考研考博-英語-常州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristelectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalyzed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11th

attacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism.“Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,”LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:“Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany’scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithinternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan“electronicPearlHarbor”attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaytoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphonecallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18th

RichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib(膽怯),makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infactbetherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe“millenniumbugandthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustry—bethevendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.

4.“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorists

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.我們從第一段得知____。

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackA.恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂

B.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterroristsB.美國人沒有對(duì)付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableC.公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactoryD.緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞firstparagraph定位到原文第1段。該段第2句提到“恐怖分子通過電子手段侵入（electronicallybreakintothecomputers）控制美國一個(gè)大城市（alargeAmericancity）供水的電腦”，最后一句提到“商業(yè)癱瘓（Businessesareparalyzed），醫(yī)院人滿為患（hospitalsareoverwhelmed），人們?cè)噲D逃離，道路堵塞（roadsaregridlocked）?！庇纱丝芍?，恐怖分子的電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入了癱瘓，A選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂”表述符合第一段內(nèi)容。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“美國人沒有對(duì)付恐怖分子的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，原文只提到了恐怖分子的一次襲擊，并未提到美國人是否有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)相當(dāng)脆弱”，原文雖然是說恐怖分子攻擊了供水系統(tǒng)的電腦（thecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity），但作者是為了突出恐怖襲擊的恐怖，而不是公用事業(yè)公司的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)脆弱。再說也不能單純從這一個(gè)事件就推斷它們的系統(tǒng)脆弱，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意”，原文第1段倒數(shù)第二句提到了“在緊急救援部門努力應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)（Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond），恐怖分子再次發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊?！彼哉f不是緊急救援部門的反應(yīng)不夠及時(shí)，而是恐怖襲擊太緊湊，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat____.提到悲觀論者，作者暗示____。

A.theirworriesarequitereasonableA.他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyB.他們的警告應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingC.他們夸大了公用事業(yè)公司面對(duì)的威脅

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrikeD.他們熟悉恐怖分子的襲擊方式

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thedoom-mongers定位到原文第2段。本段第一句提到“這些場景（第一段的內(nèi)容）是悲觀論者提出的（invokedbydoom-mongers）”由上一題可知，原文第1段提到“恐怖分子可以通過電子攻擊使美國一座大城市陷入混亂?！钡堑?段最后一句質(zhì)疑了一位悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)“他是正確的嗎？”第3段第2句提到“但是，僅僅因?yàn)殡娏镜目蛻艨梢栽诰€支付賬單，并不一定意味著（itdoesnotnecessarily）該公司的關(guān)鍵控制系統(tǒng)容易受到攻擊（arevulnerabletoattack）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為悲觀論者的觀點(diǎn)夸大了公共事業(yè)公司系統(tǒng)的脆弱程度，C選項(xiàng)“他們夸大了公用事業(yè)公司面對(duì)的威脅”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理”，與原文作者觀點(diǎn)相反，作者認(rèn)為他們的擔(dān)憂存在夸大因素，不會(huì)認(rèn)為“他們的擔(dān)憂非常有道理”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“他們的警告應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真對(duì)待”，與原文作者觀點(diǎn)相反，作者認(rèn)為他們的擔(dān)憂存在夸大因素，他們的警告也是過分擔(dān)憂，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“他們熟悉恐怖分子的襲擊方式”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,____.高德納咨詢公司（Gartner）認(rèn)為____。

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother“PearlHarbor”attackA.恐怖分子可能會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)另一次“珍珠港”襲擊

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrikeB.恐怖分子有充足的資金和時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備一次驚人的襲擊

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructureC.攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructureD.恐怖分子不太可能訴諸電子手段襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Gartnerconsultant定位到原文第4段，本段提到了高德納咨詢公司和美國海軍戰(zhàn)爭學(xué)院做的一個(gè)模擬得出的結(jié)論，“對(duì)美國關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的‘電子珍珠港’攻擊（an‘electronicPearlHarbor’attack）確實(shí)會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重破壞，但首先需要五年的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備和2億美元的資金（fiveyearsofpreparationand200milliondollarsoffunding）?！庇纱丝芍?，該公司認(rèn)為采用電子手段襲擊美國的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是昂貴且耗時(shí)的。本段最后一句提到“攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有更簡單、成本更低的（farsimplerandlesscostlyway）方法，從惡作劇電話到卡車炸彈和劫持飛機(jī)?！庇纱丝芍?，該公司認(rèn)為恐怖分子會(huì)選擇其他更簡單、成本更低的方式，而非電子手段。因此，D選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子不太可能訴諸電子手段襲擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子可能會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)另一次‘珍珠港’襲擊”，原文提到“珍珠港”襲擊只是把恐怖分子對(duì)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的電子手段攻擊比喻成“電子珍珠港襲擊”，并不是說他們要再次發(fā)動(dòng)“珍珠港”襲擊，另外，該公司認(rèn)為電子手段昂貴又耗時(shí)，恐怖分子不會(huì)采取這種方式，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“恐怖分子有充足的資金和時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備一次驚人的襲擊”，原文只是提到用電子手段攻擊美國關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施昂貴又耗時(shí)，并沒有提到恐怖分子是否有“充足的資金和時(shí)間”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的”，原文是說“用電子手段”攻擊關(guān)鍵的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的，并不是說只要攻擊關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施就是非常昂貴和耗時(shí)的，更何況，第四段最后一句還提到了有更簡單、成本更低的方式，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

“Lily-liveredapproach”(Paragraph5)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby____.“____的方法”（第5段）可能指以____為特征的方法。

A.flexibilityA.靈活

B.boldnessB.大膽

C.cowardiceC.膽怯

D.conservatismD.保守

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph5和Lily-liveredapproach定位到原文第5段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“但實(shí)際上，這種____的做法可能是正確的?！庇纱丝芍?，Lily-livered形容的是上文提到的某個(gè)做法。前兩句提到“理查德?克拉克公布了人們期待已久的保護(hù)關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施免受數(shù)字攻擊的藍(lán)圖”，并且給出的評(píng)價(jià)是“它（這個(gè)藍(lán)圖）有點(diǎn)膽怯（adampsquib），沒有給出任何確定的建議，也沒有提出任何新規(guī)定或法律條文?！庇蒩dampsquib推斷，這種方法的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)“膽怯”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“靈活”、B選項(xiàng)“大膽”、D選項(xiàng)“保守”，均不符合原文。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat____.我們從最后一段中可知____。

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug”A.由于“千年蟲問題”，計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)遭受了巨大的損失。

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurityB.比起國家安全，悲觀論者更關(guān)心自己的利益

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongersC.計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的判斷力比那些危言聳聽者強(qiáng)

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironmentD.環(huán)保主義者因其保護(hù)環(huán)境的努力而受到批評(píng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。最后一段第2句提到“當(dāng)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在一樣，技術(shù)供應(yīng)商和顧問們發(fā)出了警報(bào)，他們從散布恐慌中獲利（stoodtogainfromscare-mongering）?！弊詈笠痪涮岬健鞍踩袠I(yè)的人——無論是試圖推動(dòng)銷售的供應(yīng)商、追求撥款的學(xué)者，還是尋求更大預(yù)算的政客——都有一種內(nèi)在的動(dòng)機(jī)去夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（abuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks）?！庇纱丝芍?，安全行業(yè)的人像當(dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)供應(yīng)商和顧問們一樣，只是為了自己的利益，夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，散播恐慌，并非是因?yàn)閾?dān)心國家安全，B選項(xiàng)“比起國家安全，悲觀論者更關(guān)心自己的利益”，原文中這些夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人就是作者所說的悲觀論者。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“由于‘千年蟲問題’，計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)遭受了巨大的損失”，可定位到最后一段第1句，該句提到“千年蟲問題——把日期改到2000年”和“關(guān)于該漏洞導(dǎo)致大范圍的計(jì)算機(jī)混亂的預(yù)測”，原文只是“預(yù)測”，并沒有明確地說“計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)因此遭受了巨大的損失”，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理；

C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家的判斷力比那些危言聳聽者強(qiáng)”，原文最后一段第3句提到計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家“將危言聳聽者與環(huán)境游說團(tuán)體進(jìn)行類比（drawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby）”，并沒有對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家和那些危言聳聽者的判斷力進(jìn)行比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保主義者因其保護(hù)環(huán)境的努力而受到批評(píng)”，原文最后一段第3句雖然提到了“環(huán)境游說團(tuán)體（theenvironmentallobby）”，并且提到他們是做負(fù)面的例子，但是他們?cè)馐芘u(píng)并不是因?yàn)椤八麄優(yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境做出的努力”，而是因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)榱俗约旱睦?，夸大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks）。該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

2.單選題

Asarule,（

）hightemperatures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatamphibiansareunabletotolerate

B.nottobetoleratedbyamphibians

C.amphibianscannottolerate?

