequiredtobuyinsurance,butthelesswell-offwillgetsubsidies.Thefederalgovernmentisofferingtechnicalassistanceaswellasmoneytostatestonudgethemtowardsestablishingsuchmarket-places.Alas,inthistooMr.Obamahashitsnags.SomeRepublican-ledstates,firstamongthemAiaskaandFlorida,arerefusingtotakethemoney,whilemanyothersaredemandingtherules.Tothesurpriseofsome,Mr.ObamaannouncedatarecentmeetingofgovernorsattheWhiteHousethathesupportsaplan-firstproposedbyRonWyden,asparkyDemocraticsenator-togrant"innovationwaivers"startingin2014.Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets.

1.BarackObamaknewhissetofhealthreformswasatahistoricmomentbecauseof（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNotTrue?

3.KathleenSenelius,thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservices,has（）.

4.AccordingtothepollbyKFF,Obamacare（）.

5.AccordingtoObamacare,statescanbefreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarketsifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.JoeBiden,thevice-president,thoughtthatitwasa"bigfuckingdeal".

B.hehimselfwaspopularlysupported.

C.itwasafeatthatsurpassedalltheotherpresidents.

D.itwasauniversallycoveredhealthreform

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThatgranddreamofObama'shealthreformhasbeenpoliticallyconstructed

B.RepublicanleadersinCongressdisagreedwithObama'shealthreform.

C.IndependentstookahostileattitudetowardsObama'shealthreform.

D.SeveralfederaljudgeshaveregardedObama’shealthreformunlawful.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beenstronglysupportedbytheinsurers.

B.greatlyimpressedbythehealthreform

C.deniedanenormousdifferencethehealthreformmadeinthelivesofAmericans

D.comeacrossarubinpromotingthehealthreform

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lackedlegalrootingandhasbeenrepealed.

B.wongreatsupportfromthosepulled.

C.seemsimpressiveandsuccessful

D.wasbelievedbynobody.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.takethemoney

B.cancovermorepeopleandcontrolthecostsofinsurance.

C.regulatetheirinsurancemarkets

D.innovatethelaw.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Hehadsuccessfullyriddenthewaveofpopularsupportthatbroughthimintoofficetodeliveruniversalhealthcoverage,afeatthateludedallhispredecessors(他借民意支持成功上位，以推行全民健康保險(xiǎn)，這項(xiàng)功績(jī)可謂前無古人)。所以，他認(rèn)為此次醫(yī)療改革是歷史性時(shí)刻的原因是這項(xiàng)功績(jī)，即D項(xiàng)“這是一項(xiàng)全民醫(yī)保改革”。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Buttherealityofpoliticshasobstructed

thatgranddream(但是，政治的現(xiàn)實(shí)性使得這一偉大夢(mèng)想障礙重重)。因此，A項(xiàng)“從政治上說，奧巴馬醫(yī)改的偉大夢(mèng)想得以建造”不符合原文所述。答案選A。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞KathleenSebelius定位至第五段:Allthatseemsimpressive,buthere’stherub:manyAmericansdonotbelieveMrs.Sebelius(這一切聽起來甚是美好，可問題在于：許多美國(guó)人并不信任西貝利厄斯女士)。因此D項(xiàng)“她在推行醫(yī)改中遭遇困難”正確，同時(shí)排除A和B項(xiàng)。第三段指出:shepointedtoevidenceofan‘enormousdifferenceithasmadeinthelivesofAmericans(她指出‘其在美國(guó)社會(huì)中業(yè)已產(chǎn)生的巨大影響‘這一證詞),因此可排除C項(xiàng)。故答案選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thepollbyKFF定位至第五段:RoughlyhalfofthosepolledbyKFFthoughtObamacarehadalreadybeenrepealedorwereunsureofitslegalfooting.Itremainsthelawoftheland(凱薩家庭基金會(huì)所收集的近一半投票都認(rèn)為奧式醫(yī)改方案己被撤銷或是仍缺失法律基礎(chǔ)。這僅是一時(shí)之策)。因此A項(xiàng)“缺乏法律基礎(chǔ)并且已被撤銷”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞befreeinwaysofbuildinglocalinsurancemarkets定位至租后一段:Aslongasstatesmeetgeneralgoalsoncoveringmorepeopleandcurbingcosts,theywillbegivenflexibilityinhowtheysetuptheirlocalinsurancemarkets(只要該州達(dá)到使更多人參保并抑制成本的目標(biāo)，就能擁有如何創(chuàng)建當(dāng)?shù)乇ｋU(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的自主權(quán))。因此選B項(xiàng)“他們能覆蓋更多人（參加保險(xiǎn)）并且控制保險(xiǎn)成本”。

