考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三門(mén)峽社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三門(mén)峽社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

6.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillrainsoon.

B.It’srighttobeproposed.

C.Sheisworriedabouttheweather.

D.Tobesafe,they'dbetterstayathome.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Idon’tthinkyouneedtotakeanumbrella.

W:Itmightrain,bettersafethansorry.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語(yǔ)。女士說(shuō)：bettersafethansorry，這是一句諺語(yǔ)，意思是“謹(jǐn)言慎行不吃虧，輕率莽撞必后悔”。

2.翻譯題

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.

【答案】

繁榮傳播開(kāi)來(lái)的幾大好處包括：創(chuàng)新的傳播范圍會(huì)擴(kuò)大，以及進(jìn)行有利可圖的交流的機(jī)會(huì)增多。美國(guó)的崛起就曾為英國(guó)帶來(lái)此類(lèi)益處。此外，同樣有價(jià)值的（雖然并不確定）是以往的窮國(guó)在政治上會(huì)更加穩(wěn)定。最大的劣勢(shì)是對(duì)稀缺資源的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。能源是一種缺席資源：如果A國(guó)的資源增多，那B國(guó)的能源就會(huì)減少。資源也是有限的。

3.單選題

Tomwarnedhisfriendthathewould（）thelawifhestole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abideby

B.fallafoulof

C.doawaywith

D.laydown

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。abideby遵守；fellafoulof與...相抵觸、冒犯；doawaywith廢除；laydown制定、放下。句意：Tom警告他的朋友，如果偷竊，他將觸犯法律。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

TheDepartmentofResourcesnotifiedthetowncouncilthatthewatersupplywas______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplated

B.contaminated

C.contemned

D.consulted

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)contemplate“沉思，注視”，B項(xiàng)contaminate“污染”，C項(xiàng)contemn“蔑視，侮辱”，D項(xiàng)consult“請(qǐng)教，商議”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watersupply“水源”可知，最搭配的是B項(xiàng)。句意：資源部門(mén)告知市議會(huì)，水源受到污染。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Willallthose（

）theproposalraisetheirhands?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inrelationto

B.inexcessto

C.incontrastto

D.infavorof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inrelationto意為“與……相關(guān)”；inexcessto意為“超過(guò)”；incontrastto意為“與……對(duì)比鮮明，相比之下”；infavorof意為“贊成，支持”。

句意：支持這個(gè)提議的所有這些人都會(huì)舉手嗎？

6.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對(duì)女性話(huà)語(yǔ)和男性話(huà)語(yǔ)劃分的態(tài)度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的，獨(dú)斷的

B.snobbishB.勢(shì)利的

C.approvingC.贊成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分，需要堅(jiān)定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力（considerableeffort）。它也會(huì)讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢（fairlyfoolish）的判斷，尤其是在語(yǔ)言方面?！?，從considerable和fairlyfoolish可以看出，作者對(duì)于男性和女性語(yǔ)言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“肯定的，獨(dú)斷的”、B選項(xiàng)“勢(shì)利的”曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“贊成的”與原文相反，反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思？

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.強(qiáng)大的。

C.Obedient.C.順從的。

D.Unmasculine.D.無(wú)男子漢氣概的。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會(huì)說(shuō)自信的女孩是非女性化的（unfeminine），能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate，并試圖改變他們，同時(shí)仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話(huà)的刻板印象”，從中可知，effeminate與unfeminine是相對(duì)應(yīng)的，自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化，那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會(huì)被認(rèn)為非男性化，所以推測(cè)effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不像女性的”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的”、C選項(xiàng)“順從的”屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來(lái)表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語(yǔ)言中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語(yǔ)言

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容：我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào)，女性是高音調(diào)，但是解剖學(xué)也無(wú)法解釋這種音高差異；也就是說(shuō)音高中的性別差異無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異，問(wèn)題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上，而不是語(yǔ)言上?！保芍词怪懒诵詣e差異，也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并不能從語(yǔ)言上來(lái)很好區(qū)分，作者以pitch為例就是做一個(gè)類(lèi)比，所以同樣地，語(yǔ)言中的性別差異也無(wú)法很好地說(shuō)明。C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語(yǔ)言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的，張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語(yǔ)言”也與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)不屬于女性談話(huà)的刻板印象？

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話(huà)。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實(shí)比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯，或者在句子中間停止說(shuō)話(huà)，或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場(chǎng)時(shí)，她們就不會(huì)這樣做”，以及第四段第一句“這些女性語(yǔ)言特征（characteristicsoffemale）都沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，綜合理解可知，女性語(yǔ)言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話(huà)沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話(huà)和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑椋@是我們對(duì)女性談話(huà)的刻板印象。只有D項(xiàng)“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖，但符合題意，故選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項(xiàng)“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項(xiàng)“句子還沒(méi)說(shuō)完就停止說(shuō)話(huà)”均符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說(shuō)話(huà)是因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說(shuō)話(huà)的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說(shuō)話(huà)的特點(diǎn)

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性沒(méi)有高聲說(shuō)話(huà)，通常并不是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苓@樣做。原因更有可能是處罰（penalties）。嗓音尖的男性常成為嘲笑（ridicule）的對(duì)象?！?，綜合理解可知，男性不會(huì)高聲說(shuō)話(huà)的原因是他們怕被別人嘲笑，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“男性不能這樣做”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“高音是女性說(shuō)話(huà)的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說(shuō)話(huà)的特點(diǎn)”是男性被嘲笑的原因，而不是不能高聲說(shuō)話(huà)的原因，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種差異無(wú)法用解剖學(xué)來(lái)解釋”，其中差異指的是音高差異，可知該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

______anypreviousexperience,Johndoesn’tstandachanceofgettingthatjob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nothaving

B.Nothavinghad

C.Havingnot

D.Havingnothad

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：約翰因?yàn)闆](méi)有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)得到那份工作。句子前半部分是后半部分的現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是notdoing，A選項(xiàng)Nothaving符合題意，C選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，B選項(xiàng)Nothavinghad是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

People______allsortsofdisabilitiesandrecoverfromallsortsofthings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getover

B.getaway

C.getoff

D.getaheadof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)getover“克服，恢復(fù)”，B項(xiàng)getaway“離開(kāi)，逃脫”，C項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身”，D項(xiàng)getaheadof“超過(guò)，勝過(guò)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞allsortsofdisabilities（各種各樣的障礙/殘疾）可推測(cè)，空格處表示“克服”，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：人們克服各種障礙，從各種事情中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thetrafficpoliceweresearchingforevidencetoprovetheaccusedman’sguilt,butin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hollow

B.empty

C.void

D.vain

【答案】D

【解析】invain為固定搭配,表示“徒勞的”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

ThestatusofwomenincolonialNorthAmericahasbeenwellstudiedanddescribedandcanbebrieflysummarized.Throughoutthecolonialperiodtherewasamarkedshortageofwomen,whichvariedwiththeregionsandwasalwaysgreatestinthefrontierareas.Thisfavorableratioenhancedwomen’sstatusandpositionandallowedthemtopursuedifferentcareers.ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,andbelievedthatlifeinanunderdevelopedcountrymadeitabsolutelynecessarythateachmemberofthecommunityperformaneconomicfunction.Thusworkforwomen,marriedorsingle,wasnotonlyapproved,itwasregardedasacivicduty.Puritantowncouncilsexpectedwidowsandunattachedwomentobeself-supportingandforalongtimeprovidedneedyspinsterswithparcelsofland.Therewasnosocialsanctionagainstmarriedwomenworking；onthecontrary,wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.Needychildren,girlsaswellasboys,wereindenturedorapprenticedandwereexpectedtoworkfortheirkeep.

