考研考博-英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)南廣學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國傳媒大學(xué)南廣學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

IwishI（）toswimwhenI（）younger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wastaught…h(huán)adbeen

B.weretaught…h(huán)adbeen

C.hadbeentaught…h(huán)adbeen

D.hadbeentaught…was

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wish+賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。本句表達(dá)的是對(duì)過去的虛擬。句子應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，hadbeentaught，故排除A、B選項(xiàng)。時(shí)間狀語說的是過去年輕的時(shí)候，所以要用過去時(shí):was。句意：我希望在我年輕的時(shí)候?qū)W了游泳。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。

2.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家聲稱，利他主義與經(jīng)濟(jì)理性背道而馳，因?yàn)楹笳呒俣ㄈ藗冃袨樽运健?/p>

37.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)模型假設(shè)，利己主義者之所以表現(xiàn)出利他行為，是因?yàn)樗麄儚闹蝎@得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。

38.社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護(hù)同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務(wù)是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務(wù)有時(shí)包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務(wù)，但是公共義務(wù)不一定意味著義務(wù)。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責(zé)任和提供服務(wù)，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這些行為就會(huì)一點(diǎn)一滴、層層遞進(jìn)地建構(gòu)自我約束下的自由國家。

3.單選題

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；performance“性能，績效”；proficiency“精通，熟練”；progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。句意：一個(gè)艱苦的改造過程帶來了新的核心課程，旨在幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展全球意識(shí)，提升他們的分析和推理能力，提高批判性閱讀和寫作的熟練程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.翻譯題

一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力帶動(dòng)其商業(yè)實(shí)力。20世紀(jì)20年代，英國公司擁有全世界直接海外投資40%的股份份額。而到了1967年，美國以50%的份額成為全球領(lǐng)頭羊。這些數(shù)據(jù)的背后體現(xiàn)出的是文化的變革。英國人將電報(bào)和鐵路傳播到拉丁美洲，而美國公司則通過電影和廣告將美好生活的理念兜售到世界各地。凱洛格（Kellogg）改變富人們的早餐習(xí)慣，柯達(dá)（Kodak）則幫助人們留住了假日的美好回憶。正如我們?cè)诒局艿奶貏e報(bào)告中所述，下一次企業(yè)的革命正發(fā)生在亞洲，它將改變整個(gè)世界的生活方式。

【答案】Acountry’seconomicstrengthdrivesitscommercialstrength.Inthe1920s,Britishcompaniesowned40%oftheworld’ssharesindirectoverseasinvestment,butin1967,theUnitedStates,witha50%share,becametheworld’sleader.Behindthesefiguresliesaculturalchange.TheBritishbroughtthetelegraphandrailwaystoLatinAmerica,andAmericancompaniessoldtheirideaoflivingagoodlifetotherestoftheworldviafilmsandadvertisements.Kelloggchangedtherich’shabitofhavingbreakfast,andKodakhelpedkeepholidaymemoriesalive.Asourspecialreportthisweekargues,thenextcorporaterevolutionistakingplaceinAsia,anditwillchangethelifestyleofthewholeworld.

5.單選題

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣本”；C選項(xiàng)maximum“最大限度”；D選項(xiàng)document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究貢貝國家公園里的黑猩猩，是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目。這讓她和黑猩猩們成為活生生的______，并獲得了世界各地的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位、博士學(xué)位和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目，超出了人們的想象，A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theletterwasperemptoryintone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.temperate

B.moderate

C.arbitrary

D.percussive

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.temperate氣候溫和的；心平氣和的B.moderate溫和的，適度的

C.arbitrary任意的；專橫的，專制的D.percussive打擊聲的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線單詞peremptory表示“強(qiáng)制的，絕對(duì)的，專橫的”，C選項(xiàng)含義最為接近。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞意思不符合。

【句意】這封信語氣堅(jiān)決。

7.單選題

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause（

）.

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鳥類遷徙的主要原因是為了獲取食物和躲避不利的氣候，并舉了昆蟲的例子來說明食物對(duì)鳥類的遷徙有重大作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鳥類的大腦里有磁體，所以它們可以感應(yīng)南極跟北極的磁極磁場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了關(guān)于信鴿的實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要說明了磁性在遷徙過程中起到了重要的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges，排除選項(xiàng)A；第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除選項(xiàng)B；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章第五段第二句electronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom，排除選項(xiàng)D；第五段第三句Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother，排除選項(xiàng)C；第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight，排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsoftensentences.EachsentencehasfourpartsunderlinedandlabeledA,B,CandD.IdentifytheonechoicethatisnotacceptedinstandardEnglishandmarkyourchoicebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

21.Afew[A]naturallyelementsexistinsuchsmall[B]amountsthattheyareknown[C]mainlyfromlaboratory-made[D]samples.

