考研考博-英語-四川體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepublishingworldwouldbebadlyhitifpoliticiansdidnot（

）theirdiariesfromtimetotimeshowingjusthowtheyreactedatthetimetoparticularworldevents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partwith

B.bringforth

C.layout

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)partwith“與······分開；舍棄”；B選項(xiàng)bringforth“產(chǎn)生；發(fā)表”；C選項(xiàng)layout“展示；安排”；D選項(xiàng)turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于；致力于”。句意：如果政客們沒有不時(shí)······當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)世界大事的反應(yīng)，那么出版界將受到嚴(yán)重打擊。由句意可知，出版界的新聞來源之一與“政客對(duì)世界大事的反應(yīng)”有關(guān)，“發(fā)表意見”符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)operate“操作；經(jīng)營；引起；行動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力；投稿；捐獻(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)monitor“監(jiān)控”；D選項(xiàng)send“發(fā)送，寄；派遣；使進(jìn)入；發(fā)射”。句意：然后，她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像，繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑”，得知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。

3.單選題

Vacationpoliciescontinuetobeasourceof（）betweenmanagementandtheworkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbance

B.resistance

C.contraction

D.friction

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：休閑度假政策仍然是管理層和工人之間（）的根源。

disturbance干擾，騷亂；resistance阻力，電阻，抵抗；contraction收縮，緊縮；friction

摩擦。D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案為A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案為B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而這里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句話說的睡覺模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合這一睡覺模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案為D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此題可以用排除法，文章中提出五個(gè)常見的對(duì)睡眠的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)。B、C和D正是其中的三個(gè)，因而A為答案。

5.單選題

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情達(dá)理的”；hesitant“遲疑的，猶豫不定的”；intuitive“直覺的，憑直覺獲知的”。句意：人類是有直覺的，這讓他們?cè)谡也坏胶线m的理由時(shí)也能做決定。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Theconferencechairmanmadea（

）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。interesting“有趣的”；renewable“可再生的”；reversible“可逆的，可撤銷的”；preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：在開始下午的主要議程之前，會(huì)議主席致了開幕詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Onhiswanderingshe's（）Spanish,Italian,FrenchandasmatteringofRussian.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wokenup

B.takento

C.pickedup

D.cometo

【答案】C

【解析】wokenup醒來，開始警覺；takento開始從事，喜歡；pickedup學(xué)會(huì)，獲得，撿起；cometo回到現(xiàn)實(shí)。句意：他在旅途中學(xué)會(huì)了西班牙語、意大利語、法語和一點(diǎn)俄語。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

PsychologistsagreethatI.Q.contributeonlyabout20percentofthefactorsthatdeterminesuccess.Afull80percentcomesfromotherfactors,includingwhatIcallemotionalintelligence.Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped:

1.Self-awareness.Theabilitytorecognizeafeelingasithappensisthekeystoneofemotionalintelligence.Peoplewithgreatercertaintyabouttheiremotionsarebetterpilotsoftheirlives.

Developingself-awarenessrequirestuningintowhatneurologistAntonioDamasiocalls“gutfeelings.”Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem.Forexample,whenpeoplewhofearsnakesareshownapictureofasnake,sensorsontheirskinwilldetectsweat,asignofanxiety,eventhoughthepeoplesaytheydonotfeelfear.Thesweatshowsupevenapictureispresentedsorapidlythatthesubjecthasnoconsciousawarenessofseeingit.

Throughdeliberateeffortwecanbecomemoreawareofourgutfeelings.Takesomeonewhoisannoyedbyarudeencounterforhoursafteritoccurred.Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem.

Emotionalself-awarenessisthebuildingblockofthenextfundamentalofemotionintelligence:beingabletoshakeoffbadmood.

2.MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance.

Weoftenhavelittlecontroloverwhenwearesweptbyemotion.Butwecanhavesomesayinhowlongthatemotionwilllast.PsychologistDianneTiceaskedmorethan400menandwomenabouttheirstrategiesforescapingfoulmoods.Herresearch,alongwiththatofotherpsychologists,providesvaluableinformationonhowtochangeabadmood.