Thevastmajorityo￡womenworkedwithintheirhomes,wheretheirlaborproducedmostarticlesneededforthefamily.Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.Inadditiontotheseoccupations,womenwerefoundinmanydifferentkindsofemployment.Theywerebutchers,silversmiths,gunsmiths,upholsterers.Theytanmills,plantations,tanyards,shipyards,andeverykindofshop,tavern,andboardinghouse.Theyweregatekeepers,jailkeepers,sextons,journalists,printers,apothecaries,midwives,nurses,andteachers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePuritanwere（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthePuritansexpectfrommarriedwomen?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichproductsweremadeentirelybywomen?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Colonialmarriages.

B.ThePuritanreligion.

C.Colonialwomen’semployment.

D.Educationinthecolonies.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.uneducated

B.hardworking

C.generous

D.wealthy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldadoptneedychildren.

B.Theyshouldassistintheirhusbands’tradeorbusiness.

C.Theyshouldworkonlywithintheirownhomes.

D.Theyshouldbeapprenticed.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gunpowderandbullets.

B.Cupsandplates.

C.Clothandclothing.

D.Paperandbooks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，殖民時(shí)期因?yàn)榕匀藬?shù)很少，所以對(duì)她們的社會(huì)地位和就業(yè)產(chǎn)生了有利影響，女性可以有自己的職業(yè)選擇。所以文章主要是討論女性的就業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ThePuritans,thereligioussectthatdominatedtheearlyBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,regardedidlenessasasin,”，他們認(rèn)為懶惰是一種罪惡，可是清教徒是勤勞的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“wiveswereexpectedtohelptheirhusbandsintheirtradeandwonsocialapprovalfordoingextraworkinoroutofthehome.”丈夫期待妻子可以在他們的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)幫助他們，并且可以從事額外的行業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theentirecolonialproductionofclothandclothingandpartiallythatofshoeswasinthehandsofwomen.”可知，布料和服裝都是女性親手做的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險(xiǎn)的；脅迫的；兇兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“縱容的；默許的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英國(guó)小說(shuō)家威廉?薩克雷認(rèn)為對(duì)罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)的，所以他批評(píng)狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

12.單選題

TheSpaceAge______inOctober1975whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheformerSovietUnion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開(kāi)始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動(dòng)，團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生；B選項(xiàng)originate“起源于，來(lái)自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項(xiàng)commence“開(kāi)始”，指重大事件及歷史時(shí)期的開(kāi)始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時(shí)代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

13.單選題

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsof-thefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature（IUCN）,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcern,asthespeciesis.verywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanetandourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

ThislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticViewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

1.Weusedtohaveapositivevisionofthefuturebecauseof（）.

2.AccordingtotheIUCN’s“RedList”,humanbeing（）.

3.Paragraph5suggestthat（）.

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

B.ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aretheworld’sdominantpower

B.willthreatentheenvironment

C.facenomajorthreats

D.areamisplacedrace

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies

B.technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem

C.theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise

D.ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.exploreourplanet’sabundantresources

B.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

C.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第一段可知，直到幾十年前，我們對(duì)未來(lái)的看法大多是積極的。科學(xué)和技術(shù)將治愈人類(lèi)的所有疾病，為所有人帶來(lái)滿(mǎn)足和充滿(mǎn)機(jī)會(huì)的生活。由此可以判斷，我們通常對(duì)未來(lái)?yè)碛蟹e極的態(tài)度是因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈趴萍嫉牧α?。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段，由第三段最后一句“...therearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”可知，人類(lèi)目前并沒(méi)有什么主要的威脅可以導(dǎo)致整體人口下降。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。由第五段第一句“Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.”可知考慮時(shí)間跨度比較長(zhǎng)的未來(lái)要比考慮近期的未來(lái)更容易。由此可判斷D選項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng)均不能由第五段內(nèi)容得出，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第六段第二句。由“thepastholdsthekeytothefuture”可知，我們的過(guò)去掌握著通往未來(lái)的鑰匙。因此，要確保人類(lèi)的未來(lái)，非常關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)就是要從過(guò)去總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是因?yàn)榭萍嫉倪M(jìn)步，人類(lèi)的未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)光明，我們現(xiàn)在擁有足夠的知識(shí)來(lái)減少許多威脅人類(lèi)生存的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且能夠改善未來(lái)人類(lèi)的命運(yùn)。因此，A選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)永遠(yuǎn)光明的未來(lái)”最適合作為文章的題目。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.pertinent

C.preventive

D.prevalent

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有關(guān)的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

C.preventive預(yù)防性的D.prevalent盛行的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】原句主語(yǔ)為“關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒”，后文內(nèi)容為“在20世紀(jì)70年代末的西歐國(guó)家”，只有D選項(xiàng)prevalent“盛行的”符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】20世紀(jì)70年代末，西歐國(guó)家普遍存在對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒。

15.單選題

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關(guān)系。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續(xù)狀態(tài),所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Beongoodtermswith同某人關(guān)系好,是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。故選B。

16.單選題

Forcenturiesanimalshavebeenusedas（）forpeopleinexperimentstoassesstheeffectsoftherapeuticandotheragentsthatmightlaterbeusedinhumans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefactors

B.companions

C.precedent

D.surrogates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:benefactor“捐助者”；B:companion“同伴”；C:precedent“先例”；D:surrogate“代理；代用品，代替”。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，動(dòng)物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被用作人類(lèi)的替代品，用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)那些以后會(huì)用在人類(lèi)身上的醫(yī)療制劑和其他制劑的效果。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D為正確答案。

17.單選題

Passage1Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.

AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplaces,someofthecountry’smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,waitingareasandtreatmentrooms.

Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whosetuphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringtheearly1970.Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsociety,andthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.

Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas5000visitorseachweek.Whatabetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaoftheManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospitalartist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.

Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitorexperiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.

Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,“tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings”means______.

22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?

23.AccordingtoPeterSenior,______.

24.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,______.

25.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.topulldownhospitalbuildings

B.todecoratehospitalswithartcollections

C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals

D.tomakethecornersofhospitalsbuildingsround

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.

B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.

C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.

D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodernsociety

B.artgalleriesshouldbechangedintohospitals

C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting

D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospitals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery

B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs

C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery

D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peter’senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly

B.PeterSeniorenjoysgreatpopularity

C.theyaretalentedhospitalartists

D.theroleofhospitalenvironmentisbeingrecognized

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Accordingtothepassage,“tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings”means______.21.根據(jù)這篇文章，“軟化現(xiàn)代建筑的硬邊”意味著______。

A.topulldownhospitalbuildingsA.拆除醫(yī)院建筑

B.todecoratehospitalswithartcollectionsB.用藝術(shù)收藏品裝飾醫(yī)院

C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitalsC.提高醫(yī)院的治療質(zhì)量

D.tomakethecornersofhospitalsbuildingsroundD.使醫(yī)院建筑的角落成為圓形

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句“作為英國(guó)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)將藝術(shù)帶出畫(huà)廊、帶到公共場(chǎng)所的努力的一部分，英國(guó)一些最有才華的藝術(shù)家被請(qǐng)來(lái)改造舊醫(yī)院，并軟化現(xiàn)代建筑的硬邊”，從中理解可知，軟化現(xiàn)代建筑的硬邊是將藝術(shù)帶出畫(huà)廊、帶到公共場(chǎng)所的努力的一部分，也就是說(shuō)“軟化現(xiàn)代建筑的硬邊”意味著讓藝術(shù)家用藝術(shù)品來(lái)裝飾醫(yī)院，故B項(xiàng)“用藝術(shù)收藏品裝飾醫(yī)院”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“拆除醫(yī)院建筑”和D項(xiàng)“使醫(yī)院建筑的角落成為圓形”原文都沒(méi)有依據(jù)，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“提高醫(yī)院的治療質(zhì)量”是藝術(shù)改變醫(yī)院的環(huán)境質(zhì)量的結(jié)果，而不是“軟化現(xiàn)代建筑的硬邊”的隱含內(nèi)容，該項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?22.我們對(duì)彼得知道一些什么呢？

A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.A.他是把藝術(shù)引入醫(yī)院的先驅(qū)。

B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.B.他是一個(gè)對(duì)繪畫(huà)感