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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東傳媒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Withtheprospectofcoalandpetroleumsuppliesdepletedandwithairpollutionbecominganincreasingconcern,themajorcountriesoftheworldareseekingalternatesourcesofenergy.Ifameanstoobtainenergyfromwater,especiallyfromtheocean,canbeeffectedeconomically,itwouldfurnishaneverendingsupplyofenergy,since70%oftheearth’ssurfaceisoceanandanother10%isfreshwaterinriversandlakes.
Fromthebeginningoftimemanhasusedwaterpowerasasourceofworkenergy—waterfallsanddam—butthesearefreshwatersourcesandarelandlocked.Theseashavecontributedlittleornothinginthewayofpower.
Theuseoftemperaturevariationbetweencurrentsisoneareaofexploration.Oceanwaterisheatedbythesunneartheequatoranddrawnbytherotationoftheearthtowardthepoles,whereitcoolsanddropstowardtheoceanfloorandstartsitsjourneybacktowardtheequator.Thedifferentialbetweenthetwocurrentsis35degreesto45degreesFahrenheitandtouseit,thescientistsmustfindtheplaceswheretheyrunnearlandandarenottoofarawayfromeachother.OneareathatmeetstheserequirementsistheCaribbeanSea.
America,thegreatestconsumerofenergy,hasbeenworkingonanotherkindofthermalseaenergyproposal.Oneplanwouldsomewhatresembletheoperationofarefrigeratoronavastscale.Warmwaterwouldbetheheatsource,coldwatertheheatsink.
Oceansalsoofferwavepower,tidesandthechemicalpropensitiesofsaltwateraspotentialsourcesofenergy.Alltheseusesaretheoreticallypossible.
Britain’sDepartmentofEnergyisinterestedinwavepower,usingastringof“teardrop”devicesthatdependonveryactivewaveareasand100feetdepths.Inadditiontothis,theBritishareworkingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopracticaluseonasmallscaleforpoweringtheirnavigationalbuoys.Thismethodiscalledanoscillatingwatercolumnandridesthewaveswithaseriesofcylindershavingone-wayairvalves.Wavemovementproducesairunderpressurethathasonlyoneescaperoute—toaturbinethatpowersagenerator.
11.Theuseofwateris______.
12.Inthematterofdevelopingenergyfromoceanwater,Britainis______.
13.ThedevelopmentofwaterpowerfromtheoceanisimportanttoAmericaandRussiabecause______.
14.Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.
15.Theword“depleted”inLine1,Para.1,mostprobablymeans______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.anewconcept
B.lessexpensivethanpetroleumproducts
C.nowbeingusedmorefromtheoceanthanfromriversandlakes
D.beingdevelopedtosupplementothersourcesofenergy
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.workingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopractice
B.themostadvancedcountryinthefield
C.followingtheleadoftheUnitedStatesNationalSpaceAdministrationandEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministration
D.consolidatingtheirworkwiththeNorthSeadrillingoperationsalreadygoingon
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thereisasevereshortageofcoal
B.itisthecheapestmethodofproducingenergy
C.petroleumsuppliesarebeingsteadilydepleted
D.theproceduresforobtainingenergyfromoceanwateraresimplerthanmethodsnowbeingusedforpetroleum
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Russiabecauseofitslimitedwaterresourcesonland
B.Americabecauseofitsgreatconsumptionofenergy
C.AsiabecausemostoftheAsiancountrieslackothersourcesofenergy
D.southAmericabecausealargepercentageofthepopulationisverypoor
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.runout
B.usedup
C.deserted
D.extinct
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
11.Theuseofwateris______.
11.用水是______。
A.anewconceptA.新概念
B.lessexpensivethanpetroleumproductsB.比石油產(chǎn)品便宜
C.nowbeingusedmorefromtheoceanthanfromriversandlakesC.現(xiàn)在從海洋中得到的能源比從河流和湖泊中得到的要多
D.beingdevelopedtosupplementothersourcesofenergyD.正打算被開發(fā)以補(bǔ)充其他能源
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第一二句話“隨著煤和石油供應(yīng)的枯竭以及空氣污染日益引起人們的關(guān)注,世界主要國家正在尋求替代能源(alternatesourcesofenergy)。如果從水中獲取能量……”,第二步綜合理解,因?yàn)榉N種因素,人們打算用水做替代能源,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“正打算被開發(fā)以補(bǔ)充其他能源”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“新概念”,定位到第二段第一句話“從一開始,人類就使用水力作為工作能量的來源”,由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“比石油產(chǎn)品便宜”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在從海洋中得到的能源比從河流和湖泊中得到的要多”,定位到第一段第二句話“如果(If)一種從水,特別是從海洋中獲取能源的方法能產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,那么它將提供無窮無盡的能源,”這里只是一種假設(shè),與C選項(xiàng)描述不符,這里屬于偷換概念。
12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
12.Inthematterofdevelopingenergyfromoceanwater,Britainis______.
12.在從海水中開發(fā)能源的問題上,英國是______。
A.workingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopracticeA.研究一種日本人已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)踐的方法
B.themostadvancedcountryinthefieldB.在這一領(lǐng)域最先進(jìn)的國家
C.followingtheleadoftheUnitedStatesNationalSpaceAdministrationandEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministrationC.跟隨著美國國家航天局和能源研究與開發(fā)局的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
D.consolidatingtheirworkwiththeNorthSeadrillingoperationsalreadygoingonD.已經(jīng)進(jìn)行的北海鉆井作業(yè)用來鞏固他們的工作
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Britain定位到第六段第二句話“除此之外,英國人正在研究一種日本人已經(jīng)在小范圍內(nèi)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的方法,為他們的導(dǎo)航浮標(biāo)提供動(dòng)力”,第二步綜合理解,由上句可知A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng),文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng),定位到文章第六段第一句話“英國能源部對(duì)海浪發(fā)電很感興趣”,英國感興趣的是海浪能量,而美國國家航天局研究的是通過兩股洋流之間的溫度差來提供能量,所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng),文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
13.ThedevelopmentofwaterpowerfromtheoceanisimportanttoAmericaandRussiabecause______.
13.開發(fā)海洋水力對(duì)美國和俄羅斯來說很重要,因?yàn)開_____。
A.thereisasevereshortageofcoalA.煤嚴(yán)重短缺
B.itisthecheapestmethodofproducingenergyB.這是生產(chǎn)能源最便宜的方法
C.petroleumsuppliesarebeingsteadilydepletedC.石油供應(yīng)正在逐漸枯竭
D.theproceduresforobtainingenergyfromoceanwateraresimplerthanmethodsnowbeingusedforpetroleumD.從海水中獲取能源的程序比現(xiàn)在用于石油的方法簡單
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞AmericaandRussia,定位到第一段第一句“隨著煤和石油供應(yīng)的枯竭(deplete)以及空氣污染日益引起人們的關(guān)注,世界主要國家(themajorcountries)正在尋求替代能源”。第二步,綜合理解,由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“煤嚴(yán)重短缺”,造成短缺的原因很多,不一定是因?yàn)槊禾抠Y源枯竭,這里屬于偷換概念;
B選項(xiàng)“這是生產(chǎn)能源最便宜的方法”,文章沒有提及,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“從海水中獲取能源的程序比現(xiàn)在用于石油的方法簡單”,文章沒有提及,屬于反向干擾。
14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
14.Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.
14.從海洋獲取能源對(duì)______來說很重要。
A.RussiabecauseofitslimitedwaterresourcesonlandA.俄羅斯,因?yàn)槠潢懙厮Y源有限
B.AmericabecauseofitsgreatconsumptionofenergyB.美國,因?yàn)槠湎拇罅康哪茉?/p>
C.AsiabecausemostoftheAsiancountrieslackothersourcesofenergyC.亞洲,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)亞洲國家缺乏其他能源來源
D.southAmericabecausealargepercentageofthepopulationisverypoorD.南非,因?yàn)榇蟛糠值娜丝诙己茇毟F
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】定位到第四段第一句“作為最大的能源消費(fèi)國(thegreatestconsumerofenergy),美國一直在研究另一種海洋熱能提案”,美國是最大的能源消耗國,所以從海洋獲取能源對(duì)美國影響最大,答案選B選項(xiàng)“美國,因?yàn)槠湎拇罅康哪茉础薄?/p>
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“俄羅斯,因?yàn)槠潢懙厮Y源有限”,文章沒有提到水資源,這里屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“亞洲,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)亞洲國家缺乏其他能源來源”,文章沒有提到亞洲,這里屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“南非,因?yàn)榇蟛糠值娜丝诙己茇毟F”,文章沒有提到亞洲,這里屬于無中生有。
15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
15.Theword“depleted”inLine1,Para.1,mostprobablymeans______.
15.第一段第一行中的“depleted”一詞,最可能的意思是______。
A.runoutA.用完的
B.usedupB.用盡的
C.desertedC.荒蕪的
D.extinctD.滅絕的
【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷
【解題思路】第一步,句中前后信息銜接,句中前面接的是煤炭石油資源供應(yīng)。第二步,上下語義銜接,該句后面主要國家正在尋找可替代能源,由此可以推測(cè),因?yàn)槊禾?、石油資源枯竭所以主要國家才會(huì)去尋找替代能源。B選項(xiàng)useup可以接賓語,表示資源耗盡時(shí),“資源”充當(dāng)useup的賓語,可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。且該句中with引導(dǎo)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),煤炭石油資源是deplete的主語,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義,所以答案選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)runout不能接賓語,表示資源耗盡時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不用于被動(dòng);
C選項(xiàng)“荒蕪的”,不符合題意,這里屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“滅絕的”,不符合題意,這里屬于無中生有。
2.單選題
InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate:usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,buttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.Indeed,whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,forinstance,thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatedit.
ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.
IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotsomarked.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,however,itiscorrecttokeepthesame,knifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.
Drinkingcustomsattablealsovaryindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmeatsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeveragesuchascoffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.
Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapotonthefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.
Fingerswereusedtocutfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Foodwaseatenoffwoodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesatbelowthesalt.InthereignofHenryVII(1509?1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscachedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.
1.Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthepassage?
2.TheBritishpeople().
3.Howtouseaknifewhileeatingis().
4."Sittingabovethesalt"isthelastparagraphprobablymeans().
5.Fromthepassage,weknowthattablemanners().
6.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatthewealthierandwell-educatedpeopleintheeast().
7.Inparagraph3,line1theword"they"refersto().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.SomeslightdifferencebetweentablemannersdonotexisttheWest.
B.ForkswerebedinEnglandbeforethe17thcentury.
C.Tablemannersandcustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry
D.SittingonacushionbeforeatableiscommonintheEast.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.considerbelchingloudlyanimpolitetablemanner
B.appreciatethetablemannersinmanyotherpartsoftheworld
C.usedforksmorethanthousandyearsago
D.takefoodfromthetable
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.astandardofgoodtablemanners
B.neverusedinNorthAmerica
C.differentamongWesterncountries
D.notaprobleminBritain
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.sittingonasaltcellar
B.sittingabovethesaltcellarwithlegsapart
C.beingthemostdistinguishedguest
D.saltusedtobeseatsinBritain
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.changeverylittlethroughtheages
B.changewithtime.
C.areactuallythesameamongthecountries
D.areextremelyimportant
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.paymoreattentiontotablemanners
B.strictlysticktotheirtraditionaltablemanners
C.adoptWesterntablemanners
D.havetheirowntablemanners
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.differences
B.tablemanners
C.variouscountries
D.Westernpeople
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:C
第7題:A
【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是各國之間不同的餐桌禮儀和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。
2.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,在其他一些國家被認(rèn)為是好的餐桌禮儀卻是英國人竭力避免的,比如,在阿拉伯人們?cè)谘鐣?huì)上用手指拿起食物,并大聲打嗝,以示感謝。由此可知,英國人認(rèn)為大聲打嗝是一種不禮貌的餐桌禮儀,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,不同的國家有不同的餐桌禮儀。接下來作者分別列舉了北美,英國以及歐洲其他國家使用刀叉的不同習(xí)俗,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
4.根據(jù)原文noblemen和ordinarypeople相對(duì)應(yīng),sittingabovethesalt和satbelowthesalt相對(duì)應(yīng),說明地位高的人和地位低的人被區(qū)別對(duì)待。sittingabovethesalt指坐上席,所有選項(xiàng)C正確。
5.根據(jù)第五段第一句“Tablemannersofcoursehavechangedwithtime.”餐桌禮儀隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
6.根據(jù)第二段第一句“ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,however,toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.”可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
7.根據(jù)原文句意:在西方,不同的國家有不同的餐桌禮儀,雖然沒有那么明顯。這里的“they”指代的是“differences”,說明差異不明顯,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
3.單選題
Asarule,(
)hightemperatures.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thatamphibiansareunabletotolerate
B.nottobetoleratedbyamphibians
C.amphibianscannottolerate?
D.amphibianslackoftolerancefor
【答案】C
【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知句子缺主語和謂語,amphibians作主語,cannottolerate作謂語,才能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義完整。A項(xiàng)中that缺先行詞,可排除。B項(xiàng)中主語缺失,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,可排除。D項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ack為及物動(dòng)詞,接賓語不用接介詞,可排除。根據(jù)排除法,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意:兩棲動(dòng)物通常無法忍受高溫。
4.單選題
Shecannotfindherdictionarynow.Ithinkthatshe____itintheclassroom.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hastoleave
B.musthaveleft
C.left
D.willleave
【答案】C
【解析】考查過去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意:她現(xiàn)在找不到字典了。我想她把它Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE____
教室里了。應(yīng)用過去時(shí),故只有C符合。
5.單選題
Officialencouragementofthesolar-energyindustryinChinahasledtofiercecompetitionforgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozensofnewcompanies,butitisfarfromclearhowmanyofthewinningfirmsactuallymakemoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hasledtofierce
B.forgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozens
C.itisfarfromclear
D.actuallymakemoney
E.沒有錯(cuò)誤
【答案】D
【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)詞make改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)havemade。句子談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事情,此處時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與前面時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
6.單選題
UncleGeorge’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewillrecover.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pullup
B.pullback
C.pullout
D.pullthrough
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞義辨析。recover表示“恢復(fù)”;A項(xiàng)pullup“拔起,阻止”,B項(xiàng)pullback“拉回,撤回”,C項(xiàng)pullout“離開,撤離”,D項(xiàng)pullthrough“渡過難關(guān),恢復(fù)健康”。句意:喬治叔叔的情況看來很嚴(yán)重,他能否康復(fù)很難說。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
TheFrenchandtheAmericanshaveaverydifferentrelationshiptomoney,(
)andostentation.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obnoxious
B.obfuscate
C.optimum
D.opulence
【答案】D
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。obnoxious討厭的;obfuscate使模糊;optimum最佳效果;opulence富裕。句意:法國人和美國人在對(duì)待金錢,奢華,以及炫富的關(guān)系上大不相同??崭裉帒?yīng)填入一個(gè)和money并列的名詞。
8.單選題
Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.whatfeatureseachdoghad
B.whatfeatureshadeachdog
C.whathadfeatureseachdog
D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺賓語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是個(gè)正確的從句,可以擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語,句意為:盡管這位37歲的男子對(duì)300只不同的斑點(diǎn)狗只觀察了兩個(gè)小時(shí),但他能回憶起每只狗的特點(diǎn)。故答案選A,其他幾項(xiàng)語序有誤。
9.單選題
Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.but
B.and
C.so
D.as
【答案】A
【解析】考查語言邏輯。A項(xiàng)but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,B項(xiàng)and“和”表并列,C項(xiàng)so“因此”表因果,D項(xiàng)as“作為,因?yàn)椤北矸绞交蛘咴颉G耙痪湓捄秃笠痪湓挻嬖谝饬x上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but,A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意:時(shí)裝模特聽起來像是一份簡單、迷人的工作,但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的壓力。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
10.翻譯題
僅僅傳授專業(yè)知識(shí)是不夠的。通過專業(yè)教育可以使人成為一種有用的機(jī)器,卻不能成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讓學(xué)生對(duì)價(jià)值理念有所理解并產(chǎn)生熱情,是不可或缺的。否則,他——連同他的專業(yè)知識(shí)——就更像一條受過良好訓(xùn)練的狗,而非一個(gè)和諧發(fā)展的人。他必須通過學(xué)習(xí)了解人們的動(dòng)機(jī)、幻想和苦難,以便正確處理同他人和社會(huì)的關(guān)系。
【答案】【參考譯文】Onlytoimpartprofessionalknowledgeisnotenough.Professionaleducationcanmakehumanbeingbecomeakindofusefulmachine,butcan’tmakehimapersonofcomprehensivedevelopment.Itisabsolutelynecessaryforlettingstudentshavesomeunderstandingoftheconceptofvalueandgenerateenthusiasm.Otherwise,he,togetherwithhisspecializedknowledge,willmoreresembleawell-traineddogratherthanapersonofharmoniousdevelopment.Hemustlearntounderstandpeople’smotivation,fantasyandmiserysoastocorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipwithotherpeopleandthesociety.
11.單選題
AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.surely
B.eventually
C.precisely
D.consequently
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然;無疑;堅(jiān)定地;穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?;B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后,終于”;C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地;恰恰”;D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此;結(jié)果;所以”。句意:史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究;終歸;最終”,得知B為正確答案。
12.單選題
Herhumorousremarksseemed(),butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intentional
B.spontaneous
C.precise
D.crude
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的;蓄意的;策劃的”;B選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的;自然的”;C選項(xiàng)precise“精確的;明確的;嚴(yán)格的”;D選項(xiàng)crude“粗糙的;天然的,未加工的;粗魯?shù)摹?。句意:她的幽默的評(píng)論看起來好像很自然,但是實(shí)際上是事先認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好的。but表轉(zhuǎn)折,前后形成對(duì)比。由后一句的“preparedbeforehand事先準(zhǔn)備的”可知“seemedspontaneous看起來很自然”符合句意,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas(
)intropicalcountries.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.prospective
B.prevalent
C.provocative
D.perpetual
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來的、預(yù)期的”;B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的、普遍的”;C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的、挑撥的”;D選項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的、永遠(yuǎn)的”,從句中關(guān)鍵詞“eyedisease眼疾,tropicalcountries熱帶國家”可聯(lián)系到prevalent“流行的、普遍的”。句意為:一些研究證實(shí)這種眼疾在熱帶國家很普遍。故正確答案選B。
14.單選題
Thisdiplomaisimportant,which(
)thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.amplifies
B.certifies
C.clarifies
D.magnifies
【答案】B
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amplify“放大,擴(kuò)大”;B選項(xiàng)certify“證明”;C選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清,闡明”;D選項(xiàng)magnify“贊美,夸大”。
句意:這個(gè)文憑很重要,它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
15.單選題
They()outbecausethelightison.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.mustn’thavegone
B.maynothavegone
C.cannothavegone
D.needn’thavegone
【答案】C
【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。表示推測(cè)時(shí),肯定形式用must,否定形式用can’t一般表示對(duì)事實(shí)有根據(jù)的否定推測(cè)。如:Hecan’tbeinthehouse;hewentouthalfanhourago.(他不可能在家,半小時(shí)前他就出去了。)can后接動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)表示某人可能已經(jīng)做了某事或某事已發(fā)生,或者由虛擬語氣延伸而表示“能而未”。如:Wherecanhehavegone?(他能去哪兒了呢?)Manywomencouldhavehadverygoodpositionsinsociety,buttheypreferredtostayathometakingcareoftheirfamilies.(許多婦女都能在社會(huì)上找到很好的工作,但她們寧愿呆在家里,照顧家人。),A選項(xiàng)mustn’thavegone“禁止出去”;mustnot表示禁止,語氣強(qiáng)硬,一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài),B選項(xiàng)maynothavegone“可能沒出去”;C選項(xiàng)cannothavegone“不可能出去”;D選項(xiàng)needn’thavegone“不需要出去”。句意:燈還開著,他們_____。由“燈還開著”可以推斷出,他們不可能出去了,一定還在家,所以本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。
16.單選題
IthasbeentenyearssinceI(
)youlast.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.see
B.saw
C.didn'tsee
D.haven'tseen
【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)last可知這里應(yīng)該為一般過去時(shí),排除選項(xiàng)A和D;根據(jù)句意可知,選項(xiàng)B正確。句意:自從我上次見你到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有十年了。
17.單選題
Theseeffectsresultinnutrientimbalancesinplants,______reducingplantgrowth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.consecutively
B.subsequently
C.consequently
D.consistently
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)consecutively“連續(xù)地”,B項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后,其后”,C項(xiàng)consequently“因此,結(jié)果”,D項(xiàng)consistently“一貫地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞nutrientimbalancesinplants(植物的營養(yǎng)失衡)和reducingplantgrowth(減少了植物的生長)可知,前后是因果關(guān)系,所以C項(xiàng)符合。句意:這些影響導(dǎo)致植物營養(yǎng)失衡,從而降低植物生長。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.
“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.
Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”
“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.
RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.
Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.
Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”
1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?
2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof(
).
3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare
(
).
4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.
B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.
C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.
D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.undervaluingintellect
B.favoringintellectualism
C.supportingschoolreform
D.suppressingnativeintelligence
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.identical
B.similar
C.complementary
D.opposite
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.apioneerofeducationreform
B.anopponentofintellectualism
C.ascholarinfavorofintellect
D.anadvocateofregularschooling
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“美國家長期望他們的孩子在學(xué)校學(xué)到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我們送孩子去學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的學(xué)校也不是為了求知”(Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge),可知美國家長送孩子去學(xué)校的目的是培養(yǎng)實(shí)踐能力,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文章中我們可以知美國有過一段怎樣的歷史”。文章第二段第一句話提到“教育作家提出,學(xué)校一直處于一個(gè)重視實(shí)際而輕視才智的社會(huì)中”(“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli),選項(xiàng)A“輕視才智”符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Ravitch和Emerson關(guān)于學(xué)校的觀點(diǎn)……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生(RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren),由此可見愛默生是不認(rèn)可所謂的才智主義;文章第二段提到了Ravitcli關(guān)于教育的觀點(diǎn),他認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該平衡“實(shí)踐能力與才智教育”,不能一味重視實(shí)踐能力,由此可以看書Ravitcli是重視才智的。由此可以看出,這兩位的觀點(diǎn)是相反的,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可以得知,愛默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義者認(rèn)為學(xué)校和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)禁錮了學(xué)生(RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren),由此可知愛默生是反對(duì)才智主義的,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
19.單選題
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.(1)inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas(2)onbothsideswithmany(3)businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,andgroceries.(4),someshopsoffer(5).Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.(6)inthe1950s,achangebeganto(7).ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet(8)toofewparkingplaceswere(9)shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces(10)thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot(11)thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,(12)asacollectionofsmallnewstores(13)crowdedcitycentres.(14)byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom(15)areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing(16)ofshoppingcentresled(17)tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.(18)thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe(19)ofonestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,(20)benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Asearlyas
B.Early
C.Earlyas
D.Earlier
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.built
B.designed
C.intended
D.lined
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.varied
B.various
C.sorted
D.mixedup
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Apartfrom
B.However
C.Inaddition
D.Aswell
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.medicalcare
B.food
C.cosmetics
D.services
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.Suddenly
B.Abruptly
C.Contrarily
D.But
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.betakingplace
B.takeplace
C.betakenplace
D.havetakenplace
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.while
B.yet
C.though
D.andthen
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.availablefor
B.availableto
C.usedby
D.readyfor
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.over
