考研考博-英語(yǔ)-義烏工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-義烏工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Manyexpatriatewritersoften______theirsocializedbehaviorwiththedominantcultureoftheirown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collaborated

B.attached

C.tied

D.identified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)collaborate“合作，勾結(jié)，通敵”，B項(xiàng)attach“使依附，貼上”，C項(xiàng)tie“（用線、繩等）系，系牢，打結(jié)”，D項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞并和介詞with搭配使用，由關(guān)鍵詞socializedbehavior“社會(huì)化行為”和thedominantcultureoftheirown“他們自己的主導(dǎo)文化”可知，identify…with…“認(rèn)為……密切相關(guān)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：許多旅居國(guó)外的作家經(jīng)常將他們的社會(huì)化行為與他們自己的主導(dǎo)文化聯(lián)系起來(lái)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相識(shí)；了解”；accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”；access“進(jìn)入；通道；有使用權(quán)”，與介詞to搭配；acquisition“獲得物，獲得”。句意：這套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了讓學(xué)生能快速并且容易使用圖書(shū)館資源。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B選項(xiàng)putinfor“申請(qǐng)”；C選項(xiàng)putoutto“拿出去”；D選項(xiàng)putinon沒(méi)有此搭配。句意：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你打算在老板退休后申請(qǐng)（接替）她的職位。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moderate

B.minimum

C.medium

D.middle

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)moderate“有節(jié)制的”，B項(xiàng)minimum“最小的”，C項(xiàng)medium“中間的”，D項(xiàng)middle“中等的”；句意：特別提到的是，在研究最初，認(rèn)知正常，飲酒適度的人表現(xiàn)出對(duì)老年癡呆更好的防御能力。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者說(shuō)“人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)正在推動(dòng)這一趨勢(shì)”是什么意思？’根據(jù)第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963歲之間的人--嬰兒潮一代--將占美國(guó)人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這一受過(guò)教育、有健康意識(shí)、叛逆和相對(duì)富裕的隊(duì)伍符合傳統(tǒng)的素食主義?！贝_定題目中此話的意思是指C選項(xiàng)“素食主義者的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)是由于老年人人數(shù)的增加”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)“為什么南希?羅伯茨會(huì)生??？”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53歲的資深雜志編輯南希?羅伯茨，發(fā)現(xiàn)她做了很多人在假期會(huì)做的事：過(guò)度沉迷于吃豐富的食物。”確定A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗粤颂嘭S富的食物”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘南希?羅伯茨是如何從病中康復(fù)的？根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，羅伯茨在同一命期被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了。”確定B選項(xiàng)“在家吃些素食”正確。

6.單選題

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生皺著眉頭，……那個(gè)他要做的手術(shù)。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“決定不”；goonwith“繼續(xù)”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根據(jù)“withhisbrowsknitted”可知醫(yī)生正在思考，因此劃線單詞的意思是“沉思”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear（）thanautomobileaccidents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sevenmoretimes

B.overseventimes

C.seventimesmore

D.seventimes

【答案】C

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。由句意可知，吸煙對(duì)個(gè)人健康的危害如此之大，每年導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)是汽車(chē)事故的7倍。而倍數(shù)的常用表達(dá)形式為：A+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+B，由此可知，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Herinterestingrowingflowerskepther（

）forthewholeweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.occupational

B.occupant

C.preoccupied

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occupational“職業(yè)的”；B選項(xiàng)occupant“居住者”；C選項(xiàng)preoccupied“全神貫注的”；D選項(xiàng)occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”。由題干“對(duì)種花很感興趣”才會(huì)使得她忙碌整個(gè)星期，occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”符合題意。句意為：她對(duì)種花很有興趣，這使她整整忙碌了一個(gè)星期。故正確答案選D。

9.翻譯題

1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.

2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts，itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.

3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications

4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.

【答案】1.醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用是美國(guó)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而且，正如大多數(shù)人從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道的那樣，藥價(jià)是問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重的一部分。

2.雖然藥物支出僅占總醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的12%，年率上升10%到12%——超過(guò)通貨膨脹率的四倍，很快就會(huì)超越醫(yī)生診療費(fèi)用，成為第二大醫(yī)療保健法案的一部分，改變住院費(fèi)用。

3.私人保險(xiǎn)公司與制造商討價(jià)還價(jià)，爭(zhēng)取他們承保的藥品的折扣，但制藥業(yè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直阻撓聯(lián)邦政府的這類(lèi)努力。

4.這個(gè)問(wèn)題正達(dá)到危機(jī)的程度——如果不進(jìn)行大膽的改革，它將變得更糟。

5.事實(shí)是，2002年，美國(guó)前十大制藥公司的利潤(rùn)率中值為17%，而其他財(cái)富500強(qiáng)行業(yè)的利潤(rùn)率中值不到3.1%。

10.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。initiate“開(kāi)始，創(chuàng)造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共謀，協(xié)力”；negotiate“談判，交涉”。句意：政府決定對(duì)毒品致死人數(shù)的增加進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。enrolling登記,

招收；dedicating獻(xiàn)身,

致力，后面一般接介詞to;reclaiming開(kāi)拓,

開(kāi)墾；

pursuing從事,

進(jìn)行。句意：過(guò)去，大多數(shù)護(hù)林員都是男性，但今天，從事這一領(lǐng)域的女性人數(shù)正在攀升。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Youareanintelligentandarticulateperson.Youhavenoproblemgivingalucidpresentation,deliveringaneloquentspeechorparticipatinginapoliticaldebate.Youstriveformeaningfulconversationsandhavenopatiencewhatsoeverforsmalltalk.“Theweatherisnice,isn’tit?”Really,whocares?

Althoughseeminglytrivialandsuperficial,smalltalkisthestartingpointofallrelationships.Romancesandfriendshipsbeginwithsmalltalk.Inamorepragmaticlight,youcan’tavoidit.Gettingajob,workingwithcolleagues,winningnewclients—allofitrequiressmalltalk.Americanscallitthe“GiftofGab”.Wanttobesuccessful?You’dbetteracquirethisgift.AnarticleontheForbes,websitelistsafewreasonswhysmalltalkissoimportantforone’scareer.Notonlydoessmalltalkmakeusmorelikeable;inone’scareer,smalltalkisalsoa“freeoption”.

Itcanleadtoahostofoutcomes,fromamerelypleasantexchangetothesigningofamultimilliondollarbusinessdeal,saysthearticle.

Inatimewhereabigpartofourliveshasmovedonline,theartofsmalltalkiselusiveandmysterious.Theawkwardexperienceoffeelinglikeatotaloutsideratasocialfunction,suchasacompanyeventoradinnerparty,issharedbymanyofus.

Badsmalltalkerstendtodominatetheconversation.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheirfavoritetopic,whetherit’sfootballorhowclevertheirkidsare.Theythinktheyarebeingsocialbecausetheyaretalking.Buttheyaretalkingtosomebody,notwithsomeone.Suchpeopleoftengivetheimpressionofbeingself-centeredandinconsiderate.

【答案】你聰明機(jī)靈，口齒伶俐。給出清晰的報(bào)告、發(fā)表滔滔不絕的演講、參加政治辯論，你無(wú)所不能。你在這些有意義的語(yǔ)言會(huì)話上花費(fèi)心思，卻對(duì)閑聊嗤之以鼻?！敖裉焯鞖獠诲e(cuò)，是吧？”說(shuō)實(shí)在的，誰(shuí)關(guān)心呢？

雖然看似瑣碎膚淺，但閑聊卻是建立一切關(guān)系的切入點(diǎn)。愛(ài)情和友誼都始于閑聊。更實(shí)際一點(diǎn)考慮的話，你不可能避免閑聊。求職、與同事共事、攻下新客戶，這些都離不開(kāi)閑聊。

美國(guó)人稱(chēng)之為“能說(shuō)會(huì)道”。你想成功？那么你最好具備這項(xiàng)口才。為了說(shuō)明閑聊對(duì)于個(gè)人事業(yè)的重要性，《福布斯》網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章給出了一系列解釋。閑聊不僅能讓我們更討人喜歡，對(duì)于個(gè)人事業(yè)而言，閑聊也是一種“免費(fèi)期權(quán)”。文章中指出，閑聊能產(chǎn)生一系列的效果，有時(shí)不僅僅是一場(chǎng)愉快的交流，甚至還可以達(dá)成數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的交易。

在這個(gè)生活逐步網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的吋代，閑聊的藝術(shù)不可思議又難以捉摸。我們中的很多人都曾有過(guò)在公司活動(dòng)、宴會(huì)等社交場(chǎng)合中上化身“局外人”的尷尬經(jīng)歷。

不抱長(zhǎng)閑聊的人往往想要在談話中占據(jù)主動(dòng)。他們花費(fèi)過(guò)多的時(shí)間來(lái)談?wù)撓矚g的話題，無(wú)論是討論足球還是夸獎(jiǎng)他們的孩子有多么聰穎過(guò)人。他們認(rèn)為滔滔不絕就代表善于交際。但是他們說(shuō)話的對(duì)象是些重要人物，而并非普通人。這樣的人通常會(huì)給人留下以自我為中心、不替他人著想的印象。

13.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類(lèi)感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動(dòng)的前提和準(zhǔn)備。”可知C項(xiàng)“如果世界沒(méi)有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對(duì)于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普遍的動(dòng)機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的過(guò)程，通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程，原始的感覺(jué)被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)?！贝鸢窧

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個(gè)觀察者從不同的角度來(lái)看待每一個(gè)對(duì)象和信息。每個(gè)人都會(huì)注意到一些特征而忽略其他的。”可知D項(xiàng)正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會(huì)不同?！笨芍恼伦髡叩膶?xiě)作目的是表明事物的含義都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

14.案例題

"Useitorloseit"isthenewapproachtobackpain.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeena（1）changeinthewaydoctorstreatthismostcommondisease.Weeksormonthsofrestinbed一the（2）methodoftreatmentforsolong—arenowthoughttobesurelyharmful.Musclesbecomesoft,jointsbecome（3）andwhatstartedoutasa（4）acuteconditionquicklyturnsintoacontinuingdisability.Farbetter,accordingtocurrentthinking,istoputupwithalittlepainandgetmoving.

Thechangehasnothappenedovernight.Foryears,somespecialistshavehadan（5）feelingthatbedrestwasnottheanswer.Butwhatfinallyputanendto（6）bedrestwasastudyofmorethan200patientswhoweretreatedforbackpaininaclinicinTaxes.Notonlydidpatientswhohadtwodays'bedrestdototallyaswellasthosegivensevendays,they（7）onlyhalfasmuchtimealtogether（8）work.

Asaresultofthestudy,expertsnowrecommendthat（9）anyonewithacutebackpainshouldspendmorethanafewdays（10）down.Afterthatshouldcomeaprogramofgradually（11）exercise,probablyaccompaniedbysome（12）treatmentssuchasmassage,heatorultrasound.

Becauseofhospitalwaitinglists,mostpeoplehavetowaitseveralweeksbeforereceivingthetreatmenttheyneeD.Unfortunatelythiswaitisoftenspentinbedorinactivefor（13）ofdoingfurtherdamagetotheback.Ithasbeenestimatedthatforeverydayaninjuredmuscleisresteditlosesatleastonepercentofits（14）.Stayinbedfortwoorthreeweeksanditwillbefar（15）torebuildadamagedmuscle.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

temporary

fear

extend

passiver

equire

substantial

count

instinctive

increase

lie

permanent

hardly

stiff

stick

adopt

hard

current

strength

off

standard

【答案】1.substantial。

2.passive

3.stiff

4.temporary

5.instinctive

6.lie

7.require

8.hard

9.current

10.adopting

11.strength

12.standard

13.fear

14.count

15.permanent

【解析】1.結(jié)合上下文及句意可知,既然是新方法,那么治療這種疾病的方式自然是有了很大的變化。故答案為substantial。

2.根據(jù)前面的Weeksormonthsofrestinbed可推斷,這種治療方法是"被動(dòng)的"。故答案為passive。

3.結(jié)合上文可知填空處應(yīng)填入與soft相對(duì)的形容詞,stiff呆板的;堅(jiān)硬的,符合原文句意。故答案為stiff。

4.根據(jù)下文的"continuing"可知,填空處應(yīng)指"暫時(shí)的急性癥狀",故答案為temporary。

5.instinctive與feeling搭配意為"直覺(jué)",符合語(yǔ)義。故為答案為instinctive。

6.根據(jù)原文句意可知,這里指結(jié)束臥床休息的研究。liebedrest指"臥床休息"。故答案為lie。

7.根據(jù)原文句意：兩天臥床休息的病人不僅和七天臥床休息的病人完全一樣,而且他們總共只需要努力工作時(shí)間的一半。故答案為require。

8.hard與work構(gòu)成固定搭配,意為"努力工作"。

9.分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義,填空處應(yīng)填入與now意思相近的形容詞,故current（目前）符合要求。

10.根據(jù)原文可知,這里指"花時(shí)間適應(yīng)背疼的情況",spend后接doing形式。故答案為adopting。

11.此處指"力量運(yùn)動(dòng)"。故答案為strength。

12.根據(jù)下文的suchasmassage,heatorultrasound可知,這里是對(duì)治療的具體舉例,standardtreatments表述合理。故答案為standard。

13.forfearof為固定短語(yǔ),意為"生怕,以免。"

14.根據(jù)上下文及句意可知,這里指"總數(shù)的百分之一"。故答案為count.

15.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"far"推斷,填空處應(yīng)填入的形容詞表示需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,permanent符合原文。故答案為permanent。

15.單選題

Theplantoallowthereadingpublictorente-books,muchastheyrentmovies,hasprovedsomuchmorecontentiousthanitspioneer,theformerWaterstonesmanagingdirectorTimCoates,hadhoped.

ThatpublishersareverycautiousoftheideaofhisnewBilbarye-rentalventure,whichlaunchedthisweek,isperhapsnotentirelysurprising:althoughthee-rentalsautomaticallydeletethemselveswhentheborrowingtimeexpires,theyfeartheschememightharmsales.

Lesscontroversial,however,isMrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.Hundredsofthenation’s4,000publiclibrariesareatrisk;andcampaigners’attemptstopersuadecourtsandcouncilstokeepthemopenarelargelyfailing.

Closinglibrariesisinevitable,theargumentgoes,inanerawhentwooutofthreeBritishhomeshaveacomputer.Butthatisfarfromthewholestory.While200millionbooksaresoldeveryyear,morethan310millionareborrowed.Theone-in-threehomeswithoutacomputerarethoseofthenation’spoorerchildren,manyofwhomlivewithoutevenatableatwhichtheycandotheirhomework.ItiswithonlythemildestexaggerationthatAlanBennett,theplaywrightandcampaigner,describestheclosureoflibrariesasanactof“childabuse”.

Tosome,theword“l(fā)ibrary”conjuresonlynegativeassociations,anirrelevantanachronisminanincreasinglydigitalworld.Butagoodlibraryisfarmorethanjustaplacetostorebooks.Itisagatewaytoknowledge,aplacewellabletoadapttothecomputerageandindoingsosupportthecuriosity,studyandresearchofnewgenerations.

Thereare,ofcourse,somelibrariesthatareunfitforpurpose.Butthosethatusedigitaltechnologiesasanaide,ratherthantreatthemasathreat,morethanholdtruetotheircorepurpose.Andthosethathavemadetheleapareseeingvisitornumbersrise,notfall.Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.WecanonlyhopethatMr.Coates’supportcanhelpmanyofthemtodoso.

1.Theargumentabouttheclosingoflibrariesstemsfrom（）.

2.Theword“anachronism”inPara.5mightmean（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardclosinglibrariescanbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefallofsaleofbooks

B.theadventofdigitaltechnologies

C.thegovernmentbudgetcut

D.theworldeconomicrecession

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.chronologicalerror

B.phonologicalerror

C.etymologicalerror

D.historicalerror

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Somepeoplebelievethatlibrariesareoutofdateindigitalage.

B.IntheUK,oneoutofthreehomesdon’thavecomputers.

C.Itisinevitablethatdigitallibrarieswillreplacetheexistinglibraries.

D.Somelibrariesneedintroducingdigitaltechnologiesasanaid.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“MrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.”科茨先生慷慨承諾將Bilbary的大部分利潤(rùn)捐贈(zèng)給那些開(kāi)放受到政府預(yù)算削減威脅的圖書(shū)館。由此可知,關(guān)于關(guān)閉圖書(shū)館的爭(zhēng)論源于政府的預(yù)算削減,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文句意:對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō),“圖書(shū)館”這個(gè)詞只會(huì)讓人聯(lián)想到負(fù)面的聯(lián)想,在這個(gè)日益數(shù)字化的世界里,這是一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)緊要的時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)“anincreasinglydigitalworld”可以推測(cè),時(shí)代在變化,所以這里指的是時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.原文最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.”英國(guó)的圖書(shū)館不需要關(guān)閉,但是可能需要改變。所以,選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。

4.作者在最后一段提到,英國(guó)的圖書(shū)館不需要關(guān)閉,但是可能需要改變。這體現(xiàn)了作者的中立態(tài)度。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareco