考研考博-英語-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Veryyoungchildrenwithnoreadingexperiencemayastoundtheirparentswiththefirstwordstheyread,suchasadepartmentstoresignannouncingBigSale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amaze

B.please

C.convey

D.bother

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。astound表示“使驚駭，使震驚”；A項(xiàng)amaze“使吃驚”，B項(xiàng)please“使喜歡，使高興，使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)convey“傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸，讓與”，D項(xiàng)bother“煩擾，打擾，使……不安”。句意：沒有閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的幼兒第一次讀到的單詞可能會(huì)讓他們的父母感到震驚，比如百貨商店的招牌上寫著“大減價(jià)”。因此，根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thepresident'sspeechwasso

thatmanypeoplewerepersuadedtoaccepttheneedforchange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressive

B.inherent

C.eloquent

D.frequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。expressive“表現(xiàn)的”；inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”；eloquent“雄辯的，有口才的”；frequent“頻繁的”。句意：總統(tǒng)的演講非常有說服力，以至于許多人都被說服接受了變革的必要性。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

經(jīng)過改革開放30多年的努力，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)，國民生產(chǎn)總值大幅提升。中國人口多、底子薄，面臨城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)等問題。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)還需要長期艱苦奮斗。中國面臨的問題只有通過發(fā)展才能解決。我們將堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，努力推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展。

【答案】Overthepast30yearssincereformandopening-up,China’seconomyhasenjoyedcontinuousgrowthanditsGDPhasrisentoamuchhigherlevel.China,acountrywithabigpopulationandweakeconomicfoundation,isconfrontedwithsomechallenges,includingdevelopmentdisparitiesbetweentheurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions,inadequateinnovationcapabilitiesandsoon.Toachievemodernization,wemustmakepersistentandstrenuouseffort.Andwecanonlyovercomeourdifficultiesthroughdevelopment.Wewillcontinuetotakedevelopmentasourtoppriorityandmakeeveryefforttoachievesoundandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.

4.單選題

Withoutproperlesson,youcould（

）alotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getup

B.pickup

C.drawup

D.catchup

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)恼n程，你在彈鋼琴時(shí)可能會(huì)養(yǎng)成很多壞習(xí)慣?！芍绢}考查up的動(dòng)詞短語的詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)getup意為“起床”；B選項(xiàng)pickup意為“撿起”，與habit等搭配也意為“養(yǎng)成，學(xué)會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)drawup意為“起草”；D選項(xiàng)catchup意為“趕上”。根據(jù)句意和空后的alotofbadhabits可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Asfarasmarriageisconcerned,itismutualcareandlovethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mounts

B.discounts

C.counts

D.calculates

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mount“增加，上升”，如mountingdifficulty（困難越來越多）；B選項(xiàng)discount“打折”；C選項(xiàng)count“有價(jià)值或重要的”，如whatcountsisexperience.（重要的是經(jīng)驗(yàn)）；D選項(xiàng)calculate“計(jì)算”。句意：就婚姻而言，（）是相互關(guān)心和愛。A、B、D都不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“推翻”；B選項(xiàng)“超過”；C選項(xiàng)“抵消，彌補(bǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)“壓迫”。句意：然而金屬制品工業(yè)能夠（）鋼鐵工業(yè)的衰退。由于金屬制成品產(chǎn)業(yè)和鋼鐵工業(yè)不存在競爭關(guān)系，甚至?xí)嬖谀撤N互補(bǔ)關(guān)系，所以A，B，D排除，答案選C。

7.單選題

Ontopofthebarrenhill（）apagoda,whichwasn’treallythattallwhenseenonlevelground.Viewedatthefootofthehill,however,itsureseemedlikealittleTowerofBabel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.erected

C.stood

D.squatted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prompted“促進(jìn)；激起”；B選項(xiàng)erected“使直立；豎立”；C選項(xiàng)stood“豎立著”；D選項(xiàng)squatted“蹲坐”。句意：荒山頂上……一座寶塔，從平地上看并不算高。然而，但是從山腳下看過去猶如一個(gè)小小通天塔。關(guān)鍵詞pagoda“寶塔”，意思是在山頂上有一座寶塔，其中的動(dòng)詞還可以替換為矗立著，豎立著進(jìn)行替換。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.adjusted

C.alternated

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)embrace“擁抱”；B選項(xiàng)adjust“調(diào)整”；C選項(xiàng)alternate“交替，輪流”；D選項(xiàng)integrate“使完整”。句意：這門課程吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一是實(shí)際工作與學(xué)科理論方面結(jié)合的方法。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（