22.[A]Tostaywarmincoldweather,cold-bloodedanimalsmustexpose[B]itselfto[C]asourceofwarmthsuchas[D]directsunlight.

23.Asevereillness[A]whereshewas[B]justnineteenmonthsold[C]deprivedHelenKeller[D]ofbothhersightandhearing.

24.In[A]thewild,teaplantsbecome[B]treesof[C]approximatelythirtyfeetin[D]high.

25.Formanycenturies,sailors[A]reliedonechoes[B]towarnthemof[C]anotherships,icebergs,orcliffsin[D]foggyweather.

26.[A]Itisthe[B]interactionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlives,[C]thatarethemainfocusof[D]socialpsychology.

27.Itistruethat[A]therotationoftheEarth[B]onitsaxisisresponsible[C]withthealternationofperiods[D]oflightanddarkness.

28.Oneofthemostdifficult[A]questions[B]indefiningsleep[C]is“What[D]isthefunctionsofsleep?”

29.Seven[A]ofplanetsrotateinthesamedirection[B]astheirorbitalmotions,[C]whileVenusandUranusrotateinthe[D]oppositedirection.

30.Thetongueis[A]capableofmany[B]motionsandconfigurationsandplays[C]avitalroleinchewing,[D]swallowed,andspeaking.

【答案】21.A

22.B

23.A

24.D

25.C

26.C

27.C

28.D

29.A

30.D

【解析】21.考查形容詞和副詞的運(yùn)用。將naturally改為natural；后面的elements“要素”為名詞。記憶點(diǎn)：形容詞修飾名詞，副詞大多用來修飾動(dòng)詞。

22.考查代詞的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。將itself改成themselves；句中指代的對(duì)象是animals，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代詞也同樣需要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

23.考查從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用。將where改成when；后面的shewasjustnineteenmonthsold，用來特定表示那個(gè)時(shí)間段，而時(shí)間狀語從句用when進(jìn)行連接引導(dǎo)。where主要表地點(diǎn)。

24.考查固定詞組搭配。將high改成height；“inheight”表示“在高度上”，是固定搭配。

25.考查代詞的搭配。將another改成other；因?yàn)楹竺娴膕hips是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而another后面接單數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)改為other。

26.考查主謂一致。將are改成is；整句的大體結(jié)構(gòu)為（It’s…that…）ratherthan作為插入語，不充當(dāng)居中主要成分，theinteractionbetweenpeople才是本句的主語，為單數(shù)，故從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)。

27.考查詞組的固定搭配。將with改成for；beresponsiblefor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”，為固定搭配。

28.考查主謂一致。將is改成are，主謂一致；oneof接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。后面的主語為questions，故此句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。

29.考查定冠詞的用法。在planets前添加the；在本句中的planets是特指太陽系中的九大行星，因此，需要加入定冠詞the。

30.考查連詞的一致性。將swallowed改成swallowing；句中playavitalrolein+動(dòng)名詞，and連接所有動(dòng)詞的使用形式需要一致。

9.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exploitaloophole

B.plugaloophole

C.findaloophole

D.usealoophole

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exploitaloophole“開發(fā)利用漏洞”；plugaloophole“堵塞漏洞”；findaloophole“發(fā)現(xiàn)漏洞”；usealoophole“使用漏洞”。句意：斯蒂芬先生提出了一個(gè)現(xiàn)行保釋法的修正案去填充一個(gè)漏洞，這個(gè)漏洞使得被保釋的人可以進(jìn)一步犯罪。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofquestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofthequestion

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)“毫無疑問，沒問題”；C選項(xiàng)“毫無疑問”；D選項(xiàng)“不可能，根本談不上”；B選項(xiàng)不是一個(gè)短語；根據(jù)句意‘在兩黨之間有了這樣的沖突后，和解是不可能的了’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour（

）viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distressing

B.optimistic

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。distressing意為“使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的”；optimistic意為“樂觀的，樂觀主義的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；pessimistic意為“悲觀的，厭世的”。

句意：鑒于剛剛傳來的悲慘消息，我恐怕你要你改變你樂觀的想法了。

12.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)species“物種”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣品，標(biāo)本”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜”；D選項(xiàng)sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動(dòng)物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loving意為“愛的，充滿愛的”；sentimental意為“傷感的”；affectionate意為“深情的，摯愛的”；intimate意為“親密的，親近的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”。

句意：所有的海上石油探險(xiǎn)家在讀家里寄來的充滿愛的信件時(shí)都興高采烈。

14.單選題

Iwishit（）stopraining.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.did

C.would

D.might

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。希望將來發(fā)生的事在wish后的賓語從句中用過去將來時(shí)。句意：我希望雨會(huì)停。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Becauseoftheexcellentpreservationofthefossil,anatomicaldetailsofearlyhorseshoecrabswere（

）forthefirsttime,enablingexpertsto（

）theevolutionofthehorseshoecrab.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrutinized...ensure

B.verified...advance

C.obscured...illustrate

D.clarified...reassess

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scrutinized“詳細(xì)檢查”；ensure“確認(rèn)，確?！?；B選項(xiàng)verified“核證，證”;advance“提出，預(yù)付，使……前進(jìn)，將……提前”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“遮蔽，掩蓋”；illustrate“說明”;D選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清”；reassess“再評(píng)價(jià)”。根據(jù)句意‘由于化石保存完好，早期的馬蹄蟹的解剖細(xì)節(jié)首次進(jìn)行了澄清，使得專家可以重新評(píng)估蟹的演變?！疍選項(xiàng)正確

16.單選題

Thisriverissobigthatitisimpossibletobuilda（）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。canal“運(yùn)河”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，航道”；cable“纜繩，電纜”。句意：這條河如此長以至于沒有現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的話，不可能去建一條地下隧道。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Aswepassedoverthedarkbridgeherwanfacefelllazilyagainstmycoat’sshoulder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.charming

B.cheerful

C.pale

D.uneasy

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.charming令人著迷的，迷人的B.cheerful快樂的，高興的

C.pale灰白的，蒼白的D.uneasy擔(dān)心的，憂慮的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】wan的意思為“蒼白無力的，無血色的”，這里形容她臉色蒼白，pale與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】當(dāng)我們走過漆黑的橋時(shí)，她蒼白的臉懶洋洋地貼在我的外套上。

18.單選題

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（）difficultforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)invariably“不變地”；B選項(xiàng)presumably“大概，推測(cè)起來”；C選項(xiàng)increasingly“越來越多地”；D選項(xiàng)dominantly“有統(tǒng)治權(quán)地”。句意：最近幾年里，國際形勢(shì)日益嚴(yán)峻。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意測(cè)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在開始顯示出一種不情愿的共識(shí)……即高失業(yè)率很可能會(huì)持續(xù)下去。這意味著我們必須設(shè)法更廣泛地分享現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)）從民意調(diào)查結(jié)果可知現(xiàn)在失業(yè)率很高，現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)只能滿足一小部分人口，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的四個(gè)問句（我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把就業(yè)視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？難道我們不應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)許多其他方式來尊重別人的工作嗎？我們是否應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件，讓很多人可以為自己工作，而不是為雇主工作？難道我們的目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該是重振家庭和社區(qū)，以及工廠和辦公室，作為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎？）可知我們應(yīng)該改變以前的工作觀念，被雇傭并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改變觀念的具體例子，并不能概括其中心觀點(diǎn)，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以為將來的工作提供更好的前景）可知與A選項(xiàng)“普遍就業(yè)實(shí)際上保證了繁榮”說法不符，工業(yè)時(shí)代只是提供一個(gè)好的工作機(jī)會(huì)，并不能保證繁榮；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如歷史所示，普遍就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)自由）可知B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)自由在每個(gè)人的掌握之中”說法不正確；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的變化可能會(huì)被保留）可知與D選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)工作的態(tài)度必須保留”不符，通過排除法，因此選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（隨著交通的改善……最終，許多人的工作失去了與他們的家庭生活和他們居住的地方的所有聯(lián)系）可知人們可以到離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的內(nèi)容為：這一切現(xiàn)在可能必須改變?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候把為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的烏托邦式目標(biāo)的努力和資源，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閹椭芏鄾]有全職工作的人進(jìn)行管理的緊迫的實(shí)際任務(wù)上來。烏托邦表示某些好的，但是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的（或幾乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的）建議、愿望、計(jì)劃等，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“為所有人創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)是不可能的”符合題意。

20.單選題

Alltheinvestorsinstocksmustbe（）totherisksinsuchinvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.realistic

B.alert

C.accessible

D.awake

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。realistic“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”；alert“警覺的”；accessible“易接近的”；awake“醒著的”。句意：所有股票投資者都必須當(dāng)心這種投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Tomwasn'thappyaboutthedelay,and（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iwasneither

B.Iwasn'tneither

C.neitherwasI

D.eitherwasI

【答案】C

【解析】句意：湯姆對(duì)耽擱很不高興，我也是。根據(jù)句意可知，前后表示同樣的情況，肯定用So+助動(dòng)詞+主語，否定用Neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

22.單選題

Youwillneverget______withallyourhomeworktonight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.away

C.through

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)on“在……上”，getonwith表示“在……獲得成功，與……友好相處”；B項(xiàng)away“離開”，getawaywith表示“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”；C項(xiàng)through“通過”，getthroughwith表示“完成，結(jié)束”；D項(xiàng)off“離開，脫掉”，getoffwith表示“結(jié)識(shí)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞allyourhomework“所有的家庭作業(yè)”可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：你今晚不可能完成所有的家庭作業(yè)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Sexandconnections:thesearenotthecriteriaonwhichscienceshouldbejudged,leastofallbyscientists.Butinthefirstextensiveanalysisofthewaythatfellowshipsinscienceareawarded,whichispublishedthisweekinNature,ChristineWennerasandAgnesWold,microbiologistsatGothenburgUniversity,inSweden,foundthatthesefactorsmatterasmuchas,ifnotmorethan,scientificmerit.

Peerreview,theevaluation(oftenanonymous)ofapieceofscientificworkbyotherscientistsinthesamefield,iscentraltothewayinwhichscienceproceeds.Journalsuseittohelpdecidewhethertopublishpapersandfundingagenciesuseitwhendecidingtowhomtoawardgrants.

Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldanalyzedthereviewsofthe114applicationsthattheSwedishMedicalResearchCouncilreceivedforthe20postdoctoralfellowshipsitofferedin1995.Oftheapplicants,46%werewomen,ofthesuccessfulrecipients,oftheawardsonly20%werewomen.

Inprinciple,ofcourse,thatmightreflecttheirabilities.Inpractice,otherfactorsseemtobeatwork.

Whenthecouncilgetsagrantapplication,itisevaluatedbyfivereviewers,onthreemeasures:scientificcompetence,theproposedmethodologyandtherelevanceoftheresearch.Eachmeasureisgivenascoreofbetweenzeroandfour;eachreviewer’sscoresaremultipliedtogether,givingasinglescorebetweenzeroand64;andfinally,thescoresfromthereviewersareaveragedtogether,givingthetotalscore.

Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldidentified,aftercarefulanalysis,twofactorsthatimprovedthescoressignificantly:beingmaleandknowingareviewer.Infact,thedifferencewassogreatthatinordertogetthesamecompetencescoreasaman,awomanwouldneedeithertoknowsomeoneonthecommitteeortohavepublishedthreemorepapersthanthemaninNatureorScience.Itisoftenjokedthatawomanhastobetwiceasgoodasamantodowell;Dr.WennerasandDr.Woldfoundthatshewouldneedtobe,onaverage,2.5timesasgoodontheirmeasurestoberatedashighlybyreviewers.Suchbeingthecase,ambitiouswomanwouldperhapsdowelltoreturntoatime-honoredbutsupposedlyobsoletetradition,andapplyunderamalename.

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatistheothermostimportantfactorbesidesexthatmayaffectpeerreviewscores?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbyusing“supposedly”inthelastsentence?

4.Thispieceofwritingismostlikely______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abusesinpeerreview

B.Favoritismingrantingfellowships

C.Acomparisonofmaleandfemalescientists

D.Sexdiscriminationinthescienceworld

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Connections

B.Publicationofpapersinmajorsciencejournals

C.Competenceoftheresearcher

D.Methodsusedbytheresearch

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnolongerfashionableforwomentowriteundermalenames.

B.Biasagainstwomenstillexiststoday.

C.Womentodayareonanequalfootingwithmen.

D.Nowadayswomendoaswellinscienceasmen.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anewsreport

B.aresearchpaper

C.alecture

D.anargument

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，由題干可以定位到文章第一段，性別本不是評(píng)判科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但這個(gè)因素與科學(xué)價(jià)值同等重要，甚至更重要。D