B.from
C.outof
D.outside
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.when
B.while
C.since
D.then
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.started
B.founded
C.setup
D.organized
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.outof
B.awayfrom
C.nextto
D.near
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.Attracted
B.Surprised
C.Delighted
D.Enjoyed
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.inner
B.central
C.shopping
D.downtown
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.distinction
B.fame
C.popularity
D.liking
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.inturn
C.byturns
D.further
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.By
B.During
C.In
D.Towards
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.cheapness
B.readiness
C.convenience
D.handiness
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.becauseof
B.and
C.with
D.provided
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:D
第6題:D
第7題:B
第8題:A
第9題:B
第10題:D
第11題:A
第12題:A
第13題:B
第14題:A
第15題:D
第16題:C
第17題:B
第18題:A
第19題:C
第20題:C
【解析】1.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Asearlyas“像……一樣早的”;B選項(xiàng)Early“在初期”;C選項(xiàng)Earlyas“像……一樣早”;D選項(xiàng)Earlier“早期的”。原文指的是“在20世紀(jì)初期”,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文語境。
2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)build“建立,建造”;B選項(xiàng)design“設(shè)計(jì)”;C選項(xiàng)intend“打算,想要”;D選項(xiàng)line“排成一排”。根據(jù)原文可知,這里是說很多商店沿著街道排成一排,所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)varied“多變的”;B選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”;C選項(xiàng)sorted“分類的”;D選項(xiàng)mixup“混淆,調(diào)和”。根據(jù)原文可知,這里是指各種各樣的商店,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
4.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)Apartfrom“除……之外”,后面必須接對(duì)象,不能單獨(dú)使用;B選項(xiàng)However“然而”;C選項(xiàng)Inaddition“另外,此外”,可作為插入語使用;D選項(xiàng)Aswell“同樣地,此外”,一般用于句尾。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)medicalcare“醫(yī)療護(hù)理”;B選項(xiàng)food“食物”;C選項(xiàng)cosmetics“裝飾品”;D選項(xiàng)service“服務(wù)”。上文提到,商店提供各類商品,這里應(yīng)該是提供服務(wù),選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
6.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)Suddenly“突然地”;B選項(xiàng)Abruptly“唐突地,硬生生地”;C選項(xiàng)Contrarily“相反地”;D選項(xiàng)But“但是”。根據(jù)原文可知,這里是指20世紀(jì)50年代發(fā)生了變化,前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)D符合語境。
7.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。begintodosth.意為“開始做某事”,后接動(dòng)詞原形,且takeplace沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。
8.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)while“然而”,表對(duì)比;B選項(xiàng)yet“但是,然而”,表轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)though“盡管”;D選項(xiàng)andthen“于是,然后”。前面提到了很多汽車,和后面很少的停車位形成了對(duì)比,所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。
9.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)availablefor“可用于……的”;B選項(xiàng)availableto“現(xiàn)有的”;C選項(xiàng)usedby“被……用來”;D選項(xiàng)readyfor“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。beavailableto意為“可被……利用,可得到的”,這里指的是“可供購物者使用的停車位太少”,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
10.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)over“在……之上”;B選項(xiàng)from“來自于”;C選項(xiàng)outof“在……外面”;D選項(xiàng)outside“在……范圍之外”。根據(jù)原文可知,這里是指“商人們開始對(duì)城市界限范圍外的空地感興趣?!彼赃x項(xiàng)D更符合語境。
11.考查邏輯連詞。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)購物中心建成的時(shí)候,他們就獲得了空地”,這里是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。
12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)started“開始”;B選項(xiàng)founded“建立”;C選項(xiàng)setup“建立”;D選項(xiàng)organized“組織”。根據(jù)句意“購物中心,或者更確切地說,商場(chǎng),最初是從一些小型新商店的集合開始(形成)的”,選項(xiàng)A符合語境。
13.考查上下文語義。結(jié)合上文語境可知,既然是城市界限范圍之外的空地,應(yīng)該是遠(yuǎn)離擁擠的城市中心,所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Attract“吸引”;B選項(xiàng)Surprise“使驚奇”;C選項(xiàng)Delight“使高興”;D選項(xiàng)Enjoy“欣賞,享受”。根據(jù)句意可知,顧客應(yīng)該是被免費(fèi)的停車位所吸引,所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。
15.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)inner“內(nèi)部的”;B選項(xiàng)central“中心的”;C選項(xiàng)shopping“購物”;D選項(xiàng)downtown“市區(qū)”。根據(jù)原文可知,這里指顧客們離
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