13.單選題

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】75.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半數(shù)以上的無父家庭是由離婚、分居、死亡或監(jiān)禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子現(xiàn)在是由同居的父親和母親產(chǎn)生的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在所有無母親家庭中，只有不到一半是由離婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B選項(xiàng)“近一半的非婚生嬰兒現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（當(dāng)立法者、政策分析人士和意見領(lǐng)袖討論家庭變化時(shí)，他們通常關(guān)注兩個(gè)問題：非婚生育和無父家庭。在許多情況下，他們討論這兩個(gè)問題，仿佛它們是相同的）可知A選項(xiàng)“非婚生育并不是單親家庭的唯一原因”；結(jié)合上文所提到的內(nèi)容可知D選項(xiàng)“非婚生育和無父家庭是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的問題”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

76.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她們還發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作異常困難，因?yàn)樗齻冞€要照顧孩子。許多人從缺席的父親那里得到的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)非常少，即使是慷慨的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)也比收入相同的常住父親通常提供的錢要少。雖然單身母親有資格獲得各種形式的公共援助，但立法者和選民都不想讓這種援助慷慨，以免慷慨會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多的女性獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)孩子）有涉及到B選項(xiàng)“低收入母親”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏政府的幫助”以及D選項(xiàng)“缺乏來自孩子父親的支持”，但是結(jié)合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，單親母親家庭的蔓延對(duì)美國(guó)貧困的持續(xù)存在起到了重要作用）可以推斷出貧困才是導(dǎo)致這些問題的回答，A選項(xiàng)“貧困”包括了B，C，D選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

77.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（離婚后再婚的母親在經(jīng)濟(jì)上與孩子生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親差不多）可知A選項(xiàng)“離婚后再婚的母親”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（與男友同居的未婚母親的家庭收入也明顯高于獨(dú)自生活的母親……）可知C選項(xiàng)“與男朋友同居的未婚母親”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，當(dāng)未婚母親與父母或其他親戚住在一起時(shí)……）可知D選項(xiàng)“和父母住在一起的未婚媽媽”有提及；B選項(xiàng)“與孩子的生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親”原文未涉及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

78.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段劃線句子處In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，當(dāng)林登?約翰遜宣布向貧困宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)，只有30%的有孩子的貧困家庭由單身母親撫養(yǎng)。自20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，這個(gè)數(shù)字一直在60%左右）可知選C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，貧困單親家庭的比例翻了一番”；A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在越來越多的貧困家庭的孩子生活在單親家庭”，B選項(xiàng)“有孩子的貧困家庭一半以上是單親家庭”以及D選項(xiàng)“離婚率自1964年以來翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Confuciussaid,“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords;andsince70,IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”

TheaveragelifeexpectancyattheSpringandAutumnPeriodsandWarringStatesPeriodswas,accordingtosomeresearch,about19years.Confuciuslived72to73years,araregodoflongevityindeed.Itwasevenhardforthosewithpowerandleisuretoreachsuchanage.Therefore,Confuciuscouldbeverywelllearned,farfromwhatanordinarypersoncouldexpectathistimes.

Thestatisticsin2001showsthattheworldlifeexpectancyis62.27withtheJapanesetakingtheleadtobe79.66whileChinagainingapositionsurpassingalldevelopingcountriesbyits69.98.However,theChinesehavenotyetreachedtheagetodowhattheyintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.Thus,rulesarehardnottobebroken.

CalculatedinthetermsConfuciussetforusinlearning,thoseofuswhohavebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsstillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingthetimetobeestablished.Tohavenoconfusion,onehastospend25years.TotrulyunderstandthepurposeofEnglishlearning,onehastodoitfor35years.Ittakes45yearsifonewantstodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords,and55yearstomanipulateEnglishlanguagefreelywithoutbreakingtherules.

【答案】【參考譯文】子曰“吾十有五而志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不逾矩?！?/p>

根據(jù)一些研究，在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)人的平均壽命大約為19歲。孔子活到了72到73歲，是少有的壽星。在那時(shí)，即使是那些有權(quán)且生活閑暇的人也很難達(dá)到孔子的高壽。所以，孔子的修行是很高的，在當(dāng)時(shí)，非一般人所能企及。

2001年的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，世界人口平均壽命為62.27歲，其中日本人的平均壽命最高，達(dá)到79.66歲，而中國(guó)人以平均壽命69.98歲而超過所有發(fā)展中國(guó)家人口的平均壽命。然而，中國(guó)人還沒有活到隨心所欲而不越出規(guī)矩的年齡。因此，不逾矩很難。

若以孔子志學(xué)的時(shí)間推算，我們學(xué)習(xí)英語10年，還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因?yàn)檫€沒有到而立之年。要想沒有疑問，得學(xué)25年；要想真正懂得學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的，得學(xué)35年；要想辨別他人英語的好壞，得學(xué)45年；要想隨心所欲且不逾矩地運(yùn)用英語，得學(xué)55年。

15.單選題

TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir（）destinationisRome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.prime

C.next

D.cardinal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ultimate“最終的”；prime“主要的，最好的”；next“接下來的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的；深紅色的”。句意：他們打算去倫敦，但是他們最終的目的地是羅馬。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegestureweareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypa