考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北電力大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東北電力大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sincethe1970s,thesafetyofathleticequipmenthasbeenmonitoredbytheNationalOperatingCommitteeonStandardsforAthleticEquipment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regulated

B.advocated

C.recalled

D.supervised

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。monitor表示“監(jiān)控”；A項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，規(guī)定，控制”，B項(xiàng)advocate“提倡，擁護(hù)，為……辯護(hù)”，C項(xiàng)recall“召回，回想起，記起”，D項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督，管理，指導(dǎo)”。句意：自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，運(yùn)動(dòng)器材的安全一直受到國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)器材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)行委員會(huì)的監(jiān)控。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendto“compartmentalize”friendships,having“friendsatwork”,“friendsonthesoftballteam”,“familyfriends”,etc.

BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything“American”inwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfatthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,forexample,thandealwithsilence.

Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.

41.Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

43.Thephrase“highlycharged”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

44.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat______.

45.Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanculture

B.Americansociety

C.Americans’personality

D.Americans’activities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.

B.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual.

C.Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople.

D.Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.extremelyfree

B.highlyresponsible

C.fullofmobilityandchange

D.verycheerful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivities

B.Americans,characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironment

C.Americansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilence

D.curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyarenotinterestedinothercountries

B.theyaretooproudofthemselves

C.theircountrydoesnothavemanyneighboringnations

D.theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“這篇文章的主題是什么？”。根據(jù)文章首段Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“‘‘friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（美國(guó)人通常認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)友好的民族。然而，與其他文化背景的人相比，他們的友誼往往更短，也更隨意。美國(guó)人一生中只有一個(gè)親密的朋友，并認(rèn)為其他“朋友”只是社會(huì)上的熟人，這是很常見的。這種態(tài)度可能與美國(guó)人的流動(dòng)性以及美國(guó)人不喜歡依賴他人這一事實(shí)有關(guān)。）可知，這篇文章主要討論的是美國(guó)人性格方面的內(nèi)容；所以C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人的性格”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)文化”，B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)社會(huì)”和D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人的活動(dòng)”都只是在文中提及過幾句而已，不足以代表全文的主旨。因此該題選C。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述是不正確的？”。A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)際事務(wù)很了解”，文章末段提到Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.（另一方面，不要期望美國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)際地理或世界事務(wù)了如指掌，除非這些問題直接涉及美國(guó)。），由此可知，美國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)際事務(wù)不是很了解，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人之間的友誼往往是隨意的”，根據(jù)第一段第二句Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.（然而，與其他文化背景的人相比，他們的友誼往往更短，也更隨意）可知B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人不喜歡依賴別人”，第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（這種態(tài)度可能與美國(guó)人的流動(dòng)性以及美國(guó)人不喜歡依賴他人這一事實(shí)有關(guān)），由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人似乎總是忙個(gè)不?！保鶕?jù)第二段第二句Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.（在這種高度緊張的氣氛中，美國(guó)人有時(shí)會(huì)顯得粗魯或不耐煩）和第三句Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.（他們想盡快了解你，然后再去做其他的事情）可知，美國(guó)人總是忙碌的，所以會(huì)盡快了解一個(gè)人然后再去做其他的事情。D項(xiàng)正確。因此該題選A。

