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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大理農(nóng)林職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Everybabybornadecadefromnowwillhaveitsgeneticcodemappedatbirth,agenomesequencingcompanyhaspredicted.

AcompleteDNAread-outforeverynewbornwillbetechnicallyfeasibleandaffordableinlessthanfiveyears,promisingarevolutioninhealthcare,saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina.

Thiswillopenanewapproachtomedicine,bywhichconditionssuchasdiabetesandheartdiseasecanbepredictedanddrugsprescribedmoresafelyandeffectively.

Thedevelopment,however,willraisedifficultquestionsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.Manypeoplemaybereluctanttohavetheirgenomeread,forfearthattheresultscouldbeusedagainstthembyanemployerorinsurancecompany.

Theprospectofgenomescreeningforallhasemergedbecauseoftheplummetingcostoftherelevanttechnology.

TheHumanGenomeProject,whichpublisheditsfirstroughsequenceofmankind’sgeneticcodein2001,costanestimated$4billion.BythetimethescientistsJamesWatsonandCraigVenterhadtheirgenomesmappedtwoyearsago,thecosthadfallentoabout$1m.

Lastmonth,IlluminaannouncedadealwithaBritishcompanythatisdevelopinganewapproachtosequencingthatcouldbringcostsdownfurther.InaninterviewwithTheTimes,Dr.Flatleysaidagenomesequenceshouldbeavailableforlessthan$1,000inthreetofouryears.

“Thelimitationsaresociological;whenandwherepeoplethinkitcanbeapplied,theconcernspeoplehaveaboutmisinformationandthebackgroundethicsquestions.”

“Ithinkthoseareactuallygoingtobethelimitsthatpushitouttoaten-yeartimeframe,”headded.

Byexaminingwhichgeneticvariantsapersonhasinherited,itispossibletoidentifyraisedrisksofdevelopinganarrayofconditions,includingcardiovasculardiseaseandmanycancers.Thoseathighriskcanthenbescreenedmoreregularly,orgivendrugsordietaryadvicetolowertheirchancesofbecomingill.

Personalgenomesequencing,however,willraiselegitimateconcernsaboutprivacy,“Badthingscanbedonewiththegenome.Itcouldpredictsomethingaboutsomeone—andyoucouldpotentiallyhandinformationtotheiremployerortheirinsurancecompany,”saidDr.Flatley,“Legislationhastobepassed.”

Completegeneticprivacy,however,wasunlikelytobepossible,headded.

“Peoplehavetorecognizethatthishorseisoutofthebarn,andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.”

Asthebenefitsbecomeclearer,however,hebelievesthatmostpeoplewillwanttheirgenomesreadandinterpreted.Theapparentbenefitswouldsooneclipsethehazards.

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?

問題1選項

A.lawswillallowit

B.itwillcostless

C.employerswillwelcomeit

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcare

問題2選項

A.Intwoorthreeyears.

B.Infive-yeartime.

C.Inabouttenyears.

D.Inthreeorfouryears.

問題3選項

A.events

B.limitations

C.diseases

D.situations

問題4選項

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.

問題5選項

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項釋義】

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.26.完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的,因為______。

A.lawswillallowitA.法律允許這樣做

B.itwillcostlessB.它將花費更少

C.employerswillwelcomeitC.雇主會歡迎它

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcareD.這是醫(yī)療保健的一場革命

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段“在不到五年的時間里,為每個新生兒讀取完整的DNA在技術上是可行的,也將是負擔得起的(affordable),這預示著醫(yī)療保健領域的一場革命(arevolutioninhealthcare)”,從affordable一詞可知,完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的是因為公眾能夠負擔得起。故選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

D選項并不是其原因,而是其性質(zhì),該項屬于出處錯位。

27.【選項釋義】

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?27.根據(jù)弗拉特利博士,基因組篩查何時才能真正應用于公眾?

A.Intwoorthreeyears.A.兩三年內(nèi)。

B.Infive-yeartime.B.五年內(nèi)。

C.Inabouttenyears.C.大約十年內(nèi)。

D.Inthreeorfouryears.D.三四年內(nèi)。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文章第七段提到“在三到四年內(nèi),一個基因組序列將以低于1000美元的價格面世”,可知,三到四年內(nèi)基因組篩查就可以應用于公眾;然而根據(jù)第九段“我認為這些實際上(actually)是將它推到十年期限的限制”,其中“限制”指的是第八段提到的“人們對錯誤信息的擔憂以及背景倫理問題”,從中可知,因為一些社會限制,基因組篩查將推遲到十年的期限,其中原文中的actually一詞正好與題干相對應。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項定位到原文第二段“Illumina首席執(zhí)行官表示(saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina),在不到五年的時間里(inlessthanfiveyears),為每個新生兒進行完整的DNA讀取在技術上是可行的,而且是可以負擔得起的,有望在醫(yī)療保健領域掀起一場革命”可知五年內(nèi)的這一時間觀點是Illumina首席執(zhí)行官所認為的內(nèi)容,不是題干所問弗拉特利博士的觀點,屬于張冠李戴;

D選項并不是實際上能夠應用于公眾的時間,屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.28.文中下劃線的“conditions”很可能是______的意思。

A.eventsA.事件

B.limitationsB.限制

C.diseasesC.疾病

D.situationsD.狀況,情境

【考查點】詞義推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)conditions定位至倒數(shù)第五段第一句“通過檢查一個人遺傳了哪些基因變異,有可能確定一系列conditions的風險增加,包括(including)心血管疾病和許多癌癥”,由including可知,心血管疾病和許多癌癥是包括在conditions之內(nèi)的,而心血管疾病和許多癌癥屬于疾病,所以推測conditions在這里是指“疾病”的意思。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文,屬于曲解原文。

29.【選項釋義】

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?29.與個人基因組測序相關的“壞事”可能是什么?

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.A.泄露公司秘密。

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.B.預測一個人的性格。

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.C.心血管疾病的發(fā)展。

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.D.侵犯他人隱私。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)badthing定位至倒數(shù)第四段第一句“然而,個人基因組測序?qū)⒁饘﹄[私(privacy)的合理擔憂,基因組可以做‘壞事’”,結(jié)合第二句“它可以預測一個人的一些事情,你可能會把信息交給他們的雇主或保險公司”,可知,“壞事”是指基因組可以預測一個人的一些事情,并且這些信息將會被賣給雇主或保險公司,這些信息屬于個人隱私,所以“badthing”指的是侵犯個人隱私。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項沒提到,屬于無中生有;

B、C選項不夠全面,屬于以偏概全。

30.【選項釋義】

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?30.弗拉特利博士如何看待基因組篩查?

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.A.它的優(yōu)點多于缺點。

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.B.它對那些疾病風險高的嬰兒有益。

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.C.它會損害人們的隱私。

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.D.它將幫助雇主選擇優(yōu)秀的候選人。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一段“然而,他相信,隨著好處越來越明顯,大多數(shù)人會希望自己的基因組被解讀和解釋。顯而易見的好處很快就會蓋過(eclipse)危險?!笨芍?,盡管基因組篩查會帶來隱私泄露的危險,但是它的好處很快就會蓋過它的壞處,A項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B、D選項沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項雖然有提到,但是并不全面,屬于以偏概全。

2.單選題

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

問題1選項

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

問題2選項

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.(作為該地區(qū)的自然地理中心,芝加哥成為一個巨大交通網(wǎng)絡的十字路口)可知A選項“它位于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的中間”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.(1847年,密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統(tǒng)在芝加哥相連,同年,伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河通車)可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河于1847年正式開通,因此選B。

3.單選題

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

問題1選項

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查點】不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

【解題思路】knowledge表示“知識,學問”時,是不可數(shù)名詞。所以knowledge要用原形,該題選擇D項。

【句意】科學技術是受過教育的人的知識的一部分。

4.單選題

Despitethe______ofherbusyafternoons—homework,carpooling,dinnerpreparation—shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm.

問題1選項

A.enigma

B.turbulence

C.labyrinth

D.precariousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項enigma“謎,不可思議的東西”,B項turbulence“騷亂,動蕩,混亂”,C項labyrinth“迷宮”,D項precariousness“不安全,不穩(wěn)定”。由后面的句子shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm(她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜),結(jié)合despite(盡管)可知,“混亂”符合語境。句意:盡管下午很忙:家庭作業(yè),拼車,準備晚餐,但她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜。因此,該題選擇B項。

5.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的;有規(guī)律的;合格的;整齊的;普通的”;B選項immediate“立即的;直接的;最接近的”;C選項prevalent“流行的;普遍的,廣傳的”;D選項temporary“暫時的,臨時的”。句意:公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的;定期的”,得知A選項正確。

6.單選題

Chemicalbombscarrychemicalagentssuchasnervegas,orbiologicalweaponssuchasthecontagiousdiseaseanthrax.

問題1選項

A.infectious

B.destructive

C.mysterious

D.incurable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infectious傳染性的,感染的(尤指通過呼吸)B.destructive引起破壞(或毀滅)的,破壞(或毀滅)性的

C.mysterious神秘的,不易解釋的D.incurable不能治愈的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】contagious的意思為“(疾?。┙佑|傳染的”,修飾disease,指的是傳染病,infectious與之詞義相近,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】化學炸彈含有神經(jīng)毒氣等化學物質(zhì),或炭疽熱傳染病等生物武器。

7.單選題

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphiloso?phies.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harm?ful,oraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesthatweunquestionablyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepreten?sionsofscience;AModestProposaldramatizesstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxley,andpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiremethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopin?ions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscom?bination,andspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausethereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Sat?ireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstore?mindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaishypocritical,sentimental,andonlypar?tiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbutlendloforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhydoestheauthormentionDonQuixote,BraveNewWorldandAModestproposalinthefirstparagraph?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatiricliterature?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe()

問題1選項

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

問題2選項

A.Theyarefamousexamplesofsatiricliterature.

B.Theypresentcommonsensesolutionstoproblems.

C.Theyareappropriateforreadersofallages.

D.Theyarebookswithsimilarstories.

問題3選項

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralsandethics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

問題4選項

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopment

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“presentsthefamiliarinanewform”,可知首先諷刺作品以新的形式呈現(xiàn)熟悉的事物。后面提到了“Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideathatmadethesesatirespopular…madetheminterestingandentertaining.”表達方法和諷刺技巧讓諷刺文學流行,所以主要講到了諷刺文學的流行原因。選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,作者用《堂吉訶德》、《奇妙的新世界》和《溫和的建議》這三部小說舉例子,這三部小說都是著名的諷刺小說,以獨特的手法來呈現(xiàn)熟悉的事物,以此來論證自己的觀點。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句,“Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombination…”,可知諷刺文學中是將熟悉的事物不協(xié)調(diào)地組合在一起,并不是奇怪的事物的組合。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“remindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaishypocritical,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.”。提醒人們在媒體上看到的聽到的并不完全是真實的。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifyousawadoctorleavingahouse,youmight()thatsomeoneinthehousewasill.

問題1選項

A.induce

B.deduce

C.reduce

D.refer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項induce“誘導;引起;引誘”;B選項deduce“推論;演繹出”;C選項reduce“減少;降低”;D選項refer“涉及;委托;參考”。句意:如果你看到一個醫(yī)生離開一所房子,你可能會……房子里有人生病了。“醫(yī)生”和“有人生病”之間存在推論,因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindednesswillbebackinvogue,forbetterorworse.

Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.In1979,threequartersofAmericanofficespacewerelocatedincentralcities.Thenewcompanies,researchcentersandentrepreneursareflockingtotheselowbuildingsnearairports,highwaysandtheWal-Martmalls,andtheyarecreatinganewkindofsuburbanlife.ThereareentirelynewmetropolisesrisingboomsuburbslikeMesa,Arizona,thatalreadyhavemorepeoplethanMinneapolisorSt.Louis.WearenowapproachingamomentinwhichthemajorityofAmericanofficespace,andthehubofAmericanentrepreneurship,willbefoundinquietofficeparksinplaceslikeRockville,Maryland,andinthesprawlingsuburbospherearoundAtlanta.

Wealsoknowthatfuture-mindednessitselfwillbecometheobjectofgreaterstudy.Wearediscoveringthattherearemanythingsthathumanbeingsdoeasilythatcomputerscandoonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.

47.ThethirdparagraphexaminesAmerica’sfuture-mindednessfromthe()perspective.

48.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTbroughtaboutbyfuture-mindedness?

49.Theword“pooh-pooh”inthesixthparagraphmeans().

50.Accordingtothepassage,peopleatpresentcanforecast()ofanewroundoffuture-mindedness.

51.Theauthorpredictsinthelastparagraphthatthestudyoffuture-mindednesswillfocuson().

問題1選項

A.future

B.realistic

C.historical

D.present

問題2選項

A.Economicstagnation.

B.Environmentaldestruction.

C.Highdivorcerates.

D.Neglectofhistory.