D.amphibianslackoftolerancefor

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子缺主語和謂語，amphibians作主語，cannottolerate作謂語，才能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語義完整。A項(xiàng)中that缺先行詞，可排除。B項(xiàng)中主語缺失，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，可排除。D項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ack為及物動(dòng)詞，接賓語不用接介詞，可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：兩棲動(dòng)物通常無法忍受高溫。

3.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項(xiàng)hardly表示“幾乎不，簡直不，剛剛”，C選項(xiàng)merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項(xiàng)barely表示“僅僅，勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進(jìn)步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要?jiǎng)e人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應(yīng)表示肯定。因此，只有A選項(xiàng)最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)directly“直接地；立即；馬上”；B選項(xiàng)reasonably“合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)?；適度地”；C選項(xiàng)frankly“坦率地；老實(shí)說”；D選項(xiàng)instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意為“直觀地；直覺地”，D選項(xiàng)的意思最為接近。句意：有些想法非常簡單，聽起來覺得很有道理。

5.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺，但它們的視力卻很敏銳。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous精力充沛的;exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的；acute嚴(yán)重的，敏銳的；vivid生動(dòng)的，鮮明的。根據(jù)前半句句意“盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺”可知這里在對(duì)比鳥的嗅覺跟視覺，故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Hitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhe（

）theSecondWorldWar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implemented

B.launched

C.took

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)行，實(shí)施”；B選項(xiàng)launch“發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)take“取，拿”；D選項(xiàng)practice“練習(xí)，實(shí)行”。由題干“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”可知“l(fā)aunch發(fā)動(dòng)”符合題意，句意為：希特勒發(fā)動(dòng)二戰(zhàn)時(shí)全副武裝。故答案選B。

7.翻譯題

ItisnotdifficulttobepessimisticaboutthefutureofEuropeanbusiness.

ComparedwiththeawesomestrengthofAmericaandtherawpowerofemergingAsia,Europeissometimesportrayedasahas-been,excellinginluxurygoods,finefood,winesandfashionbutweigheddownbytoomanyoldindustriesandoldideas.Frommicrochipstomicrobes,pooroldEuropeseemstotrailinAmerica’sandAsia’swake.

AmericaenjoysawesomeadvantagesoverEurope.Itisahuge,trulysinglemarketwitharelativelyyouthful,growingpopulation.Itistheworld’seconomicsuperpower,withmuchhigherproductivitythanitscompetitors(thoughproductivitygrowthhasrecentlybeendisappointing,andlastyearwasslightlybelowEurope’s).Ithasworld-classuniversitiesthatworkhandinglovewithbusinesses.AmericanshavenotonlywonmoreNobelprizes,theyhaveturnedmorescientificadvancesintoprofitablebusinessesthananyoneelse.Manyofthesefirmshavegoneontobecomethegiantsofmodernbusiness.

ItmayhavebeenaBritishscientist,SirTimBerners-Lee,workingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland,whoinventedtheworldwideweb,butAmericaisthehomeoftheInternetandallthebusinesssectorsithasspawned.

AndevenwhereEuropeisholdingitsownagainstAmerica,itseemsunabletoretainitsadvantage.Boeingdriftedbadlyinthe1990sasEurope’sAirbusmadestrides,buthavingmergedwithMcDonnellDouglas,theAmericangiantbouncedback.ItisnowtakingmarketsharefromtheEuropeans.

America’seconomicgrowth,averaging2.5%ayearsince2001,hasreflectedthisdynamicbusinessculture,whereasEuropehasmanagedanaveragegrowthrateofbarely1.5%overthesameperiod,thoughthepacehaspickedupinthepastyear.Europe’ssluggishperformanceisoftenputdowntothepoorbusinessclimate.Rigidlaborlawsandstrongunionsmakeitdifficultforfirmstofireredundantworkersandunattractivetohirenewones.ProductmarketsarenotascompetitiveasAmerica’s,andthesingleEuropeanmarkethasyettobecomearealityinareassuchasbankingandservices.