43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干的意思是“第二段的短語(yǔ)’highlycharged’最有可能是什么意思？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文中第二段；上文指出BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.（因?yàn)槊绹?guó)是一個(gè)高度活躍的社會(huì)，充滿了運(yùn)動(dòng)和變化，人們似乎總是在前進(jìn)），由此可知，下文的highlycharged指的是上文中的fullofmovementandchange，所以C項(xiàng)“充滿流動(dòng)性和變化”正確。A項(xiàng)“極度自由”，B項(xiàng)“高度負(fù)責(zé)”和D項(xiàng)“其樂融融”都不符合。因此該題選C。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“從文章可以推斷出……”。文章最后一段指出Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.（另一方面，不要期望美國(guó)人對(duì)國(guó)際地理或世界事務(wù)了如指掌，除非這些問題直接涉及美國(guó)。由于美國(guó)周圍沒有許多其他國(guó)家，一些美國(guó)人傾向于忽視世界其他地區(qū)。），由此可推斷出美國(guó)這種對(duì)世界其他的事情不關(guān)心態(tài)度的性格可能是由于它的地理位置所致，因?yàn)樗車]有其他的國(guó)家包圍；所以B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人的性格受到社會(huì)和地理環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人希望參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)”文中沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)沉默”，第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.（這沒關(guān)系，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人往往會(huì)對(duì)交談中的沉默感到不舒服）可知，美國(guó)人不是不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)沉默而是他們會(huì)感到不舒服，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“好奇心是美國(guó)人的特點(diǎn)”，第二段第四句提到thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter（這些問題通常是出于他們真正的興趣或好奇，以及他們沒有耐心去了解問題的核心），這里提到美國(guó)人的好奇不是描述美國(guó)人好奇的特點(diǎn)，而是解釋美國(guó)人不耐煩的原因，D項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選B。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，美國(guó)人傾向于忽視世界其他地區(qū)，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)文章最后一句BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.（由于美國(guó)周圍沒有許多其他國(guó)家，一些美國(guó)人傾向于忽視世界其他地區(qū)）可知，美國(guó)人傾向于忽視世界其他地區(qū)是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)周圍沒有許多其他國(guó)家，所以C項(xiàng)“他們的國(guó)家沒有許多鄰國(guó)”正確。A項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)其他國(guó)家不感興趣”文章沒有提到美國(guó)人對(duì)其他國(guó)家不感興趣；B項(xiàng)“他們太過驕傲”文中也未提及；D項(xiàng)“他們太忙以至于沒有時(shí)間去了解其他國(guó)家”，這是他們會(huì)顯得粗魯或不耐煩的原因，不是沒時(shí)間去了解其他國(guó)家的原因。因此該題選C。

3.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列舉了除了______以外的女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者可能遇到的困難。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問題

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在獲得政府援助方面的問題

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“……消費(fèi)者歧視個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的女性。此外，自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視?！保瑥闹锌芍?，女性個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者會(huì)碰到困難包括消費(fèi)者、供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視，以及更難找到好員工，只有D項(xiàng)“在獲得政府援助方面的問題”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“來(lái)自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視”、B項(xiàng)“來(lái)自金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”和C項(xiàng)“獲得優(yōu)秀員工的問題”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.關(guān)于私人雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視，下列哪個(gè)結(jié)論作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)婦女的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的第三和第四句“歧視程度的不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致與雇主類型有關(guān)的收入差異。根據(jù)政府和私人雇主的性質(zhì)來(lái)看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視?！笨芍?，政府和私人雇主都有歧視，但是私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大，所以作者更有可能同意B項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但私人雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”的結(jié)論。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇主和政府雇主對(duì)女性的歧視都對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生了相同的影響”根據(jù)第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧視，與女性在私營(yíng)企業(yè)就業(yè)所得相比，政府就業(yè)將對(duì)女性的收入產(chǎn)生積極的影響”可知，政府雇主和私營(yíng)雇主對(duì)女性的收入有不同的影響，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧視，但政府雇主的歧視對(duì)女性的收入影響更大”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主也有可能歧視”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都會(huì)歧視，該項(xiàng)中的possible與原文不符合，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一項(xiàng)對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)踐的研究表明，對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒有歧視，這往往與______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究結(jié)果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建議

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.?？怂沟募僭O(shè)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“從布朗的研究結(jié)果可以推斷出……自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性可能比男性更難找到好員工，并可能遭遇供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視”可知，布朗的研究結(jié)果表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)歧視女性自營(yíng)者，這與金融機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)于對(duì)女性自營(yíng)者沒有歧視的實(shí)踐的研究相矛盾。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“?？怂沟囊恍┏醪窖芯拷Y(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“?？怂沟募僭O(shè)”沒有提到金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)女性的歧視，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“作者提出的建議”文中沒有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根據(jù)布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的順序排列，分別是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇傭，私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“對(duì)于男性來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)是收入最高的行業(yè)，其次是私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭最低。對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)順序是相反的?！?，從中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的順序與男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇傭，私人雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，私營(yíng)雇傭”、C項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)，政府雇傭”和D項(xiàng)“私營(yíng)雇傭，政府雇傭，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

4.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來(lái)的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長(zhǎng)率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）也就是說(shuō)生物多樣性的減少是由于個(gè)體家庭數(shù)量的激增，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“人類正在威脅許多野生動(dòng)物”；文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“近年來(lái)人口一直在減少”，不是原因；D選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物依賴更多的個(gè)體家庭”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

57.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在規(guī)模更大的家庭中，資源消耗的效率會(huì)高得多，因?yàn)楦嗟娜朔窒頄|西。）因此A選項(xiàng)“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”；C選項(xiàng)“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項(xiàng)“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒有提到的。

58.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)得更快，從而對(duì)竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）可知，小規(guī)模家庭的增多，意味著對(duì)自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多，生物的多樣性就會(huì)減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體家庭的增加導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬唤橐獗Ｗo(hù)自然環(huán)境”，并沒有體現(xiàn)；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)該進(jìn)一步控制人口的增長(zhǎng)”，過度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘脑黾訉?dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小規(guī)模家庭的增多，錯(cuò)誤。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段最后一句話Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（環(huán)保人士聲稱，地球上四分之一到一半的物種可能在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。）通過這句話可知，人口的增多，將導(dǎo)致更多的生物物種在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。因此D選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)將有更多的野生物種滅絕”正確。A選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)人們生活水平的下降”；B選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)生活環(huán)境的惡化”以及C選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)更多野生物種的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意題。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來(lái)的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長(zhǎng)率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長(zhǎng)得更快，從而對(duì)竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）都可以得知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小規(guī)模家庭的增多，勢(shì)必會(huì)消耗更多的能源，破壞更多的生態(tài)平衡，也就導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少，因此C選項(xiàng)“地球的生物多樣性也與家庭的數(shù)量有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了對(duì)自然世界更多的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物數(shù)量的減少是由于自然界生物多樣性的減少”以及“地球的生物多樣性依賴于大大小小的家庭的平衡增長(zhǎng)”，都不能闡釋文章的主題。

5.單選題

Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher（）againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resentment

B.rivalry

C.compulsion

D.concession

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。resentment怨恨，憤恨；rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)抗；compulsion強(qiáng)制，強(qiáng)迫；concession讓步。句意：多年來(lái)，這個(gè)女孩一直對(duì)她的繼母心懷怨恨。今天，她終于鼓起勇氣說(shuō)了出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Althoughtheintellectualandartisticachievementsofthisancientcivilizationwere,evenbymodemstandards,extraordinarily（

）,itsleveloftechnicalandmechanical

developmentwasbynomeans（

）tothatofmodemtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primitive...superior

B.parable

C.primeval...equivalent

D.influential...subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，非常的”；superior“出眾的，優(yōu)秀的”;B選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，精致的”;comparable“可比的”;C選項(xiàng)primeval^原始的”；equivalent

“等價(jià)的”；D選項(xiàng)influential“有影響力的”;subordinate“次要的，從屬的”。根據(jù)句意‘雖然這個(gè)古代文明的知識(shí)和藝術(shù)成就即使按現(xiàn)代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也相當(dāng)有影響力，但是它的技術(shù)和機(jī)械的發(fā)展絕不遜色于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)?！疍選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【參考譯文】在眾多的假日中，感恩節(jié)可以說(shuō)是最令人深思的節(jié)日。今天我們會(huì)把平時(shí)習(xí)以為常的東面看得很珍貴。我們?cè)囍?，哪怕只是在吃飯前的片刻，去看透那一成不變的生活，悟出背后的道理。換句話說(shuō)，無(wú)論我們覺得自己是貧是富，我們總是盡力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多數(shù)美國(guó)人有意識(shí)地把欲望放在一邊的為數(shù)不多的時(shí)刻之一，這至少是因?yàn)榻裉煳覀冇幸活w感恩的心，更不用說(shuō)還有一桌豐盛的菜肴，欲望此時(shí)光臨便顯得格格不入。

人們不禁會(huì)覺得，除了賓客不同，菜式翻新，感恩節(jié)還是年年依舊。其實(shí)不然，感恩節(jié)這一餐總是關(guān)乎到我們的處境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩節(jié)我們心情愉悅，幾乎是喜氣洋洋，但有些年頭我們卻把感恩節(jié)過得相當(dāng)?shù)驼{(diào)，不敢驕傲，這并不是美國(guó)人慣有的情緒。

那么今年呢？日后若想起今年這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，我們也許會(huì)記得，這一餐吃得五味雜陳，這畢竟是一個(gè)深具美國(guó)特色的節(jié)慶之日。但一切如舊的現(xiàn)狀對(duì)美國(guó)人造成的影響在今年似乎特別大，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的陰影，對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂，一直盤踞在我們?cè)S多人的腦海中。感恩節(jié)我們一般與至親好友在一起，感受那種其樂融融的氣氛，可是今年，我們似乎要借感恩節(jié)與國(guó)人一起重溫身為美國(guó)人的意義。

這就意味著，我們要為能有一些基本的原則而感恩，一些這個(gè)國(guó)家的生活中每日應(yīng)該尊崇的原則，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原則。所以這一餐應(yīng)該是來(lái)者不拒。我們感受的節(jié)日溫馨，只有與他人分享才有意義。

8.單選題

Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionto（

）initsbody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precede

B.proceed

C.progress

D.practice

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從太陽(yáng)獲取的能量能在夜間被用來(lái)使必要的化學(xué)反應(yīng)在體內(nèi)進(jìn)行。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Precede領(lǐng)先，在……之前;proceed開始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,發(fā)生;progress前進(jìn),進(jìn)步;practice練習(xí),實(shí)習(xí),實(shí)行。故B符合句意。

9.單選題

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日內(nèi)瓦公約”。

10.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.bymeansof

C.inregardto

D.inlinewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)。intermsof“依據(jù)，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”；inregardto“關(guān)于”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處后面的內(nèi)容是做方式狀語(yǔ)，因此從A與B選項(xiàng)中選，根據(jù)兩個(gè)詞組的意思，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery____forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)hostile“敵對(duì)的；懷有敵意的”；B選項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的；急切的”；C選項(xiàng)tedious“沉悶的，無(wú)聊的”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“模糊的，不清楚的”。句意：對(duì)于19世紀(jì)工廠的工人來(lái)說(shuō)，每周工作80個(gè)小時(shí)，沒有什么樂趣，這種生活一定很____。從沒有l(wèi)ittleenjoyment“沒什么樂趣”可以看出，這種生活很無(wú)聊，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

12.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hiswifehasjustpassedaway.

B.Hiswifeisunconscious.

C.Hesuffersfromshortnessofbreath.

D.Hesuffersfromdepression.

【答案】B

【解析】1.M:Ineedadoctorrightnow.

W:Tellmetheproblem,sir.

M:Mywifejustpassedout.

W:Sir,It’sdifficulttounderstandyou.Pleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.

Q:Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男子為什么打這通電話？由文中“Mywifejustpassedout.（我妻子暈過去了）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Hiswifeisunconscious.（他的妻子失去意識(shí)了）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“我的妻子剛剛?cè)ナ懒恕?；C選項(xiàng)“他呼吸急促”；D選項(xiàng)“他患有抑郁癥”不符合原文。

13.單選題

AfterscrutinizingtheSternHitlerDiaries,handwritingexpertsproclaimedthemtobeforgeries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examining

B.judging

C.protracting

D.detecting

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過……《希特勒日記》，字跡專家宣布這些日記是偽造的。examine“（仔細(xì)地）檢查”；judge“判斷”；protract“延長(zhǎng)；繪制”；detect“發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺”。字跡專家只有通過認(rèn)真檢查才能知曉這個(gè)日記是偽造的，因此可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞scrutinize的意思是“詳細(xì)檢查”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponou