考研考博-英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motivate“激勵(lì)；刺激”；B選項(xiàng)encompass“包含；包圍”；C選項(xiàng)entice“慫恿；誘使”；D選項(xiàng)undercut“削（價(jià)）競爭；削弱”。句意：1910年，超過60萬的黑人工人，或者說10%的黑人工人報(bào)告說他們從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類別大致……整個(gè)工業(yè)部門。綜合句意與選項(xiàng)可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財(cái)產(chǎn)。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對(duì)債務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

本合同的任何改動(dòng)或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

3.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)史密斯先生被暗示犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他變得非常（）。ingenious靈敏的，聰明的；empirical以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的；objective客觀的；indignant憤怒的。故選D。

4.單選題

TheGovernmenthaspromisedtodo______liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthehomeless.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.all

C.that

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：政府承諾盡其所能緩解無家可歸者的困難。whatliesinitspower是一個(gè)賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞do的賓語，what在從句中做主語。all不能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，排除B選項(xiàng)。that在賓語從句中不能做主語，排除C選項(xiàng)。which引導(dǎo)賓語從句是意為“哪一個(gè)”，不符合句意，排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

FrustratedwithdelaysinSacramento,BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.

ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.

Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.

LegislationbySenatorByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathode(陰極)raytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.

AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.

Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.

Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.

“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.

Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.

Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulous(毫無顧忌的)junkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.

“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina.”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.

66.WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?

67.ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern______.

68.Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause______.

69.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill______.

70.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.

B.Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.

C.LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.

D.Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfills

B.thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries

C.thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrash

D.thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstances

B.thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernment

C.somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhere

D.unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.abandononlineshopping

B.buythemfromotherstates

C.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

D.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.collectedbynon-profitagencies

B.dumpedintolocallandfills

C.exportedtoforeigncountries

D.recycledbycomputermanufacturers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】66.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員將采取什么措施處理電子垃圾？”。文章第一段BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.（海灣地區(qū)的官員周四表示，他們計(jì)劃自行處理此事，以管理該地區(qū)越來越多的電子垃圾）和第二段theywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly（如果加州立法機(jī)構(gòu)不能對(duì)國會(huì)擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案采取行動(dòng)，他們將提出旨在控制電子垃圾的地方倡議），由此可推斷，舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員將制定地方法規(guī)來應(yīng)對(duì)電子垃圾，故B項(xiàng)“自行制定相關(guān)的地方法規(guī)”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)電子設(shè)備制造商施加壓力”在第五段有提及，這是洛杉磯地區(qū)官員提出的；C項(xiàng)“游說加州議會(huì)的立法者”沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“爭取支持通過停滯的法案”這是舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員要求加州立法機(jī)構(gòu)做的，而不是他們將采取的措施。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

67.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在加州議會(huì)擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案都與……有關(guān)”。第二段提到如果加州沒有通過擱置的兩個(gè)有關(guān)電子垃圾處理的法案，當(dāng)?shù)卣嘘P(guān)人員會(huì)自己采取措施，接著第三段就講到了Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.（環(huán)保人士和地方政府越來越關(guān)注舊電子設(shè)備造成的有毒危害，以及安全回收這些產(chǎn)品的成本），由此推測，加州擱置的這兩個(gè)法案都是關(guān)于電子垃圾的回收再利用的問題，故D項(xiàng)“對(duì)該州大量電子垃圾的再處理”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“向垃圾填埋場傾倒有害物質(zhì)的規(guī)定”，這只是用來例證回收再利用電子垃圾的重要性；B項(xiàng)“向國外銷售二手電子設(shè)備”和C項(xiàng)“為當(dāng)?shù)鼗厥针娮永某h提供資金”不屬于擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案，這只是倡議。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“消費(fèi)者不應(yīng)該把用過的電腦扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，因?yàn)椤薄８鶕?jù)第三段最后一句Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.（這些機(jī)器含有高濃度的鉛和其他有害物質(zhì)，已經(jīng)被加州的垃圾填埋場禁止使用）可推斷，因?yàn)閺U舊的電子產(chǎn)品含有很多有害物質(zhì)，所以消費(fèi)者不應(yīng)該隨意丟到垃圾桶里面，故A項(xiàng)“它們含有大量的有害物質(zhì)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“這是加州政府禁止的”，文章并沒明確提及這是政府禁止的；C項(xiàng)“一些零件可能被回收在其他地方使用”，這是鼓勵(lì)回收的原因；D項(xiàng)“不道德的交易商會(huì)把它們回收用來牟利”是回收電子產(chǎn)品中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問題，不符合題干。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