問題3選項

A.appreciate

B.praise

C.shun

D.ridicule

問題4選項

A.thenature

B.thelocation

C.thevariety

D.thefeatures

問題5選項

A.howitcomesintobeing.

B.howitfunctions.

C.whatitbringsabout.

D.whatitisrelatedto.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】47.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段...forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories(因為這是這個國家最古老的傳統(tǒng)。早期的清教徒生活在幾乎石器時代的環(huán)境中,但他們受到未來榮耀的啟示)以及TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.(開國元勛們占領了13個破敗的殖民地,并相信他們正在地球上創(chuàng)建一個新的國家。)這些都是作者對于過去美國歷史的一些回顧,因此作者在第三段中是以歷史的角度考察了美國的未來意識。因此C選項“歷史的”正確。A選項“未來的”;B選項“現(xiàn)實的”以及D選項“現(xiàn)在的”都不是第三段的敘事角度。

48.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞可以定位到第五段Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.(對未來的關注導致了美國人生活的混亂、對歷史的遺忘、高比率的家庭破裂以及對自然資源的瘋狂浪費。)其中A選項“經(jīng)濟停滯”是沒有提到的,當選。B選項“環(huán)境破壞”;C選項“高離婚率”以及D選項“對歷史的忽視”,都是文章中有提到的。

49.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞直接定位到第六段Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.(如果說1990年代是著眼未來的偉大十年,那么我們現(xiàn)在正處于經(jīng)歷的季節(jié)之中。我似乎更冷靜地持懷疑態(tài)度,對所有那些在電信未來上輸了錢的IPO傻瓜們_____。)這句話通過后面的sucker“容易上當受騙的人”以及wholosttheirmoney“那些輸錢的人”可以看出,對他們應該是抱有鄙夷的態(tài)度的,因此D選項ridicule“嘲笑,奚落”正確。A選項appreciate“欣賞”;B選項praise“稱贊”;C選項shun“避開”都不正確。

50.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第八段Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.(我們不知道下一次的未來狂勝會是什么樣子。我們知道它將在哪里發(fā)生:美國郊區(qū)。)根據(jù)這句話可以得出,B選項“地點”正確。A選項“未來”;C選項“種類”以及D選項“特點”都不是可以預測的。

51.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一段Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.(認知科學家現(xiàn)在正試圖破解人類的想象,理解大腦是如何想象、做夢和創(chuàng)造的,我們也知道,有未來意識的地方就有希望。)根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項“它是如何工作的”正確。A選項“它是如何發(fā)生的”;C選項“它帶來了什么”以及D選項“它與什么相關”都不是作者預測的研究對象。

10.單選題

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepersandbecauseofthiscanclaimhumanity'slongestcontinuous(

)ofnaturalevents.

問題1選項

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。A選項的defiance“挑戰(zhàn),挑釁,蔑視”;B選項的documentation“文件”;C選項的maintenance“維持,維修,保養(yǎng)”;D選項的domination“支配,統(tǒng)治”。根據(jù)句意‘中國人繼古埃及人之后旋即展開了有系統(tǒng)的天文與氣候觀察,可謂是勤勉不輟的文獻記錄者,基于這一原因,中國人可聲稱擁有人類歷史上對自然事件最漫長悠久、持之以恒的文獻記載’確定B選項正確。

11.填空題

Everytimeapersoneatssomethinghemakesanutritionaldecision.Heacceptsorrejectsthefoodavailabletohimathomeformealsorsnacks.Orheselectsfoodforhimselfatmanyplacesinthecommunity,(1)supermarkets,drive-ins,restaurants,andfoodcountersindrugstores.Theseselectionsmakea(2)inhowanindividuallooks,howhefeels,andhowwellhecanworkandplay.

Whenagoodassortmentoffoodin(3)amountsisselectedandeaten,theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealthandenoughenergyto(4)onetobeasactiveasheneedsandwantstobe.Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable,the(5)arelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth.

StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnitedStates(6)thatfoodselectionisahighlyindividualmatter,evenamongyoungchildren.Furthermore,fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterdayandareeithernow(7)withtheconsequencesorwillbe(8)thefuture.

Nutritionistsand(9)inalliedprofessionshavebeen(10)abouthelpingpeoplelearntoselectandenjoyawidevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcan(11)toagooddiet.

Mostpeoplebelievethattheyare(12)—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones.Afterall,theyarenotreallysick,neitheraretheyhungry.However,theirnutritionisreallypoorinonerespector(13).Milkandmilkproducts,suchascheese,ice-cream,(14),andyogurt,areoftenneglected.Thenpeoplemayleaveoutintheirdietsmanyfruitsandvegetables,(15)thosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAandC.Theseincludedarkgreenleafyvegetables;deepyellowvegetables;andcitrusfruitsandvegetables,suchascabbages,tomatoes,andgreenpeppers.

【答案】1.suchas

2.difference

3.appropriate

4.allow

5.consequences

6.show

7.living

8.in

9.workers

10.concerned

11.addup

12.well-fed

13.another

14.buttermilk

15.particularly

【解析】1.前文提到“atmanyplacesinthecommunity在社區(qū)的很多地方”,下文出現(xiàn)各種地方如supermarkets,drive-ins“超市、免下車餐廳”等為上文的舉例,故選suchas“例如”。

2.前文提到“人們對食物的各種選擇”,下文提到“howanindividuallooks…workandplay一個人的外表……工作和娛樂”等推斷此處應選擇difference,“makeadifference有影響、起作用”整句話的含義為:這些選擇對一個人的外表、感覺以及他工作和娛樂的能力產(chǎn)生了影響。

3.由下文關鍵詞“amounts數(shù)量”及句子“theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealth...結(jié)果是更有可能獲得理想的健康水平”可推斷此處應選擇“適量的食物”,故選appropriate“合適的;恰當?shù)摹薄?/p>

4.前文提到“適量且好的食物選擇更可能讓人健康和有充足的能量”可推斷此處應選“允許”,表示“允許人們像他需要和想要的那樣活躍”,故選allow“容許;允許”。

5.前文提到“Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable但食物選擇較不理想時”,下文“…arelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth可能不健康或者精力有限,或者兩者皆有”,根據(jù)句意知前后為因果關系,故此處選consequences“結(jié)果,后果”。

6.由前文關鍵詞“studies調(diào)查,研究”及下文“that”后的調(diào)查結(jié)果“食物選擇是一個高度個性化的問題,即使在幼兒中也是如此”可推斷此處選擇show“顯示”符合題意。

7.上文提到“fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterday很多各個年齡階層的個人每天的食物選擇都很糟糕”及下文關鍵詞“withtheconsequences帶著這些后果”可推斷此處選“l(fā)iving生活”最符合題意。

8.inthefuture為固定短語“在將來”,故選“in”。整句話含義為“此外,很多各個年齡階層的個人每天的食物選擇都很糟糕,他們要么已經(jīng)生活在這些糟糕選擇所帶來的后果中,要么將在未來遭遇這些?!?/p>

9.由空格前表并列關系的連接詞and“和;與”可知此處應選擇與“Nutritionists營養(yǎng)學家”同類詞,選項中workers“工人;勞動者”最符合題意,故選“workers”。

10.“beconcernedabout關心”為固定短語,故選concerned“關心的”。

11.上文提到“awidevarietyoffoodcombinations各種各樣的食物組合”可推斷此處指“合計或總計”的意思,故選addup“合計;總計”符合題意。整句話的含義為:營養(yǎng)學家和相關專業(yè)的工作人員一直在關注幫助人們學會選擇和享受各種各樣的食物組合,這些食物組合可以構(gòu)成好的飲食。

12.下文提到“thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones.認為自己的食物選擇是很好的”及“However,theirnutritionisreallypoor...然而,他們的營養(yǎng)實際上很不好……”可推斷此處含義為“很多人認為他們營養(yǎng)充足”,故選well-fed“營養(yǎng)充足的”。

13.inonerespect“表示在一個方面”,or“或者;或”表示并列關系,由此可推斷another“另外的”符合題意。整句話的含義為:然而,他們的營養(yǎng)在某方面實際上很不好。

14.此處為對“Milkandmilkproducts牛奶及牛奶制品”舉例,選項中只有buttermilk“脫脂牛奶”符合題意,故選“buttermilk”。

15.前文提到“Thenpeoplemayleaveoutintheirdietsmanyfruitsandvegetables然后是人們可能在自己的食物中漏掉很多水果和蔬菜”,下文中"thosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAandC,那些富含維他命A與C的水果和蔬菜”可推斷此處表示“特別是那些常含維他命A與C的水果和蔬菜”,選項中particularly“特別地”符合題意。

12.單選題

Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom(

).

問題1選項

A.travel

B.destination

C.instruction

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知,“seeking”和“fi

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