Corporategovernancetooisvariable:transparentandworld-classinBritain,butofteninadequateincontinentalEurope.Moreover,Europeangovernmentsliketomeddle.Francehasdrawnupalistofstrategicindustries,includingcasinos,thatitthinksneedspecialprotectionfromforeigntakeovers.EvenSpain,withitsnewAnglo-Saxonbusinessculture,triedtostopaGermanutilityfromtakingoveraSpanishpowercompany.TelecomItalia’sattemptstohiveoffitsmobile-phonebusinessbecamehighlypoliticized.

ManyEuropeanpoliticiansarefearfulabouttheeffectsofglobalizationandtheriseofChinaandIndia.CertainlyAsiahasbeenmakingitselfmorestronglyfeltinEuropeinrecentyears.JapannowhascarfactoriesinFranceandtheCzechRepublicaswellasinBritain,andimportsfromSouthKorea’sresurgentcarindustryhavebeencausingdifficultiesatRenaultandPSAPeugeotCriterion.India’sTataGrouptooisplanningtoexportcarstosomesouthernandeasternEuropeanmarketswheretheywillprovidemorecompetitionforthetraditionalwestEuropeanmanufacturers.

【答案】美國經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢讓人肅然起敬,日益崛起的亞洲生機(jī)勃勃,而歐洲則如昔日黃花,過分追求奢侈品、時(shí)尚和美酒佳肴。落后的產(chǎn)業(yè)和陳舊的觀念壓得歐洲氣喘吁吁。微芯片也好,微生物也罷,可憐的老朽歐羅巴似乎在步美國和亞洲的后塵。

即使是歐洲本土能與美國抗衡的產(chǎn)業(yè)似乎也難以為繼。20世紀(jì)90年代,歐洲空客公司大踏步前進(jìn),而波音公司發(fā)展十分緩慢,但同麥克唐納-道格拉斯公司合并以后,美國的這家巨型企業(yè)迅速反彈,正在搶占空客的歐洲份額。

此外,歐洲各國政府也喜歡插上一腳。法國列出了一些戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè),連博彩業(yè)也包括在內(nèi),因?yàn)榉▏J(rèn)為該產(chǎn)業(yè)需要特別保護(hù)以防外國兼并。甚至西班牙在新盎格魯-薩克遜商業(yè)文化影響下,也阻止德國公用事業(yè)公司接管西班牙電力企業(yè),而意大利電信公司試圖從該國移動(dòng)電話領(lǐng)域分離出去竟成為高度政治化的事件。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

WhatIHaveLivedForbyBertrandRussell“我的人生追求”一帕特蘭羅素有三種樸實(shí)卻異常強(qiáng)烈的激情左右著我的人生：渴望愛情，尋求知識(shí)和對(duì)受苦人的憐憫。這三種激情尤如颶風(fēng)肆意地吹著我，從無邊的苦海吹向絕境.

我尋找愛，因?yàn)閻凼谷颂兆?，我常常寧愿用我全部的余生來換取幾個(gè)小時(shí)這樣的欣喜。我尋找愛，因?yàn)閻凼刮医獬斯录?，解除了一個(gè)顫抖的靈魂從人世間到冷漠無底的深淵所經(jīng)歷的孤寂。我尋找愛，因?yàn)槲以趷鄣目s影中看到了圣人和詩人眼里天堂的景象=這就是以往我尋找的，雖然對(duì)于人生來說似乎過于美好，但我終于找到了。

以同樣的激情，我尋求知識(shí)。我渴望理解人類的心靈。我想知道群星為何閃煉。我試圖領(lǐng)悟畢達(dá)哥拉斯的數(shù)的魔力，它支配著數(shù)的和諧。我已多少達(dá)到了此目的。

愛和知識(shí)總是通往天堂。但是憐憫總把我?guī)Щ貕m世。痛苦喊叫的回聲在我心中回蕩。

【答案】WhatIHaveLivedForbyBertrandRussell9.單選題

Inthemorningthechildrenweredelightedtofindthateverythingwasundera（）ofsnowoutside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coat