69.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“一些高科技組織認(rèn)為，如果在加州購買的每臺(tái)電視或電腦多收30美元，消費(fèi)者將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第七段Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.（但包括硅谷制造集團(tuán)和美國電子協(xié)會(huì)在內(nèi)的高科技集團(tuán)反對(duì)這些措施，稱高達(dá)30美元的費(fèi)用將促使消費(fèi)者轉(zhuǎn)向州外的在線零售商），由此可知，如果在加州購買的每臺(tái)電視或電腦多收30美元，消費(fèi)者將會(huì)從其他州購買，故B項(xiàng)“從其他州購買”正確。A項(xiàng)“放棄網(wǎng)上購物”，文中提到消費(fèi)者會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向州外的在線零售商，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這一收費(fèi)規(guī)定”和D項(xiàng)“猶豫升級(jí)他們的電腦”都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

70.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從這篇文章中了解到，加州的大部分電子垃圾已經(jīng)……”。最后一段提到Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina.（高科技革命的墓地正在中國農(nóng)村結(jié)束），這是一種隱含的說法，意思就是類似處理電子垃圾這類的高科技革命最后因?yàn)檫@些垃圾出口到中國而以失敗告終；結(jié)合最后一句HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.（他的組織正在推動(dòng)對(duì)謝爾法案的一項(xiàng)修正案，該法案將阻止電子垃圾的出口）可知C項(xiàng)“出口國外”正確。A項(xiàng)“由非牟利機(jī)構(gòu)收取”和D項(xiàng)“電腦制造商回收”都只是提出來的建議，文中沒有提到這些措施到底有沒有實(shí)施；B項(xiàng)“被扔進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐睦盥駡觥卞e(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,（

）off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.since

C.whereas

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；since“自從，既然”；whereas“然而，反而”；because“因?yàn)椤薄＞湟猓涸诹餍熊浖ǔＲ蠊靖淖兂绦蛞赃m應(yīng)軟件的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件，因?yàn)樗梢员徽{(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直；誠實(shí)；廉正”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能；直覺；天性”；C選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈”；D選項(xiàng)insanity“瘋狂；精神錯(cuò)亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財(cái)政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)

【答案】攻讀博士學(xué)位的過程能訓(xùn)練你做研究、讀文獻(xiàn)、做實(shí)驗(yàn)、寫論文和做演講。它還會(huì)教你如何弄清楚需要解決的問題。

頂尖的博士計(jì)劃設(shè)置了一個(gè)極高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：大量的課程作業(yè)、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、資格考試、論文答辯，當(dāng)然，還包括在你的領(lǐng)域做出了開創(chuàng)性的研究貢獻(xiàn)。

接受博士訓(xùn)練的人往往能發(fā)表?xiàng)l理清晰而有組織的演講，并且知道如何詳細(xì)記錄他們的工作，并將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可視化。因此，他們具有很大的影響力。

如何找出需要解決的問題，這可能是博士培訓(xùn)最重要的方面。攻讀博士學(xué)位會(huì)迫使你遠(yuǎn)離當(dāng)下領(lǐng)域，探索人類知識(shí)的邊界。

所以，我認(rèn)為，讀博是值得的，尤其是如果你想研究最難且最有興趣的問題。無論你是想在學(xué)術(shù)界、實(shí)驗(yàn)室或者更傳統(tǒng)的工程職業(yè)中謀職，讀博都是正確的選擇。

9.單選題

Somepeoplethinktheycanreadaman’s________fromhishandwriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attribute

B.feature

C.property

D.character

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribute“屬性，特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征”；C選項(xiàng)property“財(cái)產(chǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)character“性格，特性”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們可以從一個(gè)人的筆跡中看出這個(gè)人的（）。從筆跡中看出來的是人的性格特點(diǎn)，A，B，D都有性格的意思，但是attribute一般指一個(gè)群體的特性，比如說Patienceisoneofthemostimportantattributesinateacher.（耐心是作為老師最重要的特性之一）；feature指的是一種外顯的特征，一眼看得出來不需要推測，比如說Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.（她容貌中最引人注目的特點(diǎn)是她的雙眼）；character指的是人的性格特點(diǎn)；所以答案選D。

10.單選題

Thedamagetomycarwas（）intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficient

B.ambiguous

C.negligible

D.ignorance

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故中，我的車損傷并不嚴(yán)重，但我至今仍然心有余悸。

考查形容詞辨析。insufficient不足的，不夠的；ambiguous含糊的，不確定的；negligible無足輕重的，微不足道的；ignorance無知，愚昧。But表轉(zhuǎn)折,后面句意為:我至今仍然心有余悸。因此可知C符合句意。

11.單選題

Heisholdinga（）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他如今在公司任一個(gè)（）職位，他期望能夠盡快升職。

subordinate下級(jí)的，次要的；succeeding以后的；successive連續(xù)的，接替的；subsequent后來的，隨后的。根據(jù)后半句“他期望能夠盡快升職”推測，A項(xiàng)subordinate次要的符合句意。

12.翻譯題

“失落之城”馬丘比丘坐落在秘魯熱帶山地森林，直到1911年才被美國探險(xiǎn)家海勒姆·賓厄姆發(fā)現(xiàn)。馬丘比丘海拔2430米，為熱帶森林所包圍。它可能是印加帝國全盛時(shí)期最輝煌的城市建筑，那巨大的城墻和梯田好像是在連綿的懸崖絕壁上自然形成的一樣。古城矗立在安第斯山脈東邊的斜坡上，環(huán)繞著亞馬孫河上游的盆地。馬丘比丘廢墟是世界上最美最神秘的古代遺址之一。早在15世紀(jì)初期，印加人就在那里建起數(shù)百座石建筑，傳說和神話表明馬丘比丘曾是一個(gè)圣地。古城廢墟有宮殿、洗浴室、寺廟、貯藏室和大約150間房子，皆保存完好。這些建筑均用山頂?shù)幕疑◢弾r雕筑而成，是建筑學(xué)和美學(xué)的奇跡。

【答案】MachuPicchu,alostcitylocatedinPeru'stropicalmountainforests,wasn'tdiscoveredbyAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamuntil1911.Itstands2,430mabovesea-level,andsurroundedbytropicalforests.ItwasprobablythemostgloriousurbanbuildinginthezenithofIncaEmpire;itsgiantwallsandterracesseemlikebeencutnaturallyinthecontinuousrockcliffs.Theancientcity,ontheeasternslopesoftheAndes,surroundsthebasininupperAmazonRiver.

TheruinsofMachuPicchuareoneofthemostbeautifulandmysteriousancientsitesintheworld.WhiletheIncapeopleerectedhundredsofstonestructurestherefromtheearly1400's,legendsandmythsindicatethatMachuPicchuwasasacredplace.Theruinshavepalaces,baths,temples,storageroomsandsome150houses,allinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Thesestructures,carvedfromthegraygraniteofthemountaintop,arewondersofbotharchitecturalandaestheticgenius.

13.單選題

Thepolicecarriedoutan（

）investigation,butthemissingwomanwasnotyetfound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausting

B.exhaustible

C.exhaustive

D.exhausted

【答案】C

【解析】exhausting使精疲力竭的；exhaustible可被用盡的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的；exhausted疲憊的，耗盡的。根據(jù)句意可知這里指徹底的調(diào)查，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.翻譯題

BritishpreviouscolonialpoliciesledtothespreadofEnglishacrosstheworld.ThiswideuseofEnglishhasbeenreinforcedbythesweepinginfluenceoftheU.S.However,thedominanceofEnglishasaninternationallanguageisconsideredbothablessingandacurse.Foronething,ithasacceleratedtheextinctionofsomelanguages.Peoplehavebeenwonderingaboutthepossibilityofcreatingagloballanguagewhichmightholdpromisesforanendtolanguage-causedtroublesandconflicts.Unfortunately,attemptstoharmonizeworldlanguageshavemetwithlittlesuccessasaresultofthereluctanceofnativespeakersofaparticularlanguagetoadoptanotherlanguageastheirmothertongue.Todiscardone’snativelanguageistohavethedistinctfeaturesofhisnationerased.

【答案】答：

英國以前的殖民政策導(dǎo)致了英語在世界各地的傳播。美國的廣泛影響又進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了英語的廣泛使用。然而，英語作為國際語言的主導(dǎo)地位既是好事，也是壞事。一方面，它加速了一些語言的滅絕。人們一直在想是否有可能創(chuàng)造一種全球語言，從而有望結(jié)束那些語言引起的麻煩和沖突。不幸的是，因?yàn)槟骋徽Z言的本族語者不愿意把另一種語言當(dāng)作自己的母語，世界語言一致的嘗試收效甚微。拋棄自己的母語，就等于是抹掉自己民族的特色。

15.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（

）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegance

B.resolution

C.sympathy

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elegance“典雅；高雅”；B選項(xiàng)resolution“分辨率；解決；決心”；C選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；贊同”；D選項(xiàng)originality“創(chuàng)意；獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；原始”。句意：許多藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，成功的模仿遠(yuǎn)不是缺乏······的表現(xiàn)，而是學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造的第一步。句中出現(xiàn)的“模仿”、“學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造”表明，此處應(yīng)表示“模仿成功不是缺乏創(chuàng)造力的表現(xiàn)”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾地，偶然”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；D選項(xiàng)promptly“迅速地，立即”。根據(jù)togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)）及句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，表示捋頭發(fā)這個(gè)動(dòng)作偶爾做。句意：在打字時(shí)，海倫有一個(gè)習(xí)慣，偶爾停下來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)。

17.單選題

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧師進(jìn)入教堂之前比劃了一個(gè)十字。

Signofthecross為固定搭配，意為“十字架”,mark標(biāo)記,記號(hào);signal信號(hào);gesture手勢,makeagesture做手勢；擺...姿態(tài),但是通常不和thecross連用。故選C。

18.單選題

Firstweshouldexcludeallfactsandobservationsthatarenot（）totheinvestigationinquestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.relevant

C.similar

D.inferior

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。equivalent“相等的”；relevant“相關(guān)的”；similar“相似的”；inferior“下等的”。句意：首先，我們應(yīng)該排除所有與當(dāng)下調(diào)查無關(guān)的事實(shí)和意見。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericansinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheoppositewhenlistening.Theyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericanscommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters,non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericansinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildrenlackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians’intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or“disses,”thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase“Idemandsatisfaction,”whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.Mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.

AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s“CityWalk”attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst“physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring...”

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto（）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto（）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,“Idemandsatisfaction”（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AfricanAmericans,fromtheSouth”定位到第二段第二句“ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.”這里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoideyecontactasasignofrespect.”選項(xiàng)C與原文描述一致。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，白人在說話時(shí)通常會(huì)把目光從聽眾身上移開，只是偶爾瞥一眼他們。他們在聽的時(shí)候卻恰恰相反，會(huì)一直看著說話者。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“InmulticulturalAmerica...non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.”可知，在美國非韓裔的顧客對(duì)韓國店主感到很生氣是因?yàn)榈曛鳑]有直視他們，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.這里是考查“mad-dogging”的定義。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容，在年輕一代和跨種族之間，直接的目光接觸現(xiàn)在有了新的含義。當(dāng)一個(gè)青少年直視另一個(gè)青少年時(shí)，這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁，有時(shí)也被稱為“mad-dogging”。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“Muchlikethearchaicphrase'Idemandsatisfaction,'whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.”“Idemandsatisfaction,”成為決斗的序曲。也就是說，會(huì)導(dǎo)致爭斗。選項(xiàng)B正確。

20.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.

Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthataresourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,orself-improvement.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,andexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.

Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporthree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowwhyanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfantodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.

Understandingandacceptingthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisonemostliberatingrealization.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

1.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause（

）.

3.Raisingchildren,intheauthor’sopinion,is（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpointtheauthorisgoingtotellus?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwithpainunderallcircumstances

B.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun

C.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompain

D.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriage

B.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilities

C.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingle

D.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.amoralduty

B.athanklessjob

C.arewardingtask

D.asourceofsuffering

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hatred

B.ignorance

C.prejudice

D.misunderstanding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain

B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.

C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments

D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段：Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.如果娛樂和快樂等同于幸福，那么痛苦就等于不幸。...theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.但事實(shí)上，恰恰相反;導(dǎo)致幸福的事情往往包含一些痛苦。確定B選項(xiàng)’娛樂與幸福區(qū)分開來‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’忍受各種環(huán)境下的痛苦‘、C選項(xiàng)’盡一切努力讓自己從痛苦中解脫出來‘、D選項(xiàng)’—生當(dāng)中，盡可能的娛樂‘與原文不符，排除。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.如果他是誠實(shí)的他會(huì)告訴你他害怕做出承諾，承諾是非常痛苦的。確定B選項(xiàng)‘他不愿意承擔(dān)家庭責(zé)任‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’他發(fā)現(xiàn)約會(huì)比婚姻有更多的樂趣‘、C選項(xiàng)’他相信，如果他繼續(xù)單身，他的生活會(huì)更加快樂‘、D選項(xiàng)’他害怕結(jié)束生活中的快樂、冒險(xiǎn)和刺激‘與原文不符，排除。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段：Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.但是，決定不生孩子的夫妻永遠(yuǎn)體會(huì)不到看著一個(gè)孩子長大和含飴弄孫所帶來的快樂。確定C選項(xiàng)‘是一項(xiàng)有回報(bào)的使命‘正確。A選項(xiàng)‘一種道德義務(wù)’、B選項(xiàng)‘一項(xiàng)吃力不討好的工作’、D選項(xiàng)‘是痛苦的來源’與原文矛盾。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句：Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealreadyhavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.它把我們從嫉妒中解放出來：我們現(xiàn)在知道那些總是有那么多樂趣的人也許根本就不幸福。確定D選項(xiàng)‘誤解’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘憎恨’、B選項(xiàng)‘無知，愚昧’、C選項(xiàng)‘偏見’不符合原文，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第一段：Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.我們堅(jiān)信充滿樂趣，沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappiness,thenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue;moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadto