2015年全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類試題及答案

2015職稱英語綜合類B真題及答案（完整版）第1部分詞匯選項（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定一個意義最為接近的選項。Theorganizationwas?bold?enoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensibleIwillnot?tolerate?thatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulateIrealizedtomy?horror?thatIhadforgottenthepresent.AlimitB.fearC.powerD.foolMostpeoplefind?rejection?hardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusalShe'sextremelycompetentand?industrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independentThedoctorsdidnot?reveal?thetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establishHetriedto?assemble?histhoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spareThelawcarriesa?penalty?ofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligationPrisonerswerekeptinthemost?appalling?conditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.seriousTheseproductsare?inferior?tothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthanThepoliticalsituationintheregionhas?deteriorated?rapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developedTherewasa?simultaneous?trialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubicThey're?petitioning?forbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.lookingHesaidsome?harsh?wordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclearWewereattractedbythe?lure?ofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第2部分:閱讀判斷（第16-22題,每題1分,共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A：如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息問中沒有提及，請選擇C。LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlementAwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesun,sewingadressfromskin.Insideabuilding,acolonistismakingawoodenchair,usingverysimpletools.Andallaround,touristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital（數(shù)碼的）cameras.ThisisJamestownSettlementtoday.Jamestown,Virginia,wasoneofthefirstplacesintheworldwherepeoplefromEurope,America,andAfricacametogetherin1608.Today,itisalivinghistorymuseum,wherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseum,actorswearclothesfromthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactorsalsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo.AtaLivingHistorymuseum,therearealwaysmanythingstotouch,hear,andsmellVisitorsatJamestownSettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist'sbed.Thecolonistsstayedonthecrowed,dangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallarounditintoday'sfort（堡壘）youcanseehouses,achurch,andevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomes,andvisitorscanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking.ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownSettlement,anditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery（陶器）andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndianboatfromatree.TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopular,especiallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefun,butalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.liketotakepicturesinJamestownSettlementtoday.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedinJamestownSettlement,peoplefromthreedifferentculturescametogetherin1608.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedAtalivinghistorymuseum,visitorscannottouchanyofthethingsondisplay.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedThefirstcoloniststoJamestownSettlementwerefromEngland.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedTheactorsworkingatthemuseumexplainwhattheytodothevisitors.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedinJamestown,visitorscanwalkthroughtherealshipsthecolonistsused.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedChildrenandfamiliesenjoyplayingIndiangames.ARightBwrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有兩項測試任務：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中未第2~5段每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。TeachingIs“OneoftheLeastPopularJobsintheUK”TheUKgovernmenthasjustpublishedareportonthefutureofsecondary-schoolteaching(pupilsaged11~16),andtheconclusionofthereportisthatmanysecondaryschoolsnowfacegreatdifficultiesinfindingpeoplewhowanttobeteachers.Sincethe1980s,thenumberofgraduateswhosaytheywould“seriouslyconsider”teachingasacareerhasfallensharply,from64%in1982tojust17%today.Thereportsuggeststhaturgentactionneedstobetakeninordertoencouragemoreintelligentyounggraduatesintoteaching.Themaindrawbackofsecondaryteaching,accordingtothereport,isthelowsalary.Earningsinteachingaremuchlowerthaninmanyotherjobs,andthismeansthatfewerandfeweryoungpeopledecidetobeteachers.JoanneManners,24isagoodexample.“Igraduatedinmathslastyear,andIwasthinkingofdoingateachertrainingcoursetobecomeamathsteacher—butwhenIlookedintothedetails,itbecameclearthatteachingisn'taverylucrative(賺錢的)jobthesedays.IsawIcouldearntwiceasmuchifIworkedinmarketingoradvertising,andsoIdecidednottobecomeateacher.”It'snotjustaboutthemoney,however.Thesurveyconcludedthat?anotherreasonwhypeopledon'twanttobeteachersisthatsometeenagersbehaveverybadlyinschool.Alotofschoolshaveproblemswithdiscipline,anditseemsclearthatchildrendonothavethesamerespectforteachersasinthepast.Here'stheviewofDaveHallam,anaccountantfromLondon:”Ithinkparentsaretoblame.Theyshouldhavestricterruleswiththeirchildrenathomeandalsoteachtheirchildrentohavemorerespectforteachers.”“Itmakesmefeelsoproud.”SaysBrianJones,whoworksinasecondaryschoolinLondon.Sowhatdoeshethinkthegovernmentshoulddotoencouragemorepeopletobecometeachers?”“Myviewisthatthegovernmentshouldreducetheburdenofworkonteachers.IfindthatIalwayshavetoomuchworktodo.”Thereportisclearthattheproblemofteachershortageisavery?seriousone.Itsaysthatthegovernmentshouldraiseteachers'paysignificantly,tocatchupwithworkersinotherprofessions.Italsosuggeststhatthegovernmentcouldlaunchanationwidepublicitycampaign,withsomeadvertisementsonTVandinthenewspapers,toshowthepositivesidesofteachingtoyoungpeople.Anothersolutioncouldbesetamaximumnumberofhoursperweekthatteacherscanwork,inordertoreducestressonteachers.“Hopefully,”thereportconcludes,“thesesolutionscanimprovethepoorimageofsecondaryteaching,andincreasethenumberofyoungpeoplewhowanttobecometeachersinthefuture.【題干】Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4【選項】Students'badbehaviorandlackofdisciplineImprovementofchildrenbehaviorHeavyworkloadonteachersTheproblemoflowsalaryAreportonteachershortageAnationwidepublicitycampaign題干】題干】TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMoreandmoreyoungpeopleareheldbackfromteaching.ParentsareencouragedtobacktheteacherupwhenthereareThegovernmentshouldreducetheworkloadonteacherstoease.Thegovernmentshouldpromoteteachingasacareerbyadvertising.【選項】ItsbenefitsTheirchildhoodmemoriestheirstressmoretrainingdisciplineproblemsbecauseofitslowpay第4部分閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（樹冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土長的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly.Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.isthemainideaofthispassage?Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.functionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.achangeofcoffeegrowth.somethingthatisthemostimportant.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.doesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?Moreinsects.Betterqualitycoffee.Largerfarms.Higherprofits.dofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.Theycutdowntrees.Theymovetoanothercountry.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.full-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPTfullsuninsects.air.birdshumans第二篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguageAnanimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.WashoehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunityandaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebateaboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1969,theGardnersdescribedWashoe'sprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstandabout250words.Forexample,Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,"Whoiscomingtoplay?"OncethenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirownintothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennow,therearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe'skeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardeners.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelieveWashoerprovidednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees.Today,therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Partofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.Debatecontinuesaboutchimpsunderstandingofhumancommunication.Yet,onethingissure-WashoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilitiesofanimalintelligenceTheGardeners'experimentwithWashoe.beganin1969wonabigprizelastedthreeyearsinfluencedprimateresearchThesecondparagraphmainlydiscusses.areportaboutWashoe'sprogressinlearningsignlanguagethewholedirectionofprimateresearchnewprimateresearchesconductedbymanylanguagescientificanexperimentwithWashoeataresearchcenterinAfrica.TheGardeners'experimentwithWashoewascriticizedbecause.justasksomesimplequestiononlycopyteachers'signlanguageonlymemorizeabout250wordsjustrepeatshortsentences.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?RogerFoutstaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees.WashoewasthefirstchimptouseAmericanSignLanguageAchimpanzeediedofnaturalcausesinAfricaataresearchcenterNowadaystherearestilllotsofscientistsexperimentingwithchimpanzeesWecandrawaconclusionfromthelastparagraphthat.WhetherchimpscanlearnahumanlanguageremainsunansweredprimatehavetheabilitytospeakalanguageanimalscannotlearnahumansignWashoeisasintelligentashumans第三篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.?SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewoman?sufferedminorheadandneckinjuries."Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,"saidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthequakestruckat8:19.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,aboutmilessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds."Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome."saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon."Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown."Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whenaquakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931,measuringontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.ThebiggestearthquaketookplaceinBritain.Ain1931Bin1580Cin2002Din2007Theword“collapsed”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans.FellapartFlewoffShookupBlewoutThephrase“thisscale”inparagraph6refersto.quakequaketheRicherscaleDtheRicherscaleThefollowingstatementsaretrueExcept.thequakecausedapowerfailureinKentCountrythetremorlastedfor10-15seconds.peopleinCanterburyfeltstrongquakethequakewascenteredundertheChannelTunnel.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat.moderateearthquakesoftenstrikeLondoninthehistoryearthquakewarmingsystemofBritaincanpredicttheforthcomingquakeanotherearthquakeispredictedtooccurinEnglandtheFrenchalsofelttheearthquaketakingplaceon28,April第5部分補全短文（第46-50題，每題1分，共5分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復原貌。SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals（壁畫）canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict（描述famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallaccessthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2,000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthecombinationofgraffiti（涂鴉），pollution,andhotsunhasleftmany.muralsinterriblecondition.（46）inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.（47）Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselectedandmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,young.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting(48)ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamilekilometer)inNorthHollywood,(49)ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns—andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984.(50)Twitchellsaid,"itwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelerto.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace."Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanteachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority,"saidoneartist.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcasefor.'sculturaldiversity.第6部分：完形填空(第51~65題，每題1分，共15分)下面短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。TheInternetHouseAleadingBritishbuildinganddesigncompanyhasjustannouncedtheirplansforthehomeofthefuture.Thenewdesign,(5