考研考博-英語-伊春職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-伊春職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Howaboutaglassoforangejuiceto（）yourthirst?

問題1選項

A.quench

B.quell

C.quash

D.quieten

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。quench“壓制，抑制，止（渴）”；quell“鎮(zhèn)壓，平息，壓制”；quash“取消；廢除；鎮(zhèn)壓”；quieten“安靜，撫慰”。句意：用杯橙汁來止渴怎么樣？選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.

Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?

3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.

問題1選項

A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.

B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.

C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.

D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.

問題2選項

A.Forfurniture.

B.Forfuel.

C.Forhousing.

D.Fornourishment.

問題3選項

A.tinyseeds

B.importantleaders

C.toweringtrees

D.Egyptianpyramids

問題4選項

A.Trees

B.Grandeurandmystery

C.Seasons

D.People’sspiritualhorizons

問題5選項

A.beeninexistencelonger

B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments

C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals

D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章講了樹木在歷史的發(fā)展，點出樹木對人的作用，所以B選項“縱觀歷史，樹木對人類很重要”正確。A選項“樹長得很高”和D選項“生長在加州的樹很古老”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。C選項“樹讓人看起來更優(yōu)越”文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.（樹木為人類提供了溫暖的爐火：它們提供了住所、食物、藥品甚至衣服。），所以這里提到了B選項“作為燃料”，C選項“建房子”和D選項“吸收其營養(yǎng)”，沒有提到A選項“做成家具”。因此A選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.（大約在建造埃及金字塔的時候，它們從微小的種子中發(fā)芽。今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠和難以接近，就像支撐天空的大教堂柱子。），可知這些“巨大的家長”生長在巖石和懸崖上，就像大教堂柱子一樣高，所以C選項“高聳的樹木”正確，A選項“小小的種子”和D選項“埃及金字塔”錯誤。B選項“重要的領袖”文中沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.（樹木表現(xiàn)了生命的宏偉和神秘，因為它們在季節(jié)的循環(huán)中移動，從生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它們”指的是A選項“樹木”，B選項“宏偉和神秘”和C選項“四季”錯誤。D選項“人們的精神視野”：根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.（它們還塑造了人們的精神視野。），這里的“它們”也指樹木，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.（今天，這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠和難以接近……很難想象他們會在人類的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他們腳下的生物的任何影響。），可知相比于紅杉樹，其他樹木更貼近人類生活，所以D選項“與人有更密切的關系”正確。A選項“存在更久”，B選項“更容易適應環(huán)境”和C選項“更容易受到動物的影響”文中沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問題1選項

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問題2選項

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問題3選項

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問題4選項

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問題5選項

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個問題一直以來都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見放在一邊，采取一些措施來解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長唐福斯特暗示，財政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會對地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長們還應著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對已注冊供應商從收入中為新開發(fā)項目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個事實：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應這個正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項正確。

5.單選題

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（細微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

問題1選項

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

問題2選項

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

問題3選項

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

問題4選項

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

問題5選項

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文主要講述了不同人士（Joseph，電腦老師等）對黑客的看法，故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.從這個角度來看，黑客現(xiàn)象也許并沒有那么奇怪?？芍擃}答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情。麻省理工學院教授邁克爾?德圖佐斯表示:“在麻省理工學院，那個曾經(jīng)不得不被人從椅子上拽下來的黑客，如今已成為計算機行業(yè)的千萬富翁?！眱晌磺昂诳统蔀榱朔浅３晒Φ奶O果家用電腦公司的創(chuàng)始人?！笨芍@些黑客都成為了計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士，他們都是想控制電腦。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情?！笨芍狢項“這些黑客可能對于未來比其他人有更好的洞察力”正確。

4.詞義題。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她說，電腦和電腦玩具已經(jīng)在孩子們努力發(fā)展特性的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用，因為它們可以讓孩子們測試關于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通過尋找答案來發(fā)展自己的特性。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。作者在本文提到了黑客有著與普通人不一樣的洞察力，他們會把程序編得很復雜，目的只是為了控制電腦。并且文中提到了不少黑客已經(jīng)成為計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客與大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描繪的黑客形象并沒有那么惡劣。故A項正確。

6.翻譯題

改革開放是國家發(fā)展進步的根本動力。我國改革已進入攻堅階段，必須進一步解放思想，全面推進經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會等領域的改革，不斷把改革引向深入。要進一步完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，形成各種所有制經(jīng)濟依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護的體制環(huán)境。深化國有企業(yè)改革以及重點行業(yè)改革。

【答案】參考譯文：

ReformandopeninguparethefundamentalforcethatdrivesChina’sdevelopmentandprogress.Chinahasenteredacrucialstageofreform,andwemustfurtheremancipateourminds;carryoutall-aroundeconomic,political,culturalandsocialreforms;andconstantlydeepenthem.Weneedtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldunwaveringlyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector,soastofosterastructuralenvironmentinwhicheconomicentitiesunderdifferentformsofownershiphaveequalaccesstofactorsofproductioninaccordancewiththelaw,competeonalevelplayingfieldandenjoyequallegalprotection.Weshoulddeepenreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandkeyindustries.

7.單選題

Thishouseneeds______.Iwillcalltherepaircompanytomorrow.

問題1選項

A.tobepaint

B.painting

C.topainting

D.painted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞用法。句意：這房子需要維修。我明天給維修公司打電話。根據(jù)語境，這里是指房子需要被維修，某人/某物需要被做某事用sb./sth.needdoing，所以B選項painting符合題意，故正確。sb.needtodo表示某人需要做某事，表示主動意味，所以A選項tobepaint不符合用法。其余選項語法錯誤。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Whentheclasswasover,theywentbacktotheir（

）dormitories.