Ofallthemoodsthatpeoplewanttoescape,rageseemstobethehardesttodealwith.Whensomeoneinanothercarcutsyouoffonthehighway,yourreflexivethoughtmaybe:Thatjerk!Hecouldhavehitme!Ican’tlethimgetawaywiththat!Themoreyoustew,theangrieryouget.Suchisthestuffofhypertensionandrecklessdriving.

Whatshouldyoudotorelieverage?Onemythisthatventilatingwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Infact,researchershavefoundthat’soneoftheworststrategies.Amoreeffectivetechniqueis“refraining”,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency.Thisisoneofthemostpotentways,Ticefound,toputangertorest.

Goingoffalonetocoolclownisalsoaneffectivewaytorefuseanger,especiallyifyoucan’tthinkclearly.Ticefoundthatalargeproportionofmencooldownbygoingforadrive—afindingthatinspiredhertodrivemoredefensively.Asaferalternativeisexercise,suchastakingalongwalk.Whateveryoudo,don’twastethetimepursuingyourtrainofangerthoughts.Youraimshouldbetodistractyourself.

Thetechniquesofreframinganddistractioncanalleviatedepressionandanxietyaswellasanger.Addtothemsuchrelaxationtechniquesasdeepbreathingandmeditationandyouhaveanarsenalofweaponsagainstbadmoods.

1.Whataregutfeelings?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofknowingone’sgutfeelingsisthat（）.

3.Theword“spice”inParagraph6isclosedinmeaningto（）.

4.Theessenceof“refraining”inParagraph9is（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarefeelingoneisbornwith.

B.Theyarefeelingsonemaybeunawareof.

C.Theyarefeelingsoffearandanxiety.

D.Theyarefeelingsfeltbysensiblepeople.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onecandevelopthem

B.onecancallother’sattentiontothem

C.onemaygetridofthem

D.onemaycontrolthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.addinterestto

B.lengthen

C.makedull

D.bringintoexistence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.toforgettheunpleasantsituation

B.toadoptapositiveattitude

C.toprotectoneselfproperly

D.toavoidroadaccidents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhatisEmotionalIntelligence?

B.HowtoDevelopEmotionalIntelligence.

C.StrategiesforGettingRidofFoulMoods.

D.HowtoControlone’sGutFeelings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“gutfeelings”定位到第三段第二句話“Gutfeelingscanoccurwithoutapersonbeingconsciouslyawareofthem”（直覺可能在一個(gè)人沒有意識(shí)到的情況下發(fā)生）可知，直覺是人們可能沒有意識(shí)到的感覺。A選項(xiàng)“它們是天生的”沒有原文依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“它們是恐懼和焦慮的感覺”錯(cuò)誤，直覺包括很多種感覺；D選項(xiàng)“它們是理智的人所感受到的感情”錯(cuò)誤，人都會(huì)有直覺，沒有理性和感性之分。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)一、二句話“Hemaybeawareofhisirritabilityandsurprisedwhensomeonecallsattentiontoit.Butifheevaluateshisfeelings,hecanchangethem”（他可能意識(shí)到了自己的易怒，當(dāng)有人提醒他時(shí)，他會(huì)感到驚訝。但如果他評(píng)估自己的感受，他就能改變。）可知既然可以改變，那就是可以控制的。A選項(xiàng)“可以開發(fā)它們”、B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可以引起別人的注意”、C選項(xiàng)“人們可以擺脫它們”均說法錯(cuò)誤，文中沒有相關(guān)表述。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“spice”定位到第六段“MoodManagement.Badaswellasgoodmoodsspicelifeandbuildcharacter.Thekeyisbalance”（情緒管理。好心情和壞心情可以豐富生活，塑造性格。關(guān)鍵是平衡）可知spice是豐富的意思，即給生活增加樂趣。A選項(xiàng)“增加樂趣”；B選項(xiàng)“延長”、C選項(xiàng)“乏味”、D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生”三項(xiàng)與該處語義不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“refraining”定位到第九段“Amoreeffectivetechniqueis‘refraining’,whichmeansconsciouslyreinterpretingasituationinamorepositivelight.Inthecaseofthedriverwhocutsyouoff,youmighttellyourself:Maybehehadsomeemergency”（一種更有效的方法是“克制”，這意味著有意識(shí)地以一種更積極的態(tài)度重新解釋當(dāng)前的情況。對(duì)于插隊(duì)的司機(jī)，你可以告訴自己：也許他遇到了緊急情況）可知遇到問題時(shí)要克制自己，當(dāng)遇到插隊(duì)的司機(jī)時(shí)的想法告訴我們要用積極的態(tài)度去思考這些問題。A選項(xiàng)“忘記不愉快的處境”；C選項(xiàng)“妥善保護(hù)自己”、D選項(xiàng)“避免交通意外”三項(xiàng)不是本質(zhì)，而是具體可以怎么去讓自己的處境變得舒緩一點(diǎn)的方法，所以排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句話“Followingaretwoofthemajorqualitiesthatmakeupemotionalintelligence,andhowtheycanbedeveloped…”（以下是構(gòu)成情商的兩個(gè)主要品質(zhì)，以及如何開發(fā)它們……）可知本文主要圍繞如何開發(fā)情商所展開。A選項(xiàng)“什么是情商”概括不全面，文章不是主要講了情商的定義，有簡單的提及；C選項(xiàng)“擺脫壞心情的策略”、D選項(xiàng)“如何控制自己的直覺”兩項(xiàng)都是如何開發(fā)情商的不同的兩個(gè)方法，不能概括整個(gè)文章的主旨大意，所以排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Recently,theUnitedStatesFishandwildlifeServiceannounceditwoulddesignate“criticalhabitat”fortheendangeredjaguarintheUnitedStatesandtakethefirststepstowardcommandingajaguarrecoveryplan.Thisisapolicyreversal(therewaspreciousdecisionfromthemnottodeterminecriticalhabitatforthejaguar)and,onthesurface,itmayappeartobeavictoryfortheconservationcommunityandforjaguars,thelargestwildcatsintheWesternHemisphere.Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.

DesignatingjaguarhabitatmeansthatFishandWildlifemustnowalsoformulatearecoveryplanforthejaguar.Butjaguarshavenotbeenabletoreestablishthemselvesnaturallyoverthepastcentury,thegovernmentwilllikelyhavetogotosignificantexpensetoattempttobringthemback—especiallyifthecatshavetobereintroduced.

Sowhynotdoeverythingwecanatwhatevercost,tobringjaguarsbackintotheUnitedStates?Tobeginwith,theAmericanSouthwestis,atbest,marginalhabitatfortheanimals.Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder,fromMexicotoArgentina,thousandsofjaguarsliveandbreedintheirtruecriticalhabitat.GovernmentsandconservationgroupsarealreadyworkinghardtoconservejaguarpopulationsandconnectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.

ThejaguarsthatnowandthencrossintotheUnitedStatesmostlikelycomefromthenorthernmostpopulationofjaguars,inSonora,Mexico.Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.

TherecentmovebytheFishandwildlifeServicemeansthatthesparsefederalfundsdevotedtoprotectingwildanimalswillbewastedoneffortsthatcannothelpsavejaguars.Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakentheEndangeredSpeciesAct,becauseifcriticalhabitatisredefinedasanyplacewhereaspeciesmighteverhaveexisted,andwhereyouorImightwantittoexistagain,thenthedoorisopenformanyothersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.

TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

7.Toachievejaguarrecovery,authoritiesprobablyneedto（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmeasuresshouldwetaketokeepjaguar’snumber?

9.WhatdoestheauthorconcernmostabouttheFishandWildlifeService’snewdecision?

10.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheFishandWildlifeService（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Designatingcriticalhabitatisavictoryfortheconservationcommunity.

B.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationdoesnotfollowthelawofscience.

C.Todesignatecriticalhabitatisthefirststepofajaguarrecoveryplan.

D.Thecriticalhabitatdesignationshowsthepolicyreversalofanimalprotection.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.startanewinitiativetoconservejaguar’spopulation

B.raisethenumberofjaguar’scriticalhabitat

C.investasubstantialamountofmoney

D.reversetheiroriginalpolicyofjaguar

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ToreintroducejaguarsintoAmerica.

B.Toprotectjaguar’struehabitat.

C.ToconstructmorenewhabitatinAmerica.

D.Toinvestmorefederalfundsforjaguars.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment’sjaguarprotectioneffortsmaybewasted

B.Wemaylosejaguar’struehabitatcompletelyinAmerica.

C.Thismayincurappealstoreintroduceotherlong-lastanimals.

D.Thedefinitionofcriticalhabitatmayhavetoberewritten.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.failedtoinsistontheircorrectdecision

B.mainlyfocusesonjaguar’sconservation

C.hasformulatedaplanforjaguar’sreintroduction

D.spendsmoremoneytopreservejaguarthanithas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段Butassomeonewhohasstudiedjaguarsfornearlythreedecades,Icantellyouitisnothinglessthanaslapinthefacetogoodscience.（但是作為一個(gè)研究了近三十年的美洲虎的人，我可以告訴你，這不過是對(duì)好科學(xué)的一記耳光。）前面作者說到，“表面上是一個(gè)勝利”，而后一句就否定了，因此在作者看來他是不支持這個(gè)新棲息地指定的，因此B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的指定并不遵循科學(xué)規(guī)律”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指定關(guān)鍵棲息地是保護(hù)團(tuán)體的勝利”，作者認(rèn)為這只是表面的；C選項(xiàng)“確定關(guān)鍵棲息地是美洲豹恢復(fù)計(jì)劃的第一步”，作者沒有說明；D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的確定表明了動(dòng)物保護(hù)政策的逆轉(zhuǎn)”，這是作者的反諷。

7.判斷推理題。在第三段中Moreimportantly,therearebetterwaystohelpjaguars.Southofourborder...connectthemtooneanotherthroughaninitiativecalledtheJaguarCorridor.（更重要的是，有更好的方法來幫助美洲虎。從墨西哥到阿根廷，我們邊界以南，成千上萬的美洲虎生活在它們真正重要的棲息地，它們生活和繁殖。各國政府和保護(hù)組織已經(jīng)在努力保護(hù)美洲虎種群，并通過一項(xiàng)名為“捷豹走廊”的倡議，將它們相互聯(lián)系起來。）以及后面的weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國。）可以看出，在作者看來現(xiàn)在最關(guān)鍵的是這個(gè)政策并不對(duì)，因此D選項(xiàng)“改變他們?cè)瓉韺?duì)美洲虎的政策”正確。A選項(xiàng)“開始一項(xiàng)保護(hù)美洲虎種群的新計(jì)劃”，這個(gè)是正在做的，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“增加美洲虎的關(guān)鍵棲息地?cái)?shù)量”，是作者所不同意的，作者認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)不是數(shù)量，而是找到真正適合它們居住的地方；C選項(xiàng)“投資一大筆錢”，這個(gè)是之后可能會(huì)需要的，而不是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

8.判斷推理題。B選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)美洲虎真正的棲息地”在倒數(shù)第三段Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry,weshouldhelpMexicoandotherjaguar-rangecountriesconservetheanimals’truehabitat.（我們應(yīng)該幫助墨西哥和其他美洲虎國家保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物真正的棲息地，而不是要求美洲虎返回我國。）因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“將美洲虎重新引入美洲”在剛剛這句話中已經(jīng)否定了，Ratherthandemandjaguarsreturntoourcountry（而不是要求美洲虎返回我國）；因此C選項(xiàng)在“美國建造更多的新棲息地”，也是不正確的；D選項(xiàng)“為美洲虎投入更多的聯(lián)邦資金”，這個(gè)是有提到，但是并沒有說是現(xiàn)在Otherwise,whenfundsareneededtopreserveallthosesmall,ugly,non-attractiveendangeredspeciesatthebackoftheline,theremaybenomoneyleft.（否則，當(dāng)需要資金來保護(hù)排在后面的所有這些小的、丑陋的、不吸引人的瀕危物種時(shí)，可能就沒有錢了。）

