考研考博-英語(yǔ)-德陽(yáng)城市軌道交通職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-德陽(yáng)城市軌道交通職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Organizationalculturecanbedefinedasasystemofsharedbeliefsandvaluesthatdevelopswithinanorganizationand（）behaviorsofitsmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guides

B.indicates

C.controls

D.supervises

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：組織文化能夠被定義為一個(gè)共享信仰和價(jià)值觀且對(duì)組織發(fā)展有益、對(duì)組織成員的行動(dòng)具有指導(dǎo)意義的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.

Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.

Thisisalie.

Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多動(dòng)癥發(fā)病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.

Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.

Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.Itcouldnowbesoldtotheentirecountry.

ThisnewGoldRushattractedpeoplelikeRupertMurdoch,nototherwiseknownforhisconcernforAmericanpedagogy,whowouldgoontoinvestover$1billionintoed-techcompanycalledAmplify,withthestatedmissionofsellingeverystudentinAmericatheirproprietarytablet-foronly$199-alongwiththesoftwareandannuallicensingfees.

Amplifyhiredhundredsofvideogamedesignerstobuildeducationalvideogames-whiletheyandothertechentrepreneursattemptedtosellthenotionthatAmericanstudentsnolongerhadtheattentionspanfortraditionaleducation.Theirsolution:Educatetheminamorestimulatingand"engaging”manner.

Butlet'slookmorecloselyatthatclaim.ADHDrateshaveindeedexplodedby50percentoverthepast10yearswiththeU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)indicatingthatratescontinuetorisebyfivepercentperyear.YetmanyresearchersandneuroscientistsbelievethatthisADHDepidemicisadirectresultofchildrenbeinghyper-stimulated.Usinghyper-stimulatingdigitalcontentto"engage”thosedistractedstudentsexacerbates(使……惡化)theproblemthatitendeavorstosolve.ItcreatesaviciousandaddictiveADHDcycle:Themoreachildisstimulated,themorethatchildneedstokeepgettingstimulatedinordertoholdtheirattention.

Murdoch'sAmplifywasn'ttheonlydubioused-techcash-grab.ThecityofLosAngeleshadenteredintoa$1.3billioncontractin2014tobuyiPadsloadedwithPearsoneducationalsoftwareforallofits650,000Kthrough12thstudents-untiltheFBIinvestigateditscontractandfoundthatnow-formerSuperintendentJohnDeasyhadacloserelationshipwithAppleandPearsonexecutives.(BeforethedealwaskilledinDecember2014,thePearsonplatformhadimcompletedandessentiallyworthlesscurriculumandsuchfeeblesecurityrestrictionsstudentsthatbypasstheminweeks.)

DespitetheAmplifyandLAdebacles,othersstillseektoconvincenaiveschoolsadministratorsthatscreensaretheeducationalpanacea.YetasmoreAmericanschoolslayoffteacherswhilesettingasidescarcebudgetdollarsfortech,manyeducatorsandparentsalikehavebeguntoask:Doanyofthesehypnoticmarvelsofthedigitalageactuallyproducebettereducationaloutcomesforthekidswhousethem?

Dr.KentaroToyama,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolofInformation,oncebelievedthattechnologyintheclassroomcouldsolvetheproblemsofmodernurbaneducation.NoLuddite,hehadreceivedhisPh.D.incomputersciencefromYaleandhadmovedtoIndiain2004tohelpfoundanewresearchlabformobilephonesandothertechnologiesthatcouldhelpeducateIndia’sbillion-pluspopulation.

Ratherthanfindingadigitaleducationalcure,hecametounderstandwhathercallstechnology's“LawofAmplification":technologycouldhelpeducationwhereit’salreadydoingwell,butitdoeslittleformediocreeducationalsystems.Worse,indysfunctionalschools,it"cancauseoutrightharm."Headded,"Unfortunately,thereisnotechnologicalfix...moretechnologyonlymagnifiessocioeconomicdisparities,andtheonlywaytoavoidthatisnon-technological.”

Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.

SchoolsneedtoheedthisresearchinordertotrulyunderstandhowtobestnurturerealintrinsiclearningandnotfallfortheSirensongofthetechcompanies-andalloftheirhypnoticscreens.

1.Theauthorimpliesthatthescreenrevolution（）.

2.Whatdoes“l(fā)ie”inpara.3mean?

3.Whydotheclassroomhigh-techsattractpeoplelikeMurdoch?

4.“Luddite”inparagraph12meansapersonwhoisopposedto（）.

