考研考博-英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

問題1選項

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車修理工一進(jìn)入房間就開始脫下他油膩的工作服。根據(jù)常識可知選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問題1選項

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達(dá)；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對國會發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動社會保險的全面改革可能會產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Doyouhaveany（

）aboutwhatlivingbeingsonotherplanetswouldbelike?

問題1選項

A.ideal

B.comprehension

C.notion

D.intelligence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。ideal“理想”；comprehension“理解力”；notion“觀念，意見”；intelligence“智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么樣的嗎？選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Tom,diditever（

）toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexams?

問題1選項

A.happen

B.occur

C.reflect

D.strike

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。happen“發(fā)生,碰巧”；occur“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；reflect“反應(yīng)”；strike“撞擊；罷工”。句意：湯姆，你是否曾想過會因?yàn)榭荚囎鞅资艿教幜P呢？occurto“想起，突然想起”。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.

問題1選項

A.inaidof

B.byvirtueof

C.inlightof

D.inrespectof

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。A選項inaidof“為了幫助”；B選項byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因?yàn)椤?；C選項inlightof“根據(jù)；鑒于”；D選項inrespectof“關(guān)于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做狀語，根據(jù)上下文可知byvirtueof“憑借，由于，因?yàn)椤狈项}意，句意為：去年，在政府的援助下，終于建立了一個同聲傳譯的展位。故答案選B。

6.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形針，圖釘和安金扣針全都散落在地板上。

考查動詞辨析。四個選型都是對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得亂七八糟;spray噴灑;separate使分離。因此A符合句意。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據(jù)財富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數(shù)據(jù)表明，計算機(jī)的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學(xué)文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計算機(jī)的比例高達(dá)76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

8.單選題

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

問題1選項

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項minimized“使減到最少；小看，極度輕視；最小化”；B選項deployed“配置；展開；使疏開；部署”；C選項inclined“使……傾向”；D選項mingled“（使）相混，融合；摻和；（在社交場合）相交往，應(yīng)酬”。句意：如果按目前的開采速度繼續(xù)下去，這些自然資源遲早會枯竭。本句關(guān)鍵詞bedepleted表示“被耗盡”，beminimized可以做同義替換，表示被最小化，被減到最少；因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘比賽只剩下五分鐘了但我們落后四分，所以這場比賽看上去已完全無法挽救了。’可知因?yàn)楸确謶沂?，所以這場比賽的勝利己經(jīng)無法改變了。A選項irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能彌補(bǔ)的”；C選項irremissible“無法逃避的”；D選項irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B選項正確。

10.單選題

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

問題1選項

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項helddown“抑制”；B選項keptdown“控制”；C選項cutdown“削減”；D選項turndown“推倒”。句意：舊造紙廠已被拆除，以便騰出地方建一個新的購物中心。本句表示拆除舊造紙廠，因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

問題1選項

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。potential“有潛力的”；prolific“多產(chǎn)的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些創(chuàng)作大量作品的作家那樣多產(chǎn)。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

問題1選項

A.so

B.very

C.too

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】cannot...too...“無論怎樣……也不過分”“越……越好”。本句意為：“現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識并不像課本中所說的那么完善、肯定、不可改變，對于這一點(diǎn)科學(xué)家認(rèn)識得越早越好?！逼渌x項均無此搭配。

13.單選題

Cananovelistremain______totheproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives?

問題1選項

A.impartial

B.indifferent

C.careless

D.detached

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項impartial“公正的，沒有偏見的”，B項indifferent“冷漠的，漠不關(guān)心的”，C項careless“粗心的，無憂無慮的”，D項detached“分離的，分開的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞novelist“小說家”和theproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives“自己所生活的世界的問題”可知，A項符合語境。句意：小說家能對他所處世界上的問題不偏不倚嗎？因此，該題選擇A項正確。

14.填空題

We’re（1）alotoftrouble（2）ournewTVset.Weonly（3）itlastmonth,butwealreadyneedtocallarepairmantofixit.I（4）thatthesetisasgoodasweweretolditwasinthestore.Mywife（5）menottotrustthatsalesman!