B.cloak

C.frock

D.shawl

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)coat“外套；表層”；B選項(xiàng)cloak“斗篷；寬大外衣”；C選項(xiàng)frock“女裝；連衣裙；罩袍”；D選項(xiàng)shawl“圍巾；長方形披巾”。句意：早上孩子們高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，外面的一切都在一層雪的下面。固定搭配acoatof“一層”，結(jié)合此處語境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的intuition“直覺”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B選項(xiàng)的surmise“猜測，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科學(xué)地，系統(tǒng)地”；C選項(xiàng)的experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，閱歷”；empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；D選項(xiàng)的conjecture“推測，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事實(shí)地，確實(shí)地”。根據(jù)句意‘與那些構(gòu)建理論上完美理想狀態(tài)的哲學(xué)家不同，她以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)建立其理論，因此，盡管她的概念可能比較粗糙，但它們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的角度看卻是切實(shí)可行的’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.寫作題

Readthefollowingarticleandthenwriteanessayinnolessthan250wordscommentingontheissuediscussedinthearticle.

1.Youshouldgiveanappropriatetitletoyouressay.

2.Youmusthaveaclearlystatedopinionontheissuediscussed

3.Youmustsupplyexamplesinsupportofyouropinion.

4.Youmustinteractwiththeopinionsinthegivearticle.

Nowreadarticlebelowandwriteyouressayontheanswersheet.

EnoughofTigerMomsandWolfDads

ByBerlinFang（ChinaDaily）

ThomasFriedmanwroteinhiscolumn,“Howaboutbetterparents?”（TheNewYorkTimes.Now19）,thatparentinvolvementiskeytostudentsuccess.

FedupwiththestatusquoofAmericaneducation,anddesperateforanalternativemodel,somereaderspepperedtheword“Asian”throughoutthecommentssectionforFriedman'sarticle.Onereaderwrote:“thequestionamongthecoacheswastheusual,whyweresomanyofourtopstudentsareAsian.IaskedwhenwasthelasttimetheyhadanAsianparentcomplainabouttoomuchhomework.”

Thisstatement,however,provesnothingexceptthetheoryofrelativityinhumanopinions.AsianparentsintheUnitedStatesrarelycomplainaboutchildren’shomeworkbecauseitisapicniccomparedtowhatgothroughinouryoungerdaysinourhomecountry.ButinAsiancountries,likeanyother,complaintsabound.

InChina,Iconstantlyhearparentscomplainthattheirchildrencannotgotobedtill11pmbecausetheyhavetoomanyassignments.

ActiveinvolvementofChineseparentsisatbestamyth,andthemythisrunningwildinthemedia.Afterdiscussionsonthe“TigerMom”（YaleProfessorAmyChua.authorofBattleHymnsoftheTigerMom）,theChinesemediarecentlybroughttolightacertain“wolfdad”，HongKong-basedbusinessmanXiaoBaiyou.whousedchickenfeatherdusterstospankthreeofhischildrenintoPekingUniversity,oneofChina’stopinstitutionsofhigherlearning.

Firsttigersandnowwolves,Isupposewe'llgettheentireanimalkingdomcoveredprettysoon.SuchreportsofSpartanparentinginstillfearamongWesternparentsandcomplacencyamongtheirChinesecounterparts,noneofwhichishealthyorjustifiable.

Generallyspeaking,ChineseparentslagfarbehindtheirAmericanpeersinparticipatingintheeducationoftheirchildren.IntheChinesecountryside,manyparentsleavehometoearnalivingasmigrantworkers.Theirchildrenthuslivewithgrandparents,whooftenhavelittleornoeducation.Pre-schooliseitherunavailableorexpensive.Manysuchchildrenoftencalled“l(fā)eft-behindchildren”，growupwithouteitherproperparentingorschooleducation.

Thoughchildreninmiddleclassfamilieslivewithparents,realinvolvementisfarfromdesirable.ManyChinesefamiliesintownsandcitiesaredual-incomefamilies,somebynecessity,othersbychoice.SomeAmericanmomsquittheirjobsafterchildbirthtotakecareoftheirchildren.Chinesemomsoftenquittheirchildrentotakecareoftheirjobs.Whileparentsarebusywiththeirjobsorcareers,manychildrenarebroughtuptoalargeextentbygrandparents,or“outsourced”toprivatetutorsorevennannies.

Ineithersituation,apredominantlymaterialisticworldviewdrivesparentstospendtheirtimeandenergymakingmoneyto“guarantee”theirchildren’sfuture.Mostspendmoneygenerouslyonchildren’seducation,buyingthemgoodthingsandsendingthemtoprivateclasses.Moneycanbuysomerelieffromtheguiltofstayingonthemarginsoftheirchildren’sdevelopment,butchildrendonotgetwhattheyreallyneedfromparents:theirtime,forinstance.

FriedmanquotesareportbytheProgramforInternationalStudentAssessment（PISA.thatparent-childreadingtimecorrelatestostudentachievementinPISAtests.WhenwasthelasttimeyousawaChineseparentreturningwithbagsofentertainmentreadingfromlibrariesorbookstoresasAmericanparentsdo?HowoftendocsaChineseparentactuallyreadabooktogetherwithhis/herchild?

Manyparentsevenforbidtheirchildrenfromreadingbookssuchasnovels,fairytalesorpoemsforfearthatsuchreadingwilldistractstudentsfrompreparingforexams.

Thewrongfocusonexamsfreesparentsfromparticipatingintheirchildren’seducation.Apartfromnotreading,parentsdon'tworkwithchildrenonschoolprojects,becausemuchofhomeworkisexam-relatedwhichchildrenaresupposedtoworkonindividually.

Parent’sroleisthusreducedtothatofanalarmclock-topromptchildrentodothisorthatatcertainhoursoftheday.Nowonder,nanniescandosubstituteparenting.Fortunately,evenanalarmclockhasitsvirtues.Chineseparentsdoafairlygoodjobofensuringtheirchildrenspendadequatetimestudying.Suchincreasedtimeoneducationaltaskspartiallyexplainswhytheyexcelininternationalbenchmarkingtests.

Thatbeingsaid,involvementcanbedeeperandricherinachild'spathofgrowth.Chineseparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththeirchildren,ratherthankeepingtomeforthemlikeaclock.Parentsshouldworkwithchildrenasadevelopingperson,notjustatest-taker.Parentsoughttomeetthekinetic,artistic,mental,social,psychologicalandspiritualneedsoftheirchildren.

Rememberthatchildrenarehumanbeingsinstagesofdevelopment.Sowhynotforgetabouttigermomsandwolfdads,andfocusonbeinghumanparentsinstead?

【答案】略

12.單選題

Thefootballclubwill

newmembersthefirstweeknextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribe

B.absorb

C.register

D.recruit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subscribe“簽署”；absorb“吸收；吸引”；register“登記”；recruit“征募”。句意：下個(gè)月第一周這個(gè)足球俱樂部會(huì)招募新成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“（~about/onsth）看法，見解”；B選項(xiàng)avision“想象；幻想”；C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”；D選項(xiàng)asight“（看見的或看得見的）事物或景象；一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國家面臨的醫(yī)療問題?？偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問題更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

14.單選題

Afterhermarriage,thehappylife（

）herappearance,makingherlookmorebeautifulthanever.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transfigured

B.disfigured

C.disheveled

D.transformed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transfigure“使改觀；美化”；disfigure“使變丑；使大為減色”；dishevel“使蓬亂；弄亂"；transform“改變，使……變形；轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：婚后，幸福的生活使她的樣貌改變，她變得比以前更漂亮了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Passage1

Manyhumandiseasesarecausedbytheabsenceorinappropriatepresenceofaprotein.Theproteincouldthenbeadministeredtopatientsinordertocompensateforitsabsence.Today,genetherapyistheultimatemethodofproteindelivery,inwhichthedeliveredgeneentersthebody'scellsandturnsthemintosmall"factories1'thatproduceatherapeuticproteinforaspecificdiseaseoveraprolongedperiod.Asgenetherapyhasmovedfromthelaboratoryintotheclinic,severalissueshaveemergedascentraltothedevelopmentofthistechnology:geneidentification,geneexpressionandgenedelivery.Anumberofdisease-relatedgeneswithdirectclinicalvaluehavealreadybeenidentified,andthisnumberisgrowingasthefieldrapidlyadvances.Geneswithbroaderclinicalapplicationarealsobeingutilizedtomakeceilsexpressimmuneactivatingagentslocallyatthediseasesiteortobecomesusceptibletofurtherdrugtreatmentortoimmuneresponserecognition.

Passage2

Itisthenowwell-knownIBMbrandthatformedpartofthecomputersciencerevolution.IBMreleasedtheIBM704andlatertheIBM709computers,whichwerewidelyusedduringtheexplorationperiodofsuchdevices.Duringthelate1950s,thecomputersciencedisciplinewasverymuchinitsdevelopmentalst