5.Itseemsthattheauthorapproveshighlyof（）intheclassroomandschooleducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hindersthechangeoftheteachingmethods

B.helpsthestudyofteachingmethodsdevelop

C.dominatesthestudyofteachingmethods

D.changestogetherwiththechangeofthestudyofteachingmethods

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Techintheclassroomleadstoworseeducationaloutcomesforkids

B.NoteveryclassroomintheU.S.isequippedwithscreens

C.Technologyintheclassroomisnecessaryandbeneficialineducation

D.Raisedonahigh-techdietappearstobeadirectbyproductofthekids'digitalimmersion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Followthemoney

B.Followtheroutineofhigh-tech

C.Advocatefundamentaleducation

D.Enlargetheinfluenceoftheirownbrands

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.democracy

B.newtechnology

C.work

D.education

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.smartboards

B.chromebooks

C.humaninteraction

D.on-linelearning

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者暗示，屏幕革命如何？根據(jù)原文第三段“Thisisalie”可知，這是作者對(duì)于上文提到的“…wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.”這一觀點(diǎn)持有否定態(tài)度，不應(yīng)該將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展。而根據(jù)原文第四段第一句“Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.”可知，這些技術(shù)不僅會(huì)使孩子們的課堂教學(xué)質(zhì)量下降，還會(huì)對(duì)孩子造成傷害。因此，可排除B選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，technology在教育界占有重要地位，而不是screenrevolution，故排除C；而D選項(xiàng)“隨著教學(xué)方法研究的變化而變化”在原文中并未提及。所以，只有A項(xiàng)“阻礙教育方法的改變”最符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：第三段中的“l(fā)ie”指的是什么？根據(jù)上下文可知，第三段中的this指代的是上文第二段提出的“將教室中的技術(shù)視為教育中必要且有益的發(fā)展”這一觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)就是謊言，所以是對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行否定。因此，通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境可知，“l(fā)ie”是指C選項(xiàng)“課堂上的技術(shù)是必要的，對(duì)教育也是有益的”。A選項(xiàng)表示“教室里的科技導(dǎo)致了孩子們更糟糕的教育結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)表示“不是美國(guó)的每個(gè)教室都有屏幕”，D選項(xiàng)表示“在高科技飲食中長(zhǎng)大似乎是孩子們沉浸數(shù)字的直接副產(chǎn)品”。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：為什么課堂高科技會(huì)吸引像默多克這樣的人？在原文第五段，作者將課堂科技比作特洛伊木馬，而課堂科技之所以能進(jìn)入課堂，都是因?yàn)楹笪奶岬降摹癴ollowthemoney”。接著作者講到課堂科技擁有巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值，而這樣的淘金熱自然會(huì)吸引默多克這樣的大亨。由此可知，默多克這樣的人被吸引而來(lái)主要是為了追求財(cái)富。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：第12段中“Luddite”是指反對(duì)什么的人？將“Luddite”定位到原文中第12段可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，Dr.KentaroToyama是一位非“Luddite”，而他認(rèn)為課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問(wèn)題。那么，“Luddite”自然就是反對(duì)“課堂技術(shù)可以解決現(xiàn)代教育中的問(wèn)題”的人，也就是反對(duì)新技術(shù)的人。由此可以判斷，B選項(xiàng)表述符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：作者似乎高度贊揚(yáng)課堂和學(xué)校教育中的什么？根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Weareprojectingourowninfatuationwithshinytechnology,assumingourlittledigitalnativeswouldratherlearnusinggadgets—whilewhattheycraveandneedishumancontactwithflesh-and-bloodeducators.”可知，我們把自己對(duì)于科技的迷戀投射到了課堂上，認(rèn)為我們的學(xué)生寧可學(xué)習(xí)使用小工具。然而，他們渴望和需要的是與有血有肉的教育者進(jìn)行接觸。所以作者提倡在課堂和學(xué)校教育中需要的是人與人之間的互動(dòng)。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（）thought,timeandeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.considerable

C.great

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)significant“重大的，有意義的”；B選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的，可觀的”；C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的，極好的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“很多的”。句意：寫作是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程，需要大量的思考、時(shí)間和努力。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.

Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenI’mintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn’tring,thatnoneventprobablywon’tevenregister(留下印象).

Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.

Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchillingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.

Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat______.

2.By“thingslike…”“happeninthrees”,theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve______.

3.Theword“courtesy”probablymeans______.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue

B.dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue

C.dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered

D.dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen

B.personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether

C.misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns

D.misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.goodmanner

B.appropriatespeech

C.friendlyrelations

D.satisfactoryservice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.

B.Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.

C.Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.

D.Believersofmisfortuneshappeningthethreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereissometrutheveninthewidestdreams

B.oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople’smerits

C.thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents

D.weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsarepropheticbecauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.（因此，許多人相信他們的夢(mèng)是預(yù)言，因?yàn)樯贁?shù)人已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了；他們忽視或沒(méi)有注意到許多沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該以個(gè)別應(yīng)驗(yàn)的夢(mèng)境得出夢(mèng)具有預(yù)言性這一推斷，畢竟大多數(shù)的夢(mèng)都是不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“即使有幾個(gè)夢(mèng)成真了也不能說(shuō)夢(mèng)有預(yù)言性”正確。B選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)是預(yù)言性的，因?yàn)槠渲杏行?mèng)成真了”，C選項(xiàng)“如果清楚地記住了，夢(mèng)就會(huì)成真”，D選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)是密切相關(guān)的”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.（人們希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意義。這種信念源于人們傾向于讓第三個(gè)事件來(lái)定義時(shí)間周期。），說(shuō)明人們總是希望從復(fù)雜的事件中找出某種規(guī)律，從而印證人們頭腦中早已形成的某種判斷。因此C選項(xiàng)“不幸往往按照一定的模式發(fā)生”正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的不幸往往每隔一段時(shí)間就會(huì)發(fā)生”，B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的不幸、飛機(jī)失事和死亡通常一起發(fā)生”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人一生中發(fā)生的不幸不會(huì)超過(guò)三次”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy.（每個(gè)人都把自己看重的品質(zhì)看得很高：謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)重視小心，熟練的司機(jī)重視技術(shù)，禮貌的司機(jī)重視禮貌。），說(shuō)明“courtesy”在文中是指“禮貌”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“良好的禮貌”正確。B選項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)难哉Z(yǔ)”，C選項(xiàng)“友好的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“令人滿意的服務(wù)”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.主旨大意題。由全文可知，作者希望人們更加關(guān)注那些不為大家所關(guān)注的，不符人們總結(jié)出的“規(guī)律”的事件，來(lái)避免從個(gè)別事實(shí)中得出不嚴(yán)密的結(jié)論的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)“不被注意的事情值得更多關(guān)注”最能概括文章主旨。B選項(xiàng)“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最嚴(yán)重的”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于利用支持自己信念的證據(jù)”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“相信不幸發(fā)生三次的人在解釋事件時(shí)是謹(jǐn)慎的”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautiousindrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.（也許我們能學(xué)到的最重要的心理習(xí)慣是在得出結(jié)論時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎。日常生活的“證據(jù)”有時(shí)會(huì)引起誤解。），說(shuō)明不應(yīng)該以隨機(jī)證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)得出結(jié)論，因?yàn)樗鼈冇姓`導(dǎo)性。因此D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該把我們的結(jié)論建立在偶然的證據(jù)上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“即使在最寬泛的夢(mèng)中也有一些真相”，B選項(xiàng)“人應(yīng)該注意到別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“世界上的事件沒(méi)有秩序和模式”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecule.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetocharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossibleforscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.ThegenesplicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.

AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesandangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.

31.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?

33.Theword“alleviate”inparagraph2isnearestinmeaningto________.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering

B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering

C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering

D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.

B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.

D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.avoid

C.eliminate

D.terminate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology

B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden

C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago

D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.indifferent

C.critical

D.objective

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】31.主旨大意題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnology（這種新過(guò)程通常被稱為DNA重組技術(shù)），隨后文章講DNA重組技術(shù)的好與壞，所以C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)，基因工程的新方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“基因工程的基本功能”，B選項(xiàng)“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”和D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)發(fā)展的承諾與危險(xiǎn)”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“能給生命形式帶來(lái)迅速而徹底的基因變化”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句restructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthisobtainsmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.（重組DNA分子本身，從而獲得比過(guò)去更迅速、更徹底的基因變化。），符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“可以用來(lái)重組DNA分子來(lái)產(chǎn)生新的想要的植物和動(dòng)物品種”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Newcropbreedsproducedbyhisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.（通過(guò)這種方法生產(chǎn)的新作物品種已經(jīng)在農(nóng)民的田地里生長(zhǎng)。），符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”：根據(jù)第二段第七句Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.（基因剪接可以產(chǎn)生新的疾病微生物，對(duì)我們或我們所依賴的動(dòng)植物都是致命的。），符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdragstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.（他們還致力于用基因工程制造出一代神奇的藥物來(lái)對(duì)抗癌癥和其他致命疾病。），這不證明是有效的，不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

33.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。alleviate的意思是“緩解，減輕”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.（轉(zhuǎn)基因作物可以抵抗害蟲(chóng)、疾病和干旱，這可能是減輕世界各地饑餓的重要努力。），世界各地的饑餓情況只能緩解，所以A選項(xiàng)“緩解，減輕”正確。B選項(xiàng)“避免”，C選項(xiàng)“消除”和D選項(xiàng)“終止”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

34.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用將不可避免地引發(fā)一場(chǎng)激烈的辯論”和C選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)可以追溯到幾百年前”：文章沒(méi)有提到。B選項(xiàng)“重組DNA技術(shù)在人類身上的使用將被禁止”：根據(jù)第二段第四句Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulinandinterferoncheaply.（科學(xué)家們正試圖利用基因工程便宜地生產(chǎn)胰島素和干擾素等重要藥物。），可知重組DNA技術(shù)已經(jīng)在人類身上使用，沒(méi)有提到在未來(lái)會(huì)被禁止，不符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)它被用來(lái)修改人類遺傳密碼時(shí)，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的困境”：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoralpolitical,andsocialissues.（改變?nèi)祟惢蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)的可能性引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的道德、政治和社會(huì)問(wèn)題。），符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者同時(shí)描述了DNA重組技術(shù)帶來(lái)的好與壞，同時(shí)進(jìn)行例證，所以D選項(xiàng)“客觀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“熱心”，B選項(xiàng)“冷漠”和C選項(xiàng)“批判”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

關(guān)于知識(shí)分子的定義，國(guó)外的主流看法是，知識(shí)分子是受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練，掌握專門知識(shí)，以知識(shí)為謀生手段，以腦力勞動(dòng)為職業(yè)，具有強(qiáng)烈的社會(huì)責(zé)任感的群體。知識(shí)分子的功能雖然在解釋外在世界，但是總是傾向懷疑與批判，他的想法和看法與社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀總有距離。知識(shí)分子總是對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀不滿足，總是批判他身處其中的社會(huì)，總是企圖按照理性和自己的理想改造或改良社會(huì)。因此，他們被浪漫地認(rèn)同為社會(huì)的良心。根據(jù)知識(shí)分子的基本特征，經(jīng)典的知識(shí)分子可包含哲學(xué)家、科學(xué)家、作家、藝術(shù)家、音樂(lè)家等等。在這里，知識(shí)分子是指腦力勞動(dòng)者中關(guān)心人類文化價(jià)值、具有社會(huì)責(zé)任意識(shí)的那部分人，大體上相當(dāng)于“思想家”。

【答案】Withregardtothedefinitionofintellectuals,themainstreamviewabroadisthatintellectualsaregroupswithastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilitywhoreceivespecialtraining,masterexpertknowledge,earnalivingbyknowledgeandchoosementalwork.Althoughthefunctionoftheintellectualistoexplaintheexternalworld,heisalwaysinclinedtodoubtandcriticize,whoseideasandopinionsarealwaysdifferentfromthepresentsocialsituation.Theintellectualisalwaysdissatisfiedwiththepresentsocialsituation,alwayscriticizessocietyinwhichhelives,andalwaysattemptstotransformorimprovesocietyaccordingtohisreasonandhisownideal.Therefore,theyareromanticallyrecognizedasaconscienceofsociety.Accordingtothebasiccharacteristicsofintellectuals,classicalintellectualscanincludephilosophers,scientists,writers,artists,musiciansandsoon.Here,theintellectualreferstothementallabors,roughlyequivalentto"thinker",whocareabouttheculturalvalueofhumanbeingsandhaveasenseofsocialresponsibility.

7.單選題

Youngpeoplearenot（

）tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservative

B.content

C.confident

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的，守舊的”；B選項(xiàng)content“滿足，愿意”；C選項(xiàng)confident“自信的，有把握的”；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的”。根據(jù)空格后的第二個(gè)分句句意‘他們想要那種能參與其中的藝術(shù)’可知空格所在句句意是‘輕人不滿足于站在那里觀看藝術(shù)作品，’B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他的模仿者必須達(dá)到自然的柔美和微妙，一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?！笨芍cC項(xiàng)相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上，紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨(dú)白中描述的罕見(jiàn)人物”?？芍摼渲蠦osola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進(jìn)行對(duì)比。故B項(xiàng)正確，

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia擬聲；exaggeration夸張；paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣，Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾，他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thepresidentofthecompanywasunderenormous（

）duringthetrial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.force

B.pressure

C.strength

D.tense

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在審判期間，這家公司的董事長(zhǎng)承受了巨大的壓力。

考查名詞辨析。Force武力,暴力,力量;pressure壓力,壓迫;strength力量,力氣;tense（動(dòng)詞的）時(shí)態(tài)。故B符合句意。

10.單選題

Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.Itisanengineeringeventonthescaleofthetranscontinentalrailroad,over15,000mileslongandfiftyyearsinthemaking.Byalongmeasure,itisthebesthighwaysysteminthecountry,whichmeansthatitisthebesthighwaysystemintheworld.California,itsvariousdepartmentsandagencies,hastaughtnumberlessnationshowtobuildmodemroads,andiftheworldisnowlessconvincedaboutthenecessityofsuperhighwaysthatitusedtobe,thathasmoretodowithgeologythanwithdesignandengineering.

TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.Muchhasbeenwrittenabout(California’sloveaffair