）theactiononthescreen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contaminate“污染”；compliment“恭維”；contemplate“沉思，注視”；complement“補(bǔ)充”。句意：電影導(dǎo)演用音樂來補(bǔ)充熒幕上的動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情達(dá)理的”；hesitant“遲疑的，猶豫不定的”；intuitive“直覺的，憑直覺獲知的”。句意：人類是有直覺的，這讓他們在找不到合適的理由時(shí)也能做決定。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為公眾對于沖突的理解過于簡單。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語來評估。高管們認(rèn)為，共識而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)?！笨芍麢C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的?？紤]到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性，高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?！笨芍诜怯詸C(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Whenthehostessreceivedmycomplimentonhernewcar,sherespondedwithgreatpleasureabouthowthecarisa（）buy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modest

B.choice

C.superior

D.eloquent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:modest“謙虛的”；B:choice“精選的”；C:superior“優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D:eloquent“意味深長的”。句意：當(dāng)女主人聽到我對她新車的贊美，她高興地對我講起來這輛車是如何精心挑選的。結(jié)合此處句意，故B為正確答案。

13.單選題

Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld,hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury.Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno.

MichaelTenet,headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinAtlanta,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.“Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s,therehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasaforceforgood,”hesaid.“Incomesinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated.Withoutfurtherinterventionbygovernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia.”

YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.“Economicliberalization,increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun,evenifmarketmechanismscanproduceshort-termdestabilizationproblems,”hesaid.“Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelofincome.”

Othersfeelthatglobalization’sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.“Mostoftheworld’sdialectswillbecomeextinctunderglobalization.We’repavingtheworldwithMcDonald’sandEnglishslang.Ittearsmeupinside,”shesaid.

Governmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization.TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreaterfreetrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment.Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelopingnations,havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.

“WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof,”saysoneSingaporeanresident.“Nowourcountryhasdevelopedintoaboominghubforinternationalfinance.”O(jiān)thers,however,arenotsooptimistic.“Globalizationisanevilforcethatmustbehalted,”aunionofficialatacarplantinDetroitrecentlycommented,“It’ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourcountry.”

1.Asforglobalization,MichaelTenet’sattitudetoitismostprobablytobein（）.

2.TheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationarequite（）.

3.WhenmentioningJaniceYawed,theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,differentcountriesconsiderglobalizationas（）.

5.Thetitlewhichbestexpressesthemainideaofthetextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.firmsupport

B.cautiousapproval

C.greatanxiety

D.strongrepentance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.identical

C.worrying

D.contrary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.herlocalcultureandlanguage

B.theculturalimplicationsofglobalization

C.McDonald’sandEnglishslang

D.theeconomicimpactofglobalization

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.amixedblessing

B.anevilforce

C.anactivestimulus

D.aninterventionintheirdomesticaffairs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DisadvantagesofGlobalizationinEconomicArea

B.People’sResponsestotheImpactsofGlobalization

C.InfluenceofGlobalizationontheEconomyandCulture

D.DifferentRolesofGlobalizationintheDevelopmentofEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelTenet”定位到第二段第一句“MichaelTenet,...,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.”說明MichaelTenet對全球化的態(tài)度是擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)上題可知MichaelTenet對全球化感到擔(dān)憂，而根據(jù)第三段第一句“YetGeorgeFrank,aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet,seesnosuchdanger.”GeorgeFrank卻沒有察覺到這樣的危險(xiǎn)。說明兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度是截然相反的，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“JaniceYawed”定位到第四段第二句“JaniceYawed,anativeofAfrica,feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage.”JaniceYawed是非洲土著人，她強(qiáng)烈地感覺到全球化正在破壞當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕驼Z言。作者實(shí)際上是在說明全球化對文化的影響，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，不同國家的政府對全球化浪潮反應(yīng)不一樣。美國被普遍認(rèn)為是自由貿(mào)易的積極支持者，而且?guī)缀鯄艛嗔巳虻膴蕵罚哂芯薮蟮奈幕绊懥?。但是，其他國家，特別是歐洲和發(fā)展中國家，已經(jīng)設(shè)法減少全球化對其國內(nèi)事務(wù)的影響。也就是說，全球化有利也有弊，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的問題，接下來的幾段都是分別闡述人們乃至國家對全球化影響的反應(yīng)。所以選項(xiàng)B最能概括全文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.不管大家如何看待這些趨向，多方面的努力可以澄清一點(diǎn)：科研與教育的統(tǒng)一在聯(lián)邦政府和大學(xué)的議事日程上理應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮。

2.改革是企業(yè)充滿活力的基本。

3.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

4.他們想要說明，為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。

5.旅館業(yè)就憂慮旅館建得太多，不愁人太多。

【答案】1.Whateverwethinkofthesetrends,variouseffortscanclarifyonepoint:theunityofresearchandeducationshouldbeapriorityontheagendaofthefederalgovernmentsanduniversities.

2.Reformisthebasisforenterprisetobefullofvitality.

3.Nearvermilion，onegetsstainedpink;nearink,onegetsstainedblack.

4.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertainpersonalitytraitsandexhibitcertainbehaviors

5.Thehotelindustryworriesthattoomanyhotelsarebeingbuilt,ratherthantoomanypeople.

15.單選題

Nowhere,however,istheimportanceofthenationmoredramaticallydemonstratedthan（）nationalismasapoliticalcreed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepotencyof

B.thepotentof

C.inthepotencyof

D.inthepotential

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)定冠詞the，可知其后接名詞，potent“有效的”為形容詞，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)題意，可知theimportanceof“……的重要性”與空格中形成相互呼應(yīng)的成分，選項(xiàng)C和D可排除。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld’seconomicproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。cometo達(dá)到；comearound恢復(fù)；comeupwith提出；comeon快點(diǎn)。句意：很少有專家能對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題提出全新的答案。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.翻譯題

我為什么寫作？我為了我們的國家、社會(huì)、生活更加美好而寫作。熱愛生活，我嘆息一切美好的瞬間的短促。只有文學(xué)才能使美好的瞬間與永恒連接起來。至少我有理由希望，在寫作的時(shí)候我能夠比我自己還要好一點(diǎn)，聰明一點(diǎn)，豐富一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候更執(zhí)著一點(diǎn)，也有時(shí)候更豁達(dá)一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂翘椒擦?，我是有太多的缺點(diǎn)以至于缺陷。我不滿意自己，我已經(jīng)沒有辦法再重新投胎一次，我只能在寫作里得到一些校正與補(bǔ)償。我喜歡寫作還因?yàn)檫@并不總是快樂的。誰能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而當(dāng)這一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都變成文學(xué)的契機(jī)的時(shí)候，人生就比較能夠忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

18.翻譯題

在不久的將來，3D打印技術(shù)將走進(jìn)千家萬戶。有了3D打印機(jī)后，人人都可以通過數(shù)碼設(shè)計(jì)制造出各種想象中的物體，或者借用不管來自世界哪個(gè)角落的某種設(shè)計(jì)。只需按一個(gè)鈕，3D打印機(jī)就可以用一層層的塑料或其它材質(zhì)，把你設(shè)計(jì)的物品在你眼前“打印”出來。10年前的科幻小說情節(jié)如今己經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。事實(shí)上，能讓我們的電腦打印紙質(zhì)文檔的點(diǎn)矩陣(dot-matrix)打印機(jī)，這是不久之前才發(fā)明出來的，而現(xiàn)在3D打印機(jī)又以同樣的方式，使我們夢想的各種物體都能呈現(xiàn)在我們眼前。有了3D打印機(jī)的魔力，人人都是制造商，唯一能限制我們的，就是我們的想象力。

【答案】Itwon'tbelongbeforeeveryonewillhaveaccesstoa3Dprinter.Armedwitha3Dprinter,everyonecancreatetheirowndigitaldesignforanyimaginedobjectorborrowadesignfromanywherearoundtheworld.Bysimplypressingabuttonmakerscanseta3Dprinterintomotionrenderingthephysicalobjectwithlayersofplasticorothermaterialrightbeforetheireyes.Whatwassciencefictiontenyearsagoisrealitytoday.Itwasn'tlongagowelistenedtothewhirofadot-matrixprinterspittingoutdocumentsfromourcomputers,nowa3Dprinterrendersanyobjectwecandreamupthesameway.Withthemagicof3Dprintingcapabilityweareallmanufacturers,constrainedonlybyourimaginations.

19.單選題

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血,而后指出長達(dá)四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，艾滋病研究者從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“并不只是發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒這么簡單”,之后詳細(xì)介紹了該部分血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的艾滋病毒的重要意義。因此B項(xiàng)“Leopoldville的樣本所起的作用”比較能概括文章大意。

2.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(對該樣本的DNA分析將假定的艾滋病起源時(shí)間往前推了至少十年，至20世紀(jì)50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推斷過去假定的艾滋病起源時(shí)間應(yīng)該是20世紀(jì)60年代。

3.判斷推理題。A:艾滋病毒來源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根據(jù)第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本，有助于解開艾滋病毒從動(dòng)物（猴子或者黑猩猩）傳播到人類的時(shí)間和方式之謎……)”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被發(fā)現(xiàn),由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)后，也就是20世紀(jì)80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次對該部分血液進(jìn)行研究，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了體免疫缺乏癥病毒，這是一種導(dǎo)致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:在Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地點(diǎn)：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在導(dǎo)致比屬剛果獨(dú)立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。D:在其他地方?jīng)]有發(fā)現(xiàn)比Leopoldville的樣本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated....(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨(dú)樣本)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。故本題選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(應(yīng)一項(xiàng)由西方國家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血。然后就離開了，從此再也沒有聽說過他)。A:為了通過感染他人來報(bào)復(fù)社會(huì),B:掙錢養(yǎng)家,C:讓自己成名，均不能通過文章推斷出來。故選D。

20.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinaudio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction（）.

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（）.

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spoiltgoods

B.oldworn-outweapons

C.propertytakenfromtheenemy

D.spears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?1.為什么拍賣結(jié)束被稱為“knockingdown”？

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.A.因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)把買家擊倒。

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.B.因?yàn)榕馁u人會(huì)把桌子砸倒。

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.C.因?yàn)樨浳锉蛔驳阶雷由狭恕?/p>

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.D.因?yàn)榕馁u人用錘子敲桌子。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞knockingdown定位至第一段倒數(shù)第二句“這就是所謂的‘knockingdown’商品，因?yàn)楫?dāng)拍賣師用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子時(shí)，競價(jià)就結(jié)束了”，可知，拍賣結(jié)束被稱為knockingdown是因?yàn)榕馁u結(jié)束時(shí)拍賣師會(huì)用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)把買家擊倒”、B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u人會(huì)把桌子砸倒”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樨浳锉蛔驳阶雷由狭恕备鶕?jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction______.2.羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售______。

A.spoiltgoodsA.損壞的貨物

B.oldworn-outweaponsB.老舊武器

C.propertytakenfromtheenemyC.從敵人手中奪取的戰(zhàn)利品

D.spearsD.矛

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“羅馬人通常以這種方式出售他們在戰(zhàn)爭中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品（thespoilstakeninwar）”，可知，羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售戰(zhàn)爭中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“損壞的貨物”和B項(xiàng)“老舊武器”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“矛”是人群聚集的信號，不是拍賣的物品，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales______.3.在拍賣會(huì)上，人們點(diǎn)著蠟燭，______。

A.becausetheytookplaceatnightA.因?yàn)榕馁u是在晚上進(jìn)行的

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogatherB.作為群眾聚集的信號

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarmC.為了給拍賣師保暖

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemadeD.限制提出報(bào)價(jià)的時(shí)間

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)的英國，商品通常是‘通過蠟燭’出售的：拍賣師點(diǎn)燃一支短蠟燭，然后在蠟燭點(diǎn)著的時(shí)候出價(jià)”，可知，在拍賣會(huì)中人們點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在它燃著的時(shí)候出價(jià)，也就是說，蠟燭熄滅，報(bào)價(jià)就停止了。說明蠟燭是用來限制報(bào)價(jià)的時(shí)間的。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u是在晚上進(jìn)行的”和C項(xiàng)“為了給拍賣師保暖”在文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“作為群眾聚集的信號”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“……一根矛被插在地上，作為人群聚集的信號”可知，矛才是群眾聚集的信號，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause______.4.拍賣人可能會(huì)決定出售這些“拍品”，因?yàn)開_____。

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyersA.他有時(shí)想迷惑買家

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitemsB.根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他知道某些人會(huì)想買某些東西

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaitingC.他想讓某些人久等

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyersD.他想減少買家的數(shù)量

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】第一段第三句提到“拍賣人不需要從第一件拍品開始，然后按數(shù)字順序繼續(xù)；他可能會(huì)一直等著直到他登記的某些經(jīng)銷商到達(dá)房間之后，才會(huì)出示他們可能感興趣的物品”，這也就是說，拍賣人拍賣物品是根據(jù)經(jīng)銷商對物品的感興趣程度來的，B項(xiàng)“根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他知道某些人會(huì)想買某些東西”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“他有時(shí)想迷惑買家”、C項(xiàng)“他想讓某些人久等”和D項(xiàng)“他想減少買家的數(shù)量”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無中生有。

21.單選題

Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.request

B.claim

C.requirement

D.demand

【答案】D

【解析】句意：今年的蘋果供不應(yīng)求。supply供給對應(yīng)demand需求。選項(xiàng)D更符合。

22.單選題

Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-limeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement----jobs,researchpapers,awards----wasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversusrightbrain,ornatureversusnurture,1wouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.

Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthca