考研考博-英語(yǔ)-開(kāi)封文化藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-開(kāi)封文化藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened（被壓平的）wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.

Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.

1.Whatcausesthecircles?

2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat（）.

3.Thecirclesmean（）.

4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teenagers

B.Farmers

C.Flyingobjects.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves

B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists

C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain

D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings

B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth

C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade

B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment

C.theywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnUnsolvedMystery

B.StrangeFlyingObjects

C.ThePowerofNaturalForces

D.TheDiscoveryofStrangeCircles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)：什么東西導(dǎo)致了這些圈圈？我們定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.（科學(xué)家表示，他們不確定是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情況。）從這句話我們可以得出，科學(xué)家們目前也并不知道是什么導(dǎo)致了這些怪圈，其他的都只是猜測(cè)，因此答案為D“以上都不對(duì)”；A選項(xiàng)“青少年”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”，C選項(xiàng)“飛行物”，這些都是人們的猜測(cè)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)：是什么證實(shí)了這些圈圈并不是一個(gè)惡作?。扛鶕?jù)第二段第一句話Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem，（起初，人們懷疑這些圓圈是騙人的。為了證明這些圓圈是騙人的，人們?cè)噲D模仿它們）我們可以得出答案是C選項(xiàng)“人們不能復(fù)制圓圈而不留下痕跡或打破紋理”。A選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)男人說(shuō)是他們制造了這個(gè)圈”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民們做了這個(gè)圈去吸引游客”，D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為理論支持這些圈是由自然力量完成的”。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來(lái)自外太空的生物正試圖與人類(lèi)交流”，B選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來(lái)自外太空的生物已經(jīng)訪問(wèn)過(guò)地球”，C選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著確實(shí)存在奇怪的飛行物”，D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”；題干問(wèn)：這些圈圈意味著什么。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段說(shuō)了Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.（許多人相信是外太空的生物制造了這些圓圈。一些人認(rèn)為外太空的生物試圖與我們交流，而這些圓圈是他們的信息。其他人相信存在實(shí)際上已經(jīng)登陸地球的生物和圓圈是他們的宇宙飛船留下的印記。）但是這些都是人們的推測(cè)，目前科學(xué)家并沒(méi)有給出明確的結(jié)論，因此A、B、C都不對(duì)，答案為D。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)：科學(xué)家們?cè)?990年夏天唯一感到高興的事情可能是？C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”，根據(jù)題干我們定位到倒數(shù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話：Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.（這些圓圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他們開(kāi)心的事是C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”。A選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些圓圈是如何形成的”，B選項(xiàng)“他們借助最新的高科技設(shè)備看到了這些圓圈”，D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”。

5.文章標(biāo)題題。題干讓我們給文章找一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)未解之謎”，B選項(xiàng)“奇怪的飛行物”，C選項(xiàng)“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)全文我們知道，這個(gè)怪圈的謎底我們到目前都沒(méi)有解開(kāi)，因此它是一個(gè)未解之謎，D選項(xiàng)過(guò)于淺顯，不能總結(jié)全文的含義，因此答案為A。

2.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開(kāi)頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個(gè)國(guó)家和文化，無(wú)論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國(guó)一樣年輕，都有一段對(duì)市場(chǎng)和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個(gè)例子來(lái)論證一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化或歷史會(huì)影響市場(chǎng)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.了解歷史可以使?fàn)I銷(xiāo)人員以一種更微妙的方式接近文化，這肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)日程表的調(diào)整?！笨芍倘肆私庖粋€(gè)國(guó)家的文化或歷史很重要。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員可能會(huì)把他們自己的業(yè)務(wù)帶入到這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他們應(yīng)該注意把自己與他們的個(gè)人和文化歷史分開(kāi)，至少在情感上是這樣?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員應(yīng)該把自己與個(gè)人和文化歷史分開(kāi)?！闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.然而，這種喜悅并不能阻止南非公司在談判時(shí)利用對(duì)手的內(nèi)疚感?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“南非的公司利用了他們對(duì)手的負(fù)罪感”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.在政治方面，越南和美國(guó)之間的關(guān)系就是一個(gè)典型的例子，兩國(guó)商人在做生意的時(shí)候會(huì)誤解對(duì)方的歷史和文化?！币约啊癟heVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,越南人認(rèn)為美國(guó)商界會(huì)向他們大量投資，以彌補(bǔ)過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤，”可知ABD三項(xiàng)均正確，C項(xiàng)“越南和美國(guó)的關(guān)系是一個(gè)忘記過(guò)去的好例子?！迸c原文不符，越南和美國(guó)的關(guān)系是由于雙方商人對(duì)于對(duì)方的歷史和文化的誤解。故答案C。

3.單選題

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”；B選項(xiàng)orientation“定位；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”。句意：最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)也能使用地球磁場(chǎng)作為定位的輔助手段。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Wemustalsounderstandhowto（）betweenwhatshouldberememberedandwhatshouldbeforgotten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentiate

B.distinct

C.disengage

D.entangle

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞解析。differentiate“區(qū)別，區(qū)分”；distinct“明顯的”；disengage“使脫離，解開(kāi)”，entangle“使糾纏，卷人”。句意：我們必須明白將需要記住的事和需要忘掉的事區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Oncloser______,however,theplacehassubtlemarksofdistinction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspection

B.inspiration

C.expectation

D.execution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspection“視察，檢查”；B選項(xiàng)inspiration“靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)expectation“期待；預(yù)期；指望”；D選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行，實(shí)行；完成；死刑”。句意：然而，仔細(xì)觀察，這個(gè)地方有微妙的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thecommitteeputseveryeffortintoenablingwomentospeakoutagainstsexualharassment,andtogethelpwhentheyarevictimsofit.Becausetheharassmentis（

）bysilence,women’svoicesmustbeheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persisted

B.impeded

C.divulged

D.sustained

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persist“堅(jiān)持；存留”；B選項(xiàng)impede“阻礙”；C選項(xiàng)divulge“泄露”；D選項(xiàng)sustain“維持；支撐”。句意：委員會(huì)盡一切努力使婦女能夠公開(kāi)反對(duì)性騷擾，并在她們受到性騷擾時(shí)得到幫助。因?yàn)樾则}擾是由沉默……的，所以必須傾聽(tīng)女性的聲音。由句意可知，是沉默使騷擾持續(xù)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

TheGreyhound______outsideofNewYorkBusStationat6p.m.andstartedforWashingtonD.C.at6:20p.m.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulledup

B.pulleddown

C.pulledout

D.pulledon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)pulledup“停下來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)pulleddown“推翻”；C選項(xiàng)pulledout“推翻”；D選項(xiàng)pulledon“穿”。句意：灰狗巴士下午6點(diǎn)在紐約公交車(chē)站外停下，6點(diǎn)20分開(kāi)往華盛頓特區(qū)。本句表示巴士停車(chē)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其中although與though只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。沒(méi)有despiteof這種表達(dá)，所以只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

36.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

39.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

40.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment.

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.主旨目的題。文章第一段是全文的主題段，前兩句的對(duì)比指出了文章的主旨，“Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”即大型工業(yè)的發(fā)展不代表工業(yè)研究投入的增加。從而得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞importantinventions定位到原文第一段第二句?！癆recentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來(lái)重要發(fā)明的研究顯示，超過(guò)一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的單個(gè)發(fā)明家的發(fā)明。）”從而得出本題答案。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.”指出，用于改善生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究只能由大型企業(yè)承擔(dān)，但在第三句“Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.”又指出，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)政府支出的用于工業(yè)研究的資金有一大部分用于防御項(xiàng)目，有人對(duì)這些研究是否會(huì)提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出質(zhì)疑。從而得出本題答案。

39.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第三段最后一句?！癇ycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工廠和資本設(shè)備投資的阻礙，往往積極追求新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴(kuò)大其市場(chǎng)份額。）”即可得出本題答案。

40.

細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。通過(guò)閱讀文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者的主要觀點(diǎn)是看好小公司的發(fā)展前途，所以削弱的話，必然是對(duì)小公司進(jìn)行負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，從而得出本題答案。

10.單選題

Radiationfromthesunis______bytheEarth’satmosphere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricked

B.distended

C.attenuated

D.oxidized

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pricked扎，刺痛，刺破B.distended膨脹，腫脹

C.attenuated衰減，減弱，使纖細(xì)D.oxidized氧化，生銹

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子的意思“來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的輻射被地球的大氣層______”，結(jié)合常識(shí)判斷可知，地球的大氣層能阻擋來(lái)自宇宙的大部分輻射，所以空格處填入C項(xiàng)，表示“減弱”符合句子語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)都不符合句子語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的輻射被地球的大氣層所減弱。

11.單選題

Thefootballerscoredwithsuch（

）thatthegoalkeeperdidn’tstandthechanceofsavingthegoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vein

B.veil

C.vicinity

D.velocity

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vein“血管”；B選項(xiàng)veil“面紗，面罩”；C選項(xiàng)vicinity“臨近，附近”；D選項(xiàng)velocity“速度”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“footballer足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守門(mén)員沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球”，可知空格部分意思為“速度”，句意為：這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)球如此快，以至于對(duì)方守門(mén)員沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)挽救進(jìn)球。正確答案選D。

12.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clockwise“順時(shí)針?lè)较虻亍?；B選項(xiàng)otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項(xiàng)elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項(xiàng)likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒(méi)顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項(xiàng)B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B選項(xiàng)infavorof“贊成”；C選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管，盡管”；D選項(xiàng)inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：這個(gè)目標(biāo)是用莊稼，野草甚至是動(dòng)物排泄物來(lái)（）為絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)提供動(dòng)力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機(jī)物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學(xué)物來(lái)充當(dāng)燃料的，所以答案選D。

14.單選題

Mrs.Affluenceiswidelyknownasa______whohasgivenmillionsofdollarstocharityandwhosegenerosityhashelpedcountlesspoorpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pauper

B.glutton

C.conformist

D.philanthropist

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pauper窮人，乞丐B.glutton暴食者，貪食者

C.conformist循規(guī)蹈矩的人D.philanthropist慈善者，博愛(ài)主義者

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾空格處的詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容“她捐獻(xiàn)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元給慈善團(tuán)體，她的慷慨行為已經(jīng)幫助了無(wú)數(shù)窮人”可知，空格處填入“慈善家”符合句意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

15.單選題

I（

）withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putin

B.putdown

C.puton

D.putup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在紐約市逗留期間和布朗一家人過(guò)了一夜。

短語(yǔ)辨析。Putin度過(guò)，消磨（時(shí)間等）;putdown寫(xiě)下，記錄;puton上演，演出;putup供給……住宿。因此D符合句意。

16.單選題

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要討論了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸濃度對(duì)紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育的影響

B.roleofthes