2017跨文化管理跨管題庫(kù)1chapter

PAGE26Copyright?2011PearsonEducation,Inc.InternationalManagement,7e(Deresky)Chapter11:MotivatingandLeading1)TheleadershipstyleofmostFrenchmanagersisbestdescribedas________.A)participativeB)empatheticC)democraticD)autocraticAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:382Chapter:11Skill:Concept2)WhichofthefollowingisatruestatementregardingacommonleadershipstyleintheEU?A)AcommonleadershipstylealreadyexistsamongEUmembers.B)ItisunlikelythatacommonleadershipstylewilldevelopintheEU.C)EUmembersagreethatacommonleadershipstyleisdesirableforcompetition.D)AcommonleadershipstyleintheEUdoesnotexistbutislikelytooccurbecauseofe-business.Answer:BDiff:3 PageRef:382Chapter:11Skill:Concept3)Asurveyof200chiefexecutivesinFrance,Germany,andtheUnitedKingdomconcludedthat________.A)GermanleadersaremorelikelythanFrenchleaderstoconsiderapositionofpowerasimportantB)German,French,andU.K.leadershavesimilarattitudesaboutleadershipanddecisionmakingC)UKleadersarehighlytroubledabouttheirdecisionsD)Frenchleadersliketomakedecisionsunilaterally單方面做出地；僅影響一方地；單方面地；單邊地；Answer:D回答：Diff:3 PageRef:382Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity4)WhichofthefollowinghasthemostsignificanteffectonthestatusofleadersinFrance?A)industryofthefirmB)wealthaccumulatedC)educationalinstitutionsattendedD)politicalinvolvementandsuccessAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:382Chapter:11Skill:Concept5)Inordertomotivateitsmanagersandemployees,Fujitsu________.A)tiedpaytoperformanceappraisalsB)raisedtheincentivepayofmanagersC)significantlyreducedmanagers'salariesD)eliminatedallemployees'stockoptionsAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:383Chapter:11Skill:Concept6)________suggeststheneedforjobsecurity,whereaspeoplewith________wouldprobablybemotivatedbymoreriskyopportunitiesforvarietyandfast-trackadvancement.A)Highuncertaintyavoidance;lowuncertaintyavoidanceB)Lowuncertaintyavoidance;highuncertaintyavoidanceC)Largepowerdistance;smallpowerdistanceD)Smallpowerdistance;largepowerdistanceAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:383Chapter:11Skill:Concept7)Lowpowerdistancesuggeststhatpeoplearemoremotivatedby________.A)pressurefromsupervisorsB)flexiblerolesC)teamworkD)varietyAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:383Chapter:11Skill:Concept8)Peopleinhighlyindividualisticcountries,suchastheUnitedStates,aremorelikelytobemotivatedby________.A)opportunitiesforpersonaladvancementB)relationshipswithco-workersC)collectiverewardsD)skillstrainingAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept

9)________suggeststhatmostpeoplewouldbemorecomfortablewiththetraditionaldivisionofworkandroles;ina________culture,theboundariescouldbelooser,motivatingpeoplethroughmoreflexiblerolesandworknetworks.A)Highmasculinity;morefeminineB)Highfemininity;moremasculineC)Highuncertaintyavoidance;lowuncertaintyavoidanceD)Lowuncertaintyavoidance;highuncertaintyavoidanceAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept10)Inwhichcountryareemployeesmostlikelytobehighlymotivatedwhentheyfeelthatthefirmprovidesthemwithgoodworkingconditions,fringebenefits,andtraining?A)U.S.B)ChinaC)MexicoD)DenmarkAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept11)Workersinmorefemininecultures,suchas________,aremorelikelytobemotivatedbypositiverelationshipswiththeirmanagersandco-workers.A)SingaporeB)JapanC)SwedenD)MexicoAnswer:CDiff:1 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept12)Formostpeople,thebasicmeaningofworkrefersto________.A)self-fulfillmentB)networkingC)groupmembershipD)economicnecessityAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept

13)AccordingtoastudybySteers,Koreans'hardworkwasmostattributableto________.A)loyaltytothecompanyB)self-orientedachievementC)needforfamilyharmonyD)religiousconvictionsAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:Concept14)BlackmoorIndustriesisanAmericanfirmthatmanufacturesautomotiveparts.BlackmoorhastwomanufacturingfacilitiesintheU.S.andoneinaforeigncountry.Blackmoor'sglobalmanagershaverecentlyreportedthattheyarehavingdifficultymotivatingtheiremployeestomeetvariousdeadlinesandproductionquotas.WhichofthefollowingbestsupportstheargumentthatBlackmoor'sglobalmanagersshouldusebonusesandpromotionsasemployeemotivationaltools?A)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinalowindividualisticculture.B)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinahighcollectivisticculture.C)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinamasculineculture.D)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinafeminineculture.Answer:CDiff:3 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:CriticalThinkingAACSB:ReflectiveThinking15)Thedegreeofgeneralimportancethatworkinghasinthelifeofanindividualiscalled________.A)intrinsicmotivationB)extrinsicmotivationC)needparadigmD)workcentrality工作中心Answer:DDiff:2 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Concept16)WhichtwosetsofneedsareidentifiedintheHerzbergmodel?A)needsandwantsB)interestsandneedsC)motivatorsandsocietalfactorsD)motivatorsandmaintenancefactorsAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Concept17)AccordingtotheMeaningofWork(MOW)researchstudy,whatisthemostimportantmotivationforworkinginallcountries?A)statusandprestigeB)necessaryincomeC)contactswithothersD)interestandsatisfactionAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Concept18)WhichofthefollowingnationsrankedhighestinworkcentralityaccordingtotheMeaningofWorkresearchstudy?A)U.S.B)U.K.C)BelgiumD)JapanAnswer:DDiff:1 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Concept19)BasedontheMeaningofWorkresearchstudy,whichofthefollowingisatruestatement?A)Japanesevaluestatusandprestigealmostasmuchastheyvaluetheirincome.B)Arabsdonottakeworkseriouslyandenjoyfrequentsocialbreaksintheworkday.C)IsraelisderiveahigherlevelofinterestandsatisfactionfromworkthanGermansdo.D)TheBritishregardworkasthetoppriorityintheirlivesandworklonghoursasaresult.Answer:CDiff:3 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Concept20)Accordingtoresearch,whichofthefollowingismosthighlyvaluedbyIslamics?A)workB)wealthC)friendshipD)societalneedsAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:385-386Chapter:11Skill:Concept

21)Accordingtoresearch,whichofthefollowingstatementshasthehighestvaluetoIslamics?伊斯蘭教？A)Thevalueofworkisderivedfromtheaccompanyingintentionratherthanitsresults.B)Anymanwhoworksismorelikelytogetaheadinlife.C)Oneshouldcarryworkouttothebestofone'sability.D)Moreleisuretimeisgoodforsociety.Answer:CDiff:3 PageRef:386Chapter:11Skill:Concept22)WhichofthefollowingisprimarilyemphasizedbyRussianmanagersduetothecountry'sstageofeconomicdevelopment?A)esteemB)jobsecurityC)workrecognitionD)self-actualizationAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:386Chapter:11Skill:Concept23)WhileAmericancompaniestendtostressindividualgoals,achievement,andrewards,Japanesecompaniestendtostress________.A)financialincentivesB)personalrewardsC)groupwidegoalsD)statusrecognitionAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:386-387Chapter:11Skill:Concept24)IntheChineseculture,whichoneofMaslow'sneedsisprobablythemostimportant?A)self-actualizationB)belongingC)esteemD)safetyAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:387Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity

25)WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTaccuratelycharacterizeworkersintheMexicanculture?A)Theyrankhighoncollectivism.B)Theyrankhighonpowerdistance.C)Theyranklowonindividualism.D)Theyranklowonuncertaintyavoidance.Answer:DDiff:3 PageRef:387Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity26)WhichofthefollowingiscentraltotheMexicanculture?A)humilityB)workC)timeD)familyAnswer:DDiff:1 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity27)Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonreasongivenforabsenteeism曠工amongMexicanworkers?A)personalillnessB)familyproblemsC)jobdissatisfactionD)transportationissuesAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:Concept28)AccordingtoU.Sexpatriates,Mexicanworkersprimarilyneedmore________thanU.S.workers.A)relationshipbuildingB)compensationC)autonomyD)trainingAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity

29)The________managementstyleworksbestinMexico.A)democraticB)authoritative權(quán)威C)consensusD)rationalAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity30)Whichofthefollowingisatrue,generalstatementaboutMexicanculture?A)Schedulingandtimemanagementareprimaryconcerns.B)Harmonyintheworkplaceisextremelyimportant.C)Workersexpectleaderstosharedecisionmaking.D)Businesstakespriorityoverfamilyandfriends.Answer:BDiff:3 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity31)WhichofthefollowingisatypicalvalueinMexicanbusinessculture?A)initiativeB)self-leadershipC)resistancetochangeD)bottom-updecisionmakingAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:389Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity32)WhenimplementingworkteamsinMexico,managerswillmostlikelybenefitfrom________.A)encouragingteamstocreateproceduresB)establishinganinformalatmosphereC)providingadequatetrainingD)discouragingtheuseoftitlesAnswer:CDiff:3 PageRef:389Chapter:11Skill:ApplicationAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity

33)InMichailova'sstudy,Russianemployeesweremoremotivatedbythe________oftheirRussianmanagersthanbyattemptsofempowermentbyWesternmanagers.A)authoritarianism權(quán)力主義，獨(dú)裁主義；B)patriarchyC)autonomyD)pluralismAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:390Chapter:11Skill:Concept34)WhilemostAmericansbelievethathardworkleadstosuccess,manyHongKongChinesebelievethat________determinestheoutcomeofasituation.A)God'swillB)socialstatusC)educationD)luckAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:390Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity35)Employees'motivationalneedsareprimarilydeterminedbytheir________.A)jobstatusB)culturalvaluesC)socialstandingD)individualbehaviorAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:390-391Chapter:11Skill:Concept36)InTaiwan,themosthighlysoughtrewardis________.A)wagesB)jobsecurityC)admirationfrompeersD)recognitionfrommanagersAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:Concept

37)WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypicalreward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)categoriesinAmericanculture?A)jobcontentB)relationshipsC)financialD)socialstatusAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:Concept38)InChina,theplaque斑塊award"Ms.Wong-employeeoftheMonth"wasgivento________.A)recognizethebestemployeeB)recognizethebestsalespersonC)embarrasstheworstemployeeD)acknowledgethenewestemployeeAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:Concept39)Amerit-based優(yōu)點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ)的rewardsystemwouldbeineffectiveinTaiwanbecausesuchasystemwouldmostlikely________.A)disturbworkplaceharmonyB)embarrasssenioremployeesC)conflictwithpoliticalnormsD)elevatelinesupervisorsAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:Concept40)BlackmoorIndustriesisanAmericanfirmthatmanufacturesautomotiveparts.BlackmoorhastwomanufacturingfacilitiesintheU.S.andoneinaforeigncountry.Blackmoor'sglobalmanagershaverecentlyreportedthattheyarehavingdifficultymotivatingtheiremployeestomeetvariousdeadlinesandproductionquotas.WhichofthefollowingunderminestheargumentthatBlackmoor'sglobalmanagersshouldimplementamerit-basedrewardsystemtomotivateindividualemployees?A)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinTaiwan.B)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinMexico.C)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinCanada.D)Blackmoor'sforeignfacilityislocatedinDenmark.Answer:ADiff:3 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:CriticalThinkingAACSB:ReflectiveThinking41)Inwhichculturewouldamerit-basedrewardsystemmostlikelybeeffective?A)SouthKoreaB)TaiwanC)JapanD)U.S.Answer:DDiff:1 PageRef:391Chapter:11Skill:Concept42)Themostlikelyunderlyingpurposeofleadershipistohelpemployees________.A)earnannualpromotionsandraisesB)workindependentlyandwithothersC)maximizetheirhighestpotentialatworkD)feelsatisfiedabouttheirjobperformanceAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:392Chapter:11Skill:Concept43)Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstothecriticalfactorsnecessaryforsuccessfulleadershipoverseas?A)globalismB)globalmindset全球思維C)culturalsavvy文化悟性D)culturalquotientAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:392Chapter:11Skill:Concept44)WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypicalcharacteristicsofasuccessfulleaderwithaglobalmindset?A)flexibilityB)personalautonomyC)emotionalstrengthD)narrowperspectiveAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:392Chapter:11Skill:Concept

45)Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstotheabilitytorecognizeglobalmarketopportunitiesforacompanyandhavingavisionofdoingbusinessworldwide?A)interculturalawarenessB)globalbusinesssavvy全球商業(yè)頭腦C)globalmindsetD)culturalsavvyAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept46)LeaderswithglobalbusinesssavvyareLEASTlikelytoexhibitastrongunderstandingof________.A)HRprocedures人力資源程序B)afirm'sresourcesC)subsidiaryproductlinesD)localsubsidiaryoperationsAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept47)WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefourpersonaldevelopmentstrategiesthroughwhichcompaniesandmanagerscanmeettherequirementsofeffectivegloballeadership?A)throughtravelB)throughteamworkC)throughtrainingD)throughtechnologyAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept48)Whichofthefollowingisconsideredthemostimportantpersonaldevelopmentstrategyforeffectivegloballeaders?A)formaltrainingseminarsB)overseasassignmentsC)virtualglobalteamsD)travelexperiencesAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept

49)Effective________leadershipinvolvestheabilitytoinspireandinfluencethethinking,attitudes,andbehaviorofpeopleanywhereintheworld.A)globalB)domesticC)polycentricD)ethnocentricAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept50)WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypicalrolesmanagersmustjuggleduringinternationalassignments?A)familymemberB)localfirmmanagerC)parentfirmrepresentativeD)localculturerepresentativeAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept51)Agloballeader'sroleisaninteractionofwhichtwosetsofvariables?A)contentandcontextB)culturalandsocietalC)internalandexternalD)personalandprofessionalAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept52)Whichofthefollowingisacontentvariable內(nèi)容變量ofgloballeadership?A)communityrelationsB)culturaladaptabilityC)physicallocationD)localresourcesAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept

53)Whichofthefollowingisacontextvariableofgloballeadership?A)degreeofautonomyB)technicalknowledgeC)businessenvironmentD)communicationskillsAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:393Chapter:11Skill:Concept54)Whichofthefollowingisincreasinglyinfluencingchangesintherole,environment,andmanagementstyleofgloballeaders?A)travelB)trainingC)transfersD)technologyAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:393-394Chapter:11Skill:Concept55)WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftheprimaryreasonsthatleadingane-businessdiffersfromleadingatraditionalbusiness?A)needtodevelopavisionofthefuturetoovercomeresistanceB)speedthatdecisionsmustbemadeduetotheInternetC)highnumberofglobalanddomesticemployeesD)importanceofflexibilityandexperimentationAnswer:CDiff:3 PageRef:394Chapter:11Skill:Concept56)The________modelofleadershipstylehasbeenrecommendedbyAmericanresearchstudiesasonemorelikelytohavepositiveresultswithAmericanemployees.A)autocraticB)charismaticC)transactionalD)participativeAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:395Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:UseofIT

57)WhichofthefollowingleadershipcharacteristicsismostlikelyexpectedandadmiredinFranceandItaly?A)socialprominence社會(huì)地位B)well-roundedC)decisivenessD)polishAnswer:ADiff:2 PageRef:395Chapter:11Skill:Concept58)WhichofthefollowingisNOTaleadershipstyleandbehaviorthatwasfoundtobeculturallycontingent?隊(duì)伍？A)charismaticB)participativeC)autonomousD)trustworthy值得信賴的，可靠的；把穩(wěn)；妥靠；信實(shí)；Answer:DDiff:2 PageRef:395Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:UseofIT59)Whichofthefollowingisaleadershipstyleandbehaviorthatisculturallycontingent?A)encouragingB)participativeC)effectivebargainerD)skilledcommunicatorAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:395Chapter:11Skill:Concept60)WhichofthefollowingisNOTaleadershipstylethatisuniversallyconsideredanimpedimenttoleadershipeffectiveness?A)ruthlessB)egocentricC)uncooperativeD)self-protective自我保護(hù)Answer:DDiff:2 PageRef:395Chapter:11Skill:Concept

61)Avisionary有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的leaderwhoinspiressubordinatesandisperformance-orientedwouldbestbedescribedas________.A)charismatic有魅力的B)team-orientedC)participativeD)self-protectiveAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept62)Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesateam-oriented具團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的；leader?A)charismaticB)diplomatic外交C)egocentricD)compassionateAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept63)The________dimensiondescribesaleaderwhoisself-centered,conflictual,andstatusconscious.以自我為中心的，沖突的，與身份意識(shí)。A)charismaticB)team-orientedC)participativeD)self-protective自我保護(hù)Answer:DDiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept64)Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesaleaderdelegatesdecisionmakingandencouragessubordinatestotakeresponsibility?A)charismaticB)team-orientedC)participative參與D)self-protectiveAnswer:CDiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept

65)AccordingtotheGLOBEproject,whichofthefollowingcountrieshasthehighestregardforself-protectiveleaders?A)EgyptB)CanadaC)IrelandD)DenmarkAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept66)Whichofthefollowingculturesviewsthetermsleaderandmanagernegatively?A)ArabsB)DutchC)MexicansD)IraniansAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:396Chapter:11Skill:Concept67)AccordingtoHofstede,employeesincountriesthatrankhighonpowerdistancearemorelikelytoprefera(n)________leadershipstyle.A)autocraticB)participativeC)charismatic有魅力的D)transformational轉(zhuǎn)換的，轉(zhuǎn)換生成的；Answer:ADiff:1 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:Concept68)Employeesincountriesthatranklowonpowerdistancearemorelikelytoprefera(n)________leadershipstyle.A)autocraticB)participativeC)charismaticD)transformationalAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:Concept

69)AccordingtoHofstede,thecriticalfacttograspaboutleadershipinanycultureisthatitprimarilydependsuponthe________.A)leader'spersonalityB)sizeoftheorganizationC)demandsplacedontheleaderD)valuesandattitudesofsubordinatesAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:Concept70)WorkersinalargepowerdistancesocietylikeIndiaaremorelikelytoprefer________.A)managersthatconsultwithsubordinatesaboutmajordecisionsB)cleardistinctionsbetweenmanagersandsubordinatesC)leadersthatexhibitademocraticstyleofauthorityD)leadersthatareconsultativeandparticipativeAnswer:BDiff:2 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:ConceptAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity71)Laurentconcludedthat________significantlyaffectstheperceptionofwhatiseffectivemanagement.A)anorganization'ssizeB)organizationalstructureC)subordinates'needsD)nationalorigin民族起源Answer:DDiff:2 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:Concept72)Whichofthefollowingtraitsandbehaviorsisuniversallyconsideredbeneficialtoleaders?A)visionaryB)risk-takerC)autonomousD)malevolentAnswer:ADiff:1 PageRef:397Chapter:11Skill:Concept

73)AccordingtoLaurent,managersinSweden,Denmark,andGreatBritainbelievethatemployeespreferwhichstyleofleadership?A)autocraticB)charismaticC)participativeD)autonomousAnswer:CDiff:2 PageRef:397-398Chapter:11Skill:Concept74)IntheMiddleEast,leadersareexpectedto________.A)showahighlydemocratictoneB)workwithteamsofsubordinatesC)providefewmanagementdirectivesD)makealldecisionswithoutanyquestionsAnswer:DDiff:2 PageRef:398Chapter:11Skill:Concept75)Theextenttowhichleadersdelegateauthorityishighestinwhichcountry?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)在哪個(gè)國(guó)家最高？A)AustriaB)SwedenC)PortugalD)SwitzerlandAnswer:BDiff:1 PageRef:398Chapter:11Skill:Concept76)WhatculturesareconsideredmasculineandfeminineaccordingtoHofstede?Howdoesaculture'sdegreeofmasculinityorfemininityaffectthewayamanagermotivatesemployees?Answer:JapanandMexicoaremasculinecultures,whileDenmarkandSwedenarefeminineculturesaccordingtoHofstede.Hisfindingsbasedonthemasculinitydimensionwerethatthehigherthelevelof"masculinity,themoremotivatedemployeeswerebybeinggivenopportunitiesforhighpay,personalaccomplishment,andjobadvancement.Thiscomparedwiththosefrommore"feminine"cultures,whoclaimedthatfactorsrelatedtotheirrelationshipswiththeirmanagersandco-workersprovidedmorecommitmenttotheorganization.Diff:2 PageRef:384Chapter:11Skill:SynthesisAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity

77)Whatisworkcentrality?Howisworkcentralityimportanttocrossculturalmanagement?Answer:Workcentralitymeasuresthecentralimportanceofworkasamotivatingfactorinaperson'slife.Thecentralityofworkwillgreatlyinfluenceboththecontentandprocessofmotivation.TheMOWresultsshowed,forexample,thattheJapaneseholdworktobeveryimportantintheirlives;theBrits,ontheotherhand,seemtoliketheirleisuretimemorethanthoseintheothercountriessurveyed.Managerswhohaveabetterunderstandingofculturalworkvalueshaveabetterchanceofknowinghowtoeffectivelymotivateworkers.Diff:2 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:CriticalThinkingAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity78)WhatattributesdidtheMOWgroupconsiderwhentheyinvestigatedcross-culturalmotivation?Overall,whatdopeoplevaluethemostaboutwork?Answer:TheMOWresearchlookedattheextenttowhichworksatisfiedthefollowingsixfunctions:1)workprovidesaneededincome;2)workisinterestingandsatisfying;3)workpermitsinterestingcontactswithothers;5)workfacilitatesawaytoservesociety;5)workkeepsoneoccupied,and5)workgivesstatusandprestige.Aneededincomewastheprimarymotivatorforworkinginallcultures.Diff:2 PageRef:385Chapter:11Skill:Application79)WithregardstoMaslow'shierarchyofneeds,howdoWesternandEasternculturesdifferintheirviewsofwhatneedsaremostimportant?Answer:Whenconsideringthecross-culturalapplicabilityofMaslow’shierarchyofneedstheory,itisnottheneedsthatareinquestionasmuchastheorderingofthoseneedsinthehierarchy.ThehierarchyreflectstheWesternculturewhereMaslowconductedhisstudy;heconcludedthatpeopleprogressfromsatisfyingbasicneeds,ontobelongingnessandesteemneeds,andthentoself-actualizationneeds.However,differenthierarchiesmightbetterreflectothercultures.Forexample,Easternculturesfocusontheneedsofsocietyratherthanontheneedsofindividuals.ItisdifficulttoobserveormeasuretheindividualneedsofaChinesepersonbecause,fromchildhood,theseareintermeshedwiththeneedsofsociety.Diff:3 PageRef:387Chapter:11Skill:ApplicationAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity

80)IntheMexicanculture,familyandrelationshipsarehighlyvalued.HowdoesthistendencyaffectworkandbusinessinMexico?Answer:InMexicothefamilyisofcentralimportance;loyaltyandcommitmenttofamilyandfriendsfrequentlydetermineemployment,promotion,orspecialtreatmentforcontracts.Decisionsandactionsareusuallybasedonwhatisgoodforthefamilyandthegroup.Unfortunately,itisthisadmirableculturalnormthatoftenresultsinmotivationandproductivityproblemsonthejobbycontributingtoveryhighabsenteeismandturnover,especiallyinthemaquiladoras.Diff:3 PageRef:388Chapter:11Skill:Application81)WhatshouldglobalmanagersdowhenimplementingworkteamsinMexico?Answer:ThesixsuggestionsforimplementingworkteamsinMexicoare:(1)fosteracultureofindividualresponsibilityamongteammembers;(2)anticipatetheimpactofchangesinpowerdistribution;(3)provideleadershipfromthetopthroughouttheimplementationprocess;(4)provideadequatetrainingtoprepareworkersforteamwork;(5)developmotivationandharmonythroughclearexpectations;and(6)encourageanenvironmentofsharedresponsibility.Diff:2 PageRef:389Chapter:11Skill:ApplicationAACSB:MulticulturalandDiversity82)Whatroledoescultureplayinthemotivationalprocess?Howcancross-culturalresearchhelpglobalmanagersmotivateandleadsubordinates?Answer:Anemployee’sneedsaredeterminedlargelybytheculturalcontextofvaluesandattitudes—alongwiththenationalvariables—inwhichheorshelivesandworks.Thoseneedsthendeterminethemeaningofworkforthatemployee.Themanager’sunderstandingofwhatworkmeansinthatemployee’slifecanthenleadtothedesignofaculturallyappropriatejobcontextandrewardsystemtoguideindividualandgroupemployeejobbehaviortomeetmutualgoals.Cross-culturalresearchprovidesmanagerswithgeneralinformationaboutattitudes,goals,expectations,behaviors,values,andnormsindifferentsocieties,whichserveasabasisforestablishingappropriaterewardsystems.Diff:3 PageRef:390-391,384Chapter:11Skill:Synthesis

83)HowdoChineserewardsystemsdifferfromrewardsystemsfoundinmostothercultures?Howarethesesystem