【答案】1.having

2.with

3.bought

4.doubt

5.told

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith在某方面有麻煩/困難

2.固定搭配。

3.語義題。句意:我們上個月才買的。

4.語義題。doubt懷疑。

5.語義題。Tell告訴。Told在這里暗含“警告”之意。

15.單選題

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

問題1選項

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。shedlighton意為“闡明，解釋”；makelightof意為“對……不在乎，輕視”；bringlightto意為“為……帶來光明”；setlightto意為“點(diǎn)燃，點(diǎn)著”。

句意：我讓馬里奧看一下引擎，希望他能弄清楚這個問題。

16.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問題2選項

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問題3選項

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問題4選項

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問題5選項

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)系在今天被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的——不能完全準(zhǔn)確地概括為“研究和開發(fā)”……即使在當(dāng)今這個大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開發(fā)的時代，這個過程中所涉及的相互關(guān)系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個人情況。它有時甚至是多向的?！笨芍髡唛_頭即點(diǎn)明人們對科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工業(yè)的相互關(guān)系的誤解，最后一句也點(diǎn)明這三者之間正變得越來越疏遠(yuǎn)。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對這三者之間的誤解。故A項正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀(jì)后期，只有少數(shù)幾個行業(yè)能夠使用科學(xué)技術(shù)或關(guān)心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴(kuò)大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學(xué)技術(shù)的行業(yè)”。故C項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀(jì)中葉，科學(xué)知識和公眾意識（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴(kuò)展使人們相信，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將以某種未指明的方式自動地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由此可知人們相信科學(xué)進(jìn)步能夠帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故D項正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也擔(dān)任顧問，從事以實(shí)際方式應(yīng)用研究的項目?！睆氖禄A(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也兼顧應(yīng)用研究，可知作者想表明科學(xué)家對應(yīng)用研究的貢獻(xiàn)。故C項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學(xué)-技術(shù)-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個人情況。它有時甚至是多向的。”可知D項“科學(xué)和技術(shù)正變得越來越分離開”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項正確。A項與此內(nèi)容不符。B項“基本科學(xué)研究不能產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用”文中沒提到；C項“工業(yè)應(yīng)該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點(diǎn)錢”文中也沒提到。

17.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytospurfurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

問題1選項

A.renovate

B.advocate

C.arouse

D.stimulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。spur意為“鞭策，激勵，刺激”；renovate意為“翻新，修復(fù)，整修”；advocate意為“提倡”；arouse意為“引起”；stimulate意為“促進(jìn)，激勵，刺激”。

句意：科學(xué)理論的一個重要特性是它能夠激勵對某一特定主題的進(jìn)一步研究和思考。

18.單選題

WheneverTomcomesacrossaseriousproblem,helikesto（）it,namely,tothinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime.

問題1選項

A.contend

B.contempt

C.contemplate

D.content

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。contend“主張”；contempt“輕視，蔑視，恥辱”，名詞；contemplate“沉思，注視”；content“使?jié)M足”。根據(jù)thinkitaboutcarefullyandforalongtime（仔細(xì)并長時間地思考它）可知“沉思”符合，因此選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould______carefullytogetasharppicture.

問題1選項

A.preserve

B.fix

C.focus

D.object

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preserve“保存；維持”；B選項fix“維修；安排”；C選項focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距；聚焦（于）”；D選項object“反對”。句意：當(dāng)你拍照時，應(yīng)該仔細(xì)______，才能拍出清晰的照片。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在拍照時要調(diào)整焦距，C選項focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

20.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問題1選項

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進(jìn)取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項humble“謙遜的，簡陋的，（級別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是作為一名正在談?wù)撔马椖康膯T工，而不是一名希望得到工作機(jī)會的求職者的奉承態(tài)度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

21.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問題1選項

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項enhance“增強(qiáng)”，B項revise“修正，校訂”，C項alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔(dān)心嬰兒的基因會被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

22.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關(guān)于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意：圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項D符合句意。

23.單選題

Inthecapaciousareasoftherailwayterminal,thousandsoftouristslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

問題1選項

A.spacious

B.energetic

C.beautiful

D.capable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項spacious“廣闊的”；B選項energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項beautiful“美麗的”；D選項capable“有能力的”。句意：在鐵路終點(diǎn)站廣闊的區(qū)域里，成千上萬的游客徘徊著等待他們的火車。劃線部分capacious是廣闊的意思。因此A選項正確。

24.單選題

問題1選項

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

問題2選項

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

問題3選項

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:男性說到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”，說明韓國人的預(yù)期壽命會在2030年領(lǐng)先。

第2題:最后一句說到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”，說明在英國，喝酒的現(xiàn)象很多，因此D選項“大量飲酒”正確。

第3題:對話以一個問句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy（你認(rèn)為哪個國家的預(yù)期壽命最高）”開頭，再講到了日本、韓國、英國及法國的一些情況，說明本段對話講的主題就是各個國家的預(yù)期壽命情況，C選項正確。

25.單選題

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames，phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information—mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential”.ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif（）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause_（）_.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

