考研考博-英語-延安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-延安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

SometimesindrawinganddesigningthesignX（）theunknownnumber.

問題1選項

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.denotes

D.jots

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。facilitate使容易，推動；fascinate使著迷，使神魂顛倒；denote指示，表

示；jot略記，摘要記錄下來。句意:有時候,在繪制和設(shè)計中,X（）未知的數(shù)字。因此,C選項符合句意。

2.單選題

OnJanuary1st,manypeoplemakeaNewYear（）.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.determination

C.dedication

D.resolution

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項intention“意向，意圖，目的”；B選項determination“決心，果斷（指自覺地正式表示的決心,含極強的主觀能動意味）”；C選項dedication“奉獻，獻身”；D選項resolution“決議，決心（側(cè)重堅定不移的頑強意志力）”。句意：在1月1日，許多人都許下新年_____。NewYearresolution是固定搭配，意為“新年愿望”，因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Julieisoneofthosewomenwhoalways（

）thelatestfashions.

問題1選項

A.lookafter

B.keepupwith

C.runfor

D.getonwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。lookafter意為“照顧”；keepupwith意為“跟上，對……消息靈通，保持接觸”；runfor意為“競選，趕快去請”；getonwith意為“繼續(xù)（干某事）”。

句意：朱莉是那些總是追求時髦的女性之一。

4.單選題

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Inaddition,thereisthedilemmaassociatedwithconvertingat0.72.Somefinancialinstitutionsmaybeunwillingtopaythisprice,feelingthattherublewillsinkmuchloweroverthenextweek.Asaresult,conversionmayfinallycomeat0.69.These“l(fā)osses”mustbeacceptedbythecompanyasoneofthecostsofdoingbusinessoverseas.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.InFrance,tardybusinesspeople

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,conversionrates

（

）.

4.Theintendedaudienceofthispassageare

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobediscussedinthenextparagraph?

問題1選項

A.HowtoSucceedinInternationalTrade

B.MonetaiyConversion

C.TradeBarriers

D.UniqueProblemsinInternationalTrade

問題2選項

A.areofteninsulted

B.oftensufferfromcoldness

C.areoftenleftoutdoorswaiting

D.areoftenaskedtopolishtheirshoes

問題3選項

A.arealwaysnotchanging

B.aredeterminedbyfinancialinstitutions

C.areagreeduponbytwotradingcountries

D.varyfromdaytoday

問題4選項

A.professorsofeconomics

B.postgraduatestudentsofinternationaltrade

C.beginnersofbusiness

D.businesspeople

問題5選項

A.Exporttradebarriers.

B.Quotasandtariffs.

C.Reasonsforimposingtradingbarriers.

D.Measurestobreakdowntradebarriers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段先指出“當(dāng)企業(yè)從事海外業(yè)務(wù)時通常都會接觸到來著不同文化的人”,后面分別從時間觀、貨幣兌換以及貿(mào)易壁壘三個方面舉例闡述并給出建議。故A項“如何在國際貿(mào)易中獲得成功”最適合做文章標題。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tardybusinesspeople定位至第二段:Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness(遲到的外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)人員通常會遭遇長吋間等候，這也是一種讓他們知道準吋的重要性的方法)。因此C項“通常需要在門外等候”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞conversionrates定位至第三段:Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday(匯率是由支持貨幣流通的市場情況決定的。因此，盡管匯率每天都會波動，但也會有一個既定的比率),故選C“每天都會變化”。

4.判斷推理題。文章主要討論的是海外貿(mào)易過程中可能遇到的因地區(qū)差異導(dǎo)致的問題,因此推測文章的目標受眾是“商業(yè)人士”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段講到了國際貿(mào)易中的第三個問題-貿(mào)易壁壘,最后一句指出:Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs(兩種最主要的進口壁壘就是配額與關(guān)稅),因此推測下一段將討論“配額與關(guān)稅”。

5.單選題

LibbyliedtoinvestigatorsabouthisroleindisclosingtheidentityofaCIAofficerinorderto_______theWhiteHousefrompoliticalembarrassment.