問題1選項

A.complacent

B.respectable

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complacent意為“自滿的，自鳴得意的”；respectable意為“得體的，值得尊敬的”；respective意為“各自的，分別的”；respectful意為“有禮貌的”。

句意：下課后，他們回到各自的宿舍去了。

9.翻譯題

諸位畢業(yè)同學，你們現(xiàn)在要離開母校了，我沒有什么禮物送你們，只好送你們一句話罷。這一句話是“不要拋棄學問?！币郧暗墓φn也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑，不得已而做的，從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強的時候，努力做一種專門學問。少年是一去不復返的，等到精力衰竭時，要做學問也來不及了。即為吃飯計，學問決不會辜負人的。吃飯而不求學問，三年五年之后，你們都要被后來少年淘汰掉的。到那時再想做點學問來補救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人說：“出去做事之后，生活急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實驗室，哪能做學問？”

我要對你們說：凡是要等到有了圖書館才讀書的，有了圖書館也不肯讀書。凡是要等到有實驗室方才做研究的，有了實驗室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個問題，自然會撙衣節(jié)食去買書，自然會想出法子來設置儀器。

【答案】DearStudentsoftheGraduatingClass:AsyouareleavingyourAlmaMater,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.”Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesmostlyforobtainingthediploma,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowonyouarefreetofollowyourownbentinthechoiceofstudies.Whileyouareintheprimeoflife,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstudy?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn;anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholdingajob,youwillinacoupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoremedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.

Some?people?say,?“Once?you?have?a?job,?youwill?come?up?against?the?urgentproblem?of?making?a?living.?How?can?you?manage?to?find?time?to?study??Even?if?you?want?to,?will?it?be?possible?with?no?library?or?no?laboratory?available?”

Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.

10.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.ludicrous

B.logical

C.frail

D.valiant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐的”，B項logical“邏輯的”，C項frail“脆弱的，虛弱的”，D項valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”。根據(jù)關鍵詞thin“薄的，瘦的”和easilybreached“很容易被打破”，可知填入C項符合語境。句意：人類是一種非常脆弱的生物，因為掩蓋恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，而且經(jīng)常很容易被打破。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Iwishit（）stopraining.

問題1選項

A.hadto

B.did

C.would

D.might

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查時態(tài)。希望將來發(fā)生的事在wish后的賓語從句中用過去將來時。句意：我希望雨會停。因此，C選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問題2選項

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問題3選項

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問題4選項

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問題5選項

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因為尚未制定出針對外科手術進步的立法）可知A選項“大多數(shù)國家沒有關于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進行，可能無法及時聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵人們在其遺囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項“應該鼓勵人們在死后捐獻器官”和C選項“器官移植應該提倡，因為它有利于人類社會”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”?！癷mpair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會……潛在供者的正常復蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項最符合邏輯關系。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復蘇的標準方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認為除此之外，努力復蘇是無用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。

13.單選題

Theplanforthenewofficetowerwentahead（）oflocalopposition.

問題1選項

A.onaccount

B.inthelight

C.out

D.regardless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：新建辦公樓的計劃已經(jīng)提前啟動，當?shù)鼐用竦姆磳Αnaccount因為；inthelight因為，依據(jù)；out出于；regardless不管。根據(jù)后半句，當?shù)鼐用穹磳?，還是提前啟動了計劃，因此選D。

14.翻譯題

Understandingthistransitionrequiresalookatthetwo-sidedconnectionbetweenenergyandhumanwell-being.Energycontributespositivelytowell-beingbyprovidingsuchconsumerservicesasheatingandlightingaswellasservingasanecessaryinputtoeconomicproduction.Butthecostsofenergy—includingnotonlythemoneyandotherresourcesdevotedtoobtainingandexploitingit,butalsoenvironmentalandsociopoliticalimpacts—detractfromwell-being.

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitsideoftheenergy-well-beingequation.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesormoreoftenofthetechnologiesandorganizationsforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitsandhenceinconvenience,deprivationandconstraintsongrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Afterdecadesofconstancyordeclineinmonetarycosts—andofrelegationofenvironmentalandsociopoliticalcoststosecondarystatus—energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobeprobablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsoninsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

【答案】參考譯文：要理解這種轉(zhuǎn)變，需要考察一下能源和人類幸福之間的雙重關系。從積極的方面來看，能源促進了人類幸福，不但服務了經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)，而且為人類提供了消費服務，如供熱和照明等。但另一方面，能源的成本卻破壞了人類的幸福，它不但包括投入開采和應用能源的資金和其他資源，而且包括能源對環(huán)境和社會政治所造成的影響。

在人類歷史的大部分時間里，其主要關注的是能源和幸福關系的積極方面，能源短缺或者是更為常見的是在開采、轉(zhuǎn)化和分配能源的技術和組織上的不足減少了能源的積極作用，從而產(chǎn)生能源使用的不便，能源使用權(quán)利被剝奪，其發(fā)展也受到限制。20世紀70年代是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。此前的幾十年中能源的資金成本一直保持穩(wěn)定甚至有所下降，環(huán)境和社會政治成本在屈居幾十年的次要地位之后，能源在各個方面的成本都在增加。能源使用代價過高的危害可以同能源短缺的危害相提并論。也有可能出現(xiàn)提供某些能源供應所付出的代價要大于獲得的利益這種情況。

15.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;a