問題2選項

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits

問題3選項

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

問題4選項

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

問題5選項

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers,privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.”，私營企業(yè)比政府監(jiān)視得更多，根據(jù)最后一句，“It’sourbanks….passourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.”，說明銀行將我們的私人財務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)給了電話銷售公司。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.”，說明立法者傾向于讓商業(yè)人士隨意跟蹤我們的財務(wù)習(xí)慣。選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…h(huán)ad30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomatically…”，說明有30天的取消期限，超過期限會自動收費(fèi)。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.”，企業(yè)用你的私人賬戶獲利，但是你得不到任何保護(hù)，“nofederallawshields‘transactionandexperience’information”說明私人賬戶被認(rèn)為是不受法律保護(hù)的，選項B符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段，說明沒有法律對消費(fèi)者的隱私給予保護(hù)，所以消費(fèi)者的利益會繼續(xù)被侵犯。選項D符合題意。

26.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.ThecauseofCOPD.

B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.

C.D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.

D.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D.Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

問題2選項

A.954

B.955

C.1909

D.1955

問題3選項

A.OnMay18inSanDiego.

B.OnMay25inSanDiego.

C.OnMay18inSanFrancisco.

D.OnMay25inSanFrancisco.

問題4選項

A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.

B.Whensmokingexposureislow.

C.Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.

D.Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.25.

問題5選項

A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.

B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Women’sactivemetabolicrate.

D.Women’ssmallerairways.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】(21)Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelung-damagingeffecttosmokingthanmen,accordingtonewresearchbyInga-CecilieSoerheim,M.D.,andhercolleaguesfromChimingLaboratory,BrighamandWomenHospitalandUniversityofBergenNorway.(22)TheyanalyzedthedatafromtheNorwegiancasecontrolstudy,including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病)and955controls,allthecurrentorex-smokers.AndCOPDsubjecthadmoderateorsevereCOPD.Overallanalysisindicatedthewomenmaybemorevulnerabletotheeffecttosmoking,whichissomethingpreviouslysuspectedbutnotproven,saidDr.Soerheim.(23)ThestudyresultswouldbepresentedonMay18,atthe105thinternationalconferenceofAmericansocietyinSanDiego.Examiningthetotalstudysample,therewerenogenderdifferenceswithrespecttolungfunction(FEVI)andCOPDseverity,butthewomenwereonaverageyoungerandhadsmokedsignificantlylessthanmen.

Toexplorethesedifferencesfurther;theyalsoanalyzedtwosubgroupsofthestudysample:COPDsubjectsundertheageof60(earlyonsetgroup)andCOPDsubjectswithlessthan20packyearofsmoking(lowexposuregroup).Inbothsubgroups,womenhadmoreseverediseaseandgreaterimpairmentoflungfunctionthanmen.

“Thismeansthatfemalesmokersinourstudyexperiencedreducedlungfunctionatalowerlevelofsmokingexposureandatanearlieragethanmen,"saidDr.Soerheim.

Ithaslongbeensuspectedthattheeffectofsmokingonlungfunctionmaybemodifiedbygender.InteractionanalysisconfirmedthatbeingfemalerepresentsahigherriskofreducedlungfunctionandsevereCOPD,(24)butthisgendereffectofwasmostpronouncedwhenthelevelofsmokingexposurewaslow.ThegenderdifferenceinCOPDsusceptibilityseemstobemostimportantwhensmokingexposureislow.Womenmaytoleratesmallamountsoftobaccoworsethanmen,”Dr.Soerheimexplained.

AccordingtoDr.Soerheim,thereasonwhywomenmaybemoresusceptibletotheeffectsofcigarettesmokeisstillunknown,butthereareseveralpossibleexplanations:(25)“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeachcigarettesmaybemoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”

21.What’sthemostlikelythetopicofthistalk?

【解析】從短文錄音的第一句便可知道答案：Womanmaybemoresusceptibletothelungdamagingeffecttosmokingthanmen。因此本題答案為D。

22.HowmanysubjectsdidDr.Soerheimrecruitedinthestudy?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音中..including954subjectswithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)and955controls可知，總共招錄的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象（subjects)）為954+955=1909，故本題答案為C。

23.WhenandwherewasDr.Soerheimpresenttheirstudyresults?

【解析】根據(jù)錄音中的..May18,atthe115internationalconferenceofAmericandirectivesocietyinSantiago，可知本題的答案為A。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whenisthegenderdifferencemostlikelytobeobviouslyinCOPDsensibility?

【解析】從錄音中“Butthisgenderresetwasmostpronouncedwomen’slevelofsmokingexposurewaslow”可知，當(dāng)smokingexposure較低時，性別差異最明顯。

25.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationforwomen’sgreatsusceptibilitytotheeffectofsmoking?

【解析】從錄音最后“Womenhavesmallairways,thereforeeatcigarettesmaydomoreharm.Alsotherearegenderdifferencesinthemetabolismofcigarettesmoke,genesandhormonescouldalsobeimportant.”可知，男女的新陳代謝和荷爾蒙差異、女性狹窄的氣道都是讓女性更容易受到吸煙后果影響的因素，但其中并未說女性比男性的新陳代謝更活躍，因此C正確。

27.單選題

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

問題1選項

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。forthepurposeof“為了……目的”；B和C選項形式不正確；forthefunof“為了享受”。句意：企業(yè)和政府管理者經(jīng)常推行“整潔的辦公室”政策，以避免混亂的辦公室和凌亂的桌子，……提高工作效率和生產(chǎn)力。因此選項A符合題意。

28.填空題

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名詞前，應(yīng)該用形容詞。?

29.單選題

NobodycametoseemewhileIwasout,（）?

問題1選項

A.didthey

B.didn’tthey

C.didshe

D.didn'tshe

【答案】C

【解析】考查反義疑問句。由題干可知Nobody為表示否定意義的不定代詞，當(dāng)陳述句的主語是表示否定意義的不定代詞（如none,nobody,nothing等）時，反義疑問句的疑問詞要用肯定語氣did并且用第三人稱單數(shù)，由此可知C選項正確。句意：當(dāng)我出去的時候，沒有人來看過我，對嗎？

30.單選題

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

問題1選項

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：一項最新調(diào)查顯示，全世界近15%的人認(rèn)為世界末日即將來臨。要么是通過上帝之手，要么是天災(zāi)或者政治事件。根據(jù)題干中…or…可知空格處應(yīng)填寫與之搭配的詞語，只有either…or…符合要求。因此A選項符合題意。

31.翻譯題

今諸生學(xué)于太學(xué)(theImperialCollege)，縣官(theroyalcourt)日有廩稍之供，父母歲有裘葛之遺，無凍餒之患矣；坐大廈之下而誦《詩》《書》，無奔走之勞矣；有司業(yè)(DirectorsofStudies)、博士之師，未有問而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之書集于此，不必若余之手錄，假諸人而后見也。其業(yè)有不精，德有不成者，非天質(zhì)之卑，則心不若余之專耳，豈他人之過哉？(5分)

人們?yōu)閴粝攵窢帲鐬樨敭a(chǎn)而斗爭一樣。于是夢想即由幻想的世界走進(jìn)了現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界，而成為了我們生命中的一個真實(shí)力量。夢想無論怎樣模糊，總潛伏在我們心底，使我們的心境永遠(yuǎn)得不到寧靜，直到這些夢想成為事實(shí)為止；像種子在底下一樣，一定要萌芽滋長，伸出地面來，尋找陽光。(4分)

目前是研究在交叉文化與多種文化方面人類的相似性的最好時機(jī)了。差異談得夠多了。強(qiáng)調(diào)我們的差異使我們?nèi)祟惐舜耸柽h(yuǎn)，使我們長久地相互猜疑；在極端的情況下加深我們的分歧使我們彼此否定，失去人性結(jié)果是導(dǎo)致相互殘殺。(3分)

刑事偵破(forensic)科學(xué)家的工作，與其說是迅速和富于洞察力，不如說是更為緩慢，更具有分析性的。但這種方法所展示出的高質(zhì)量與謹(jǐn)慎可由如下事實(shí)得以反映出來：只有少數(shù)案件真正會成為審判室的主要案件。鑒于在預(yù)審中被告所聽到的刑偵證據(jù)之確鑿，他們常常折服于證明他們有罪的有分量的科學(xué)信息，并且在審判還未開始之前就低頭認(rèn)罪。（3分）

【答案】NowadaysmanystudentspursueaneducationintheImperialCollege,theywouldn’tneedtoworryaboutstarvationandcoldnessastheroyalcourtwouldofferthemeverydayfoodforfreeandparentsyourseasonalclothes.Withoutgoingoutside,theyjustsitinthecomfortableroomandreadtheclassicpoemsandhistoricalbooks.WithDirectorsofStudiesandMr.Knowledgebeingtheirteachers,alloftheirquestionsandinquirieswillbesolved.TheCollegehassuchasufficientcollectionofbooksthattheyneedn’tmakehandwrittencopiesafterborrowingbooksfromotherslikeIdidbefore.Iftheymakenoachievementintheir