問題1選項

A.aviate

B.recover

C.berate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】aviate飛行；recover重新獲得，恢復(fù)；berate嚴責(zé)，申斥；insulate使絕緣，隔離。句意：在揭露一名中情局官員的身份時，利比向調(diào)查人員隱瞞了自己的任務(wù)，目的是讓白宮不會陷人政治困境。選項D符合句意。

6.翻譯題

隨著我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和城市化水平的提高,未來的能源消費狀況及由此帶來的環(huán)境污染問題日益受到人們的關(guān)注。本文簡要回顧了1980年以來我國能源消費狀況并分析了相應(yīng)的環(huán)境問題，對我國未來能源狀況及可能帶來的環(huán)境影響設(shè)置了3種情景進行了預(yù)測和分析，得出我國今后因能源消費的SO2，NOx，CO2和煙塵等排放量依然很高，但不同情景的預(yù)測結(jié)果有較大區(qū)別，并提出通過提高能源效率以及加強清潔、可再生能源的開發(fā)利用來解決能源消費帶來的環(huán)境問題。

【答案】WiththedevelopmentofChina'seconomyandtheimprovementofthelevelofurbanization,thefutureenergyconsumptionsituationandtheresultingenvironmentalpollutionproblemsareincreasinglyconcernedbypeople.ThispaperbrieflyreviewstheenergyconsumptionstatusinChinasince1980andanalyzesthecorrespondingenvironmentalproblems,thefutureofourcountryenergysituationandtheenvironmentalimpactofsetupthreekindsofsituationhascarriedontheforecastandanalysis,itisconcludedthatthefutureduetotheenergyconsumptionofSO2,NOxandCO2andsootemissionsisstillhigh,butdifferentscenariospredictedresultshavegreatdifferences,andputforwardbyimprovingenergyefficiency,andstrengthenthedevelopmentandutilizationofcleanandrenewableenergytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyenergyconsumption.

7.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewritingtheobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostoppingnogoingback.Nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（

）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（

）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（

）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

問題1選項

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

問題2選項

A.puttingtheiridealinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

問題3選項

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials.

問題4選項

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchlimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

問題5選項

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章的第二段論最后一句Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis在應(yīng)用這二種思維時，必須首先使用創(chuàng)造性思維，而后再使用批判性思維，意思就是二者不可同時使用。D選項‘—個人不能同時運用這二種思維’與之相符，所以正確。A選項‘一個人身上不同時具備這二種思維能力’與作者討論的‘先運用創(chuàng)造思維、后運用批判思維的問題，那么一個人肯定是具有這兩種思維能力的’的觀點不符，排除。B選項‘二者的重要性不可等量齊觀’，文章并未對二者孰重孰輕做出評判，而只是討論了先后問題。所以排除。C選項‘二者始終處于與對方斗爭沖突的狀態(tài)’，文章表明只有當(dāng)人們想同時使用二者時，才會發(fā)生沖突，如果一前一后使用則不會。所以并不能說始終處于沖突狀態(tài)，所以排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段開頭ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”指出了寫作時的壞習(xí)慣是嘗試修改（edit），而解決辦法則是freewriting。所以B選項‘在寫作時試圖進行修改‘與文章說法一致，所以B選項正確。

3.題目問寫作第一個步驟的主要目標是什么。從某種角度來看，文章論述的其實就寫作的順序問題。文章前半部分分析了創(chuàng)造性思維與批評性思維的關(guān)系，推出了必須先運用創(chuàng)造性思維記下想法，而后再運用批判性思維進行修改的觀點（Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis）。后半部分對如何運用創(chuàng)造性思維和批判性思維進行了具體描述。那么根據(jù)文意，寫作的第一步就是運用創(chuàng)造性思維把觀點記下來，記下來的方法就是freewriting，即想到哪里就記到哪里。A選項‘把想法有邏輯性地組織起來’，而要做到“有邏輯性地”組織，顯然應(yīng)是進行了修改，不符合想到哪里就記到哪里，所以A選項排除。B選項‘選擇一個適當(dāng)?shù)念}目’，全文沒有提到選擇題目問題，排除。C選項‘記下想法’，正確。D選項‘收集原始材料’文章沒有提到材料收集問題，排除。

4.題目問作家們進行“自由寫作”時遇到的共同問題是什么。根據(jù)第四段youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.寫作者必須和時間賽跑，才能在時間用完時將文章修改完畢。因此，作家們的共同問題應(yīng)該是修改時間過緊。A選項‘它過于強調(diào)創(chuàng)造思維‘排除。B選項’用來修改的時間過多‘正確。C選項’它會引來太多的批評‘排除。D選項’自由寫作不能幫助作家清楚地思考‘排除。

5.題目問批判性思維在作家的寫作過程中起到了什么作用。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.指出在獲得前期資料后，即是運用批判性思維的時候。再根據(jù)下一段整段對如何運用批判性思維進行了描述，從中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)批判性思維的主要作用是對文章草稿進行修改、精煉。A選項‘它使文章更加成形。也就是對文章草稿進行修改、精煉的意思，符合最后一段對批判思維的描述，正確。B選項‘它能使作家產(chǎn)生新的想法。根據(jù)文意，批判思維是對現(xiàn)有想法的修改，不會產(chǎn)生新的想法，排除。C選項’它可以節(jié)省作者的寫作時間‘。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到thiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhave,意思是在運用批判思維前很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)時間不夠用，再從“Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime’，這最后一句話可以看出，即便運用批判性思維，還是把所有的時間都用光了。因此并沒有節(jié)省時間，排除。D選項’它可使作者坐下來審視文章‘。坐下來審視文章的意思就是運用批判性思維本身，不能說本身會對本身起到什么作用，排除。

8.單選題

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudied.

Inconductingresearchoncultureandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinanemicfashion,theirconcernisonlythatthequestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach,theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudytheresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-class,Whitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,BlackAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore

（

）.

4.Theeticapproachisconcernedwith

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S.accordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfi.ilmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

問題2選項

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues.

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

問題3選項

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

問題4選項

A.thegeneralcharacteristicsofminorityfamilies

B.culture-relatedconceptsofindividualethnicgroups

C.featuressharedbyvariousculturesorethnicgroups

D.theeconomicconditionsofdifferenttypesoffamilies

問題5選項

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon’tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章一段第一句“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施，以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來的任何偏見?！笨芍芯咳藛T很容易帶著文化偏見（從自己的文化角度）去研究其他文化。B選項“從他們自己的文化角度來看待（其他文化）”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。theemicapproachandtheeticapproach“主位法和非位法”出現(xiàn)在第二段中，“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandwittothePeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位方法中，研究者的目標是描述一個文化或種族群體的行為，這個行為明確對那個文化或種族群體的人來說是有意義的或智慧的，而不考慮其他文化或種族群體。在非遺傳方法中，研究者的目標是描述行為，以便對不同文化群里中的行為進行歸納?！币簿褪钦f，這兩種方法的區(qū)別在于側(cè)重點不同，因此，A選項“他們對民族問題的研究重點不同”正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。由上題分析可知，theemicapproach專注于對特定文化群體的行為進行描述，因此D選項“文化特異性”正確。A選項“文化互動性”；B選項“文化導(dǎo)向性”；C選項“文化偏見性”。

4.事實細節(jié)題。由27題分析可知，theeticapproach專注于比對不同文化群體的行為特征，因此C選項“不同文化或民族的共同特征”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Instudyinginethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.通過對少數(shù)民族家庭的研究，研究人員可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，與美國白人家庭相比，少數(shù)民族家庭的大家庭更是一個支持系統(tǒng)?！币虼?，比起白人家庭，少數(shù)民族家庭成員間的聯(lián)系應(yīng)更為緊密。因此D選項“他們的家庭關(guān)系比白人家庭更緊密”符合題意。

9.單選題

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You’redumb,”“You’relazy,”and“You’redishonest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou’regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance,sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

51.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if______.

52.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means______.

53.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

54.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.

55.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

問題1選項

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirword

問題2選項

A.I’mjustcallingyourattention

B.I’mjustkidding

C.I’mjustsayingtheopposite

D.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound

問題3選項

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

問題4選項

A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness

B.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehavior

C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence

D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges

問題5選項

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】51.推理判斷題。題干意思是“兩個交談伙伴之間的有效溝通是可能的，如果……”。第一段第二句指出Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.（言語確實提供了一些信息，但含義來源于如此多的其他來源，因此過分依賴言語會阻礙我們作為一段關(guān)系中的伙伴來獲取信息的有效性）可推理，如果想要獲得有效交流，我們必須根據(jù)溝通中的言語來聯(lián)想其暗藏的含義，所以D項“他們能夠通過自己的言語來聯(lián)想意思”符合題意。A項“他們使用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語來表達他們的思想”，文中提到了詞語的含義來源于很多其他來源，我們需要聯(lián)想詞語的含義，A項錯誤；B項“他們都真誠地說出了自己的感受”，文中說的是他們的言語有其他的含義，我們要想有效交流就要明白其含義，而不是說把感受表達出來，B與原文不符；C項“他們嘗試理解彼此的言外之意”為干擾項，文中表達的是人們在交談中不要過分依賴說出來的話，而要聯(lián)想其中的含義，并不是交流中都要理解其言外之意，C項過度推理。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

52.細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段的‘I’mlettingoffsomesteam’是什么意思”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段第六句Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”（有時候我們的話除了“我在發(fā)泄情緒；我不是真正的想要你留意我說的話；只要留意我的感受”之外，沒有別的意思）可推理，I’mlettingoffsomesteam這一句是引起注意的意思；所以A項“我只是想引起你的注意”正確。B項“我只是開玩笑”、C項“我只是說相反的”和D項“我只是發(fā)出一些聲音”都不能準確表達其含義。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

53.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“房屋所有人的例子表明，他實際上的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干可定位到第一段，文中提到Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”（事實上，這個臺階多年來不是這樣的，但不言而喻的信息是：“我不想解決它，我們?nèi)淌芰怂?，為什么你不能？”），由此可知，房屋所有人實際上的意思是他不想修理臺階，所以B項“他認為沒有必要修理臺階”正確。A項“這個臺階像那樣已經(jīng)很多年了”，原文提到了“實際上，這個臺階多年來不是這樣的”，所以A項錯誤；C項“這個臺階的情況只是一個小缺陷”不是最終表達的含義；D項“修理的費用應(yīng)該被分擔(dān)”不符合內(nèi)藏的含義。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

54.細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“有些反應(yīng)和行為可能看起來非常不合邏輯，但如果……，是合理的”。根據(jù)第二段第五句Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.（一個朋友的異常溫順的行為，也許只能通過注意到它是以需要異常自信的情境為前提才能被理解）和第六句Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.（有些反應(yīng)可能直接與反應(yīng)的發(fā)展模式有關(guān)，而且不符合邏輯）可推斷，如果要理解有些反應(yīng)和行為，那么就需要注意到之前發(fā)生的事件的情況，所以C項“作為有序的續(xù)發(fā)事件的一部分”符合題意。A項“與一定反常程度的自信有關(guān)”，表述不夠全面；B項“被視為一個人的習(xí)慣性行為模式”，文中沒有提到習(xí)慣性行為；D項“表達了一系列指控”在文中只是舉例說明，D項不選。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

55.語義推測題。題干意思是“最后一段的單詞‘ritualistically’相當(dāng)于做某件事情……”。這個詞的出處在第三段Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.（“你能來真是太好了”這句話可以用強調(diào)、興奮或ritualistically方式說），我們可以用排除法，句子中已經(jīng)提到了“強調(diào)”，A項“沒有真實意圖”、D項“以更少的強調(diào)”可以排除；ritualistically是副詞，ritual是它的名詞，表示“儀式”，那么可以猜測ritualistically表示“儀式地”，所以，C項“以一種儀式的方式”正確，B項“自由自在地”錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Childrenare____tobenoisywhiletheyareplaying.

問題1選項

A.easy

B.liable

C.likely

D.apt

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.easy容易的B.liable可能的

C.likely可能的D.apt易于……；有……傾向的

【答案】D

【考查點】近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“當(dāng)孩子們在玩耍的時候，他們____吵鬧的?！盌選項apt“易于……；有……傾向的”，apttobenoisy指的是有吵吵鬧鬧的自然傾向，表達的是孩子們在玩耍的時候常常是吵鬧的一種自然傾向或狀態(tài)，D選項語義最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項排除】

A選項easy“容易的”，代入語境指孩子們玩耍的時候吵鬧起來很容易，一點都不難，表達的是難易程度，語義沒有D選項恰當(dāng)；

B選項liable“可能的”，代入語境指孩子們玩耍的時候可能是吵鬧的，表達的是一種可能性，語義沒有D選項恰當(dāng)；

C選項likely“可能的”，代入語境指孩子們玩耍的時候可能是吵鬧的，表達的是一種可能性，語義沒有D選項恰當(dāng)。

【句意】孩子們玩耍的時候往往很吵鬧。

11.單選題

VisitorstoIndiaareoftensurprisedtofindthatTajMahalisanalmost（

）topicofconversation.

問題1選項

A.inexhausted

B.inexhaustible

C.inexhaustive

D.inexhausting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A、D選項單詞不存在，B選項inexhaustible“用不完的”；C選項inexhaustive“不詳盡的、不徹底的”。句意為：到印度的旅行者通常都會驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)泰姬陵幾乎是一個談?wù)摬煌甑脑掝}，B選項符合題意，故答案選B。

12.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問題2