9.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Mostimportant,thisalsostandstoweakenthe...othersenselesseffortstobringbacklong-lostcreatures.（最重要的是，這也會(huì)削弱《瀕危物種法》，因?yàn)槿绻麑㈥P(guān)鍵棲息地重新定義為某個(gè)物種可能存在的任何地方，并且你或我可能希望它再次存在，那么，這扇門將為許多其他毫無意義的努力打開，以找回長期丟失的生物。）而在作者看來?xiàng)⒌氐亩x非常重要，因?yàn)檫@就決定了美洲虎可以在什么地方被保護(hù)，因此他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新決定最大的影響就是改變了棲息地的定義，因此D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵棲息地的定義可能必須重寫”正確。A選項(xiàng)“政府保護(hù)美洲虎的努力可能白費(fèi)了”，過于籠統(tǒng)；B選項(xiàng)“我們可能會(huì)在美國完全失去美洲虎真正的棲息地”，這不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“這可能招致重新引進(jìn)其他壽命較長的動(dòng)物的呼吁”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)。

10.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到到最后一段第一句TheFishandWildlifeofficialswhosejobistoprotectthecountry’swildanimalsneedtogrowastrongerbackbone—stickwiththeiroriginal,correctdecisionandsavetheirmoneyformoreusefulpreservationwork.（負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)國家野生動(dòng)物的魚類和野生動(dòng)物官員需要培養(yǎng)一個(gè)更強(qiáng)壯的骨干，堅(jiān)持他們?cè)瓉碚_的決定，并為更有用的保護(hù)工作節(jié)省資金。）通過這句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們應(yīng)該是之前沒有能夠堅(jiān)持正確的決定，因此A選項(xiàng)“未能堅(jiān)持自己的正確決定”正確。B選項(xiàng)“主要關(guān)注美洲虎的保護(hù)”沒有體現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)為美洲虎的重新引入制定了計(jì)劃”，錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“花在保護(hù)美洲虎上的錢比實(shí)際的要多”，與文章正好相反。

10.單選題

ByeducationImeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,ofthoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironmentthatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthedirectionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefewandfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,suchananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinctimpliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardwithabdomen,goesbackwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeoffightorifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(asuselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemadewithapencil.

Advancedinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecouldonlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicatedinstincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherlineofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruthandcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponseslikethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,althoughselectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yetselectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.Theabilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascandefiniteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityareinnocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.

58.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

59.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lion?

60.Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspiderisremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwillprobably____.

61.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabits?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimalsinastrangesituation.

B.Whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsintheevolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beginacompletenet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreature.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。這是一篇科技性的文章，從文中內(nèi)容可知，作者是在講外部環(huán)境和遺傳是互補(bǔ)的因素，主要是為了說明兩個(gè)生物和遺傳學(xué)中重要的概念：先天的“本能”(instinct)和后天的“習(xí)慣”(habit)，以及它們之間相互的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A“昆蟲的進(jìn)化”可以排除掉，文章的主題顯然不是討論昆蟲的進(jìn)化。選項(xiàng)C“教育：環(huán)境的影響”，D“動(dòng)物的本能”都分別是文章討論的一個(gè)側(cè)面，也可以排除。所以應(yīng)該選B“環(huán)境和遺傳”，從全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明確表現(xiàn)出文章“環(huán)境和遺傳”這一主題。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。本題可參照第一段中間一句話ifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandisinterrupted,iteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions…ordiesinhelplessinactivity（如果這樣一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的動(dòng)物在一連串的行動(dòng)中被打斷，它要么徒勞地繼續(xù)剩下的行動(dòng)……要么在無助的無為中死去），從中可知，蟻獅會(huì)執(zhí)著地做出本能的反應(yīng)。因此A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)它參與連鎖行動(dòng)時(shí)它不能受到干擾”為正確答案。B項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物的本能會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物在陌生的情況下做出不合理的反應(yīng)”，C項(xiàng)“環(huán)境和遺傳在昆蟲進(jìn)化中是兩個(gè)補(bǔ)充因素”，D項(xiàng)“沿著進(jìn)化方向遺傳作用變小環(huán)境變得更為重要”，皆與文章不符。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。文章第一段最后一句Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastionofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovalfromahalf-finishedhome,willnotbeginagain,…（一只織網(wǎng)的蜘蛛在挖洞的時(shí)候，用沙礫和木屑筑起一個(gè)堡壘，當(dāng)它從一個(gè)半成品的家里搬走時(shí)，它不會(huì)再開始……），可知當(dāng)一只蜘蛛建造它的小巢的工作進(jìn)行到一半的時(shí)候，到了一個(gè)新的環(huán)境，它不會(huì)重新開始修建另一個(gè)巢穴，而是會(huì)繼續(xù)完成一個(gè)半成品的巢穴，這是動(dòng)物的本能的反映。依此類推，當(dāng)人們把一只蜘蛛從一個(gè)織了一半的網(wǎng)上拿到另外一個(gè)織了一半的網(wǎng)上的時(shí)候，它顯然會(huì)在本能的驅(qū)使下把那個(gè)織了一半的網(wǎng)完成。因此C項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)織剩下的網(wǎng)”，為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“開始織一個(gè)完整的網(wǎng)”，B項(xiàng)“摧毀織了一半的網(wǎng)”，D項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離網(wǎng)”，均不符合文意。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題?？蓮牡诙巫詈笠痪銱abits,insteadofbeingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsatall)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredfortheyounganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthanthoseoftheinsectsweremodeledtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbeconsiderablychangedwithoutharm（習(xí)慣，而不是天生的現(xiàn)成的（當(dāng)它們被稱為本能而不是習(xí)慣的時(shí)候），越來越多地被環(huán)境的影響所左右，其中最重要的因素是父母在幼年時(shí)期照顧小動(dòng)物，在幼年時(shí)期，比昆蟲更模糊的本能被模仿來適應(yīng)環(huán)境，環(huán)境可能會(huì)發(fā)生很大的變化而不會(huì)造成傷害），對(duì)習(xí)慣的描述推出C“他們受到環(huán)境的影響”。A項(xiàng)“他們是生物的自然天賦”，B“對(duì)所有動(dòng)物來說，它們比本能更重要”，D“他們注定會(huì)在人類的進(jìn)化中開闊有極其遠(yuǎn)大前景的可能性”，均錯(cuò)誤。

11.單選題

Thelovethat（）takesupresidenceinthesoulandhelpscompleteus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stands

B.bears

C.endure

D.lengthens

【答案】C

【解析】stand"忍受,抵抗";bear"忍受,支撐";endure"持續(xù),忍耐";lengthen"變長,延長"。句意：愛持續(xù)占據(jù)靈魂,使我們變得完整。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccused,offailureto（）thetroopstothepossibilityofanenemyattackduringtheweekend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruct

B.warn

C.dictate

D.alert

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instruct“指導(dǎo)，通知”；B選項(xiàng)warn“警告（偏向于告誡）”；C選項(xiàng)dictate“命令，口述”；D選項(xiàng)alert“使警覺，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情報(bào)部門被指控未能在周末向部隊(duì)（）敵人可能發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊的情況。本句的句意是要表達(dá)“情報(bào)部門沒有及時(shí)通報(bào)讓部隊(duì)警覺”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Ontopofthebarrenhill（）apagoda,whichwasn’treallythattallwhenseenonlevelground.Viewedatthefootofthehill,however,itsureseemedlikealittleTowerofBabel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.erected

C.stood

D.squatted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prompted“促進(jìn)；激起”；B選項(xiàng)erected“使直立；豎立”；C選項(xiàng)stood“豎立著”；D選項(xiàng)squatted“蹲坐”。句意：荒山頂上……一座寶塔，從平地上看并不算高。然而，但是從山腳下看過去猶如一個(gè)小小通天塔。關(guān)鍵詞pagoda“寶塔”，意思是在山頂上有一座寶塔，其中的動(dòng)詞還可以替換為矗立著，豎立著進(jìn)行替換。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingarewoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanim-age-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestot,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotex-tiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecora-tionandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess:first,theartisttakesalockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthenrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Theoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppaperei-therbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyintheiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theim-geisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Anim-pressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothattheaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheprod