考研考博-英語-宣城職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宣城職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

______designedtohelppoorAfricanconsumers,thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers.

問題1選項

A.Ostensibly

B.Constantly

C.Ultimately

D.Furtively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項ostensibly“表面上，外表”，B項constantly“不斷地，時常地”，C項ultimately“最后，根本，基本上”，D項furtively“偷偷地，暗中地”。由thebeefprogramisreallyaimedathelpingrichEuropeanfarmers“牛肉項目實際上是為了幫助富有的歐洲農(nóng)民”可知，前后語義上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么與really“實際上”相對的是ostensibly“表面上”。句意：這個牛肉項目表面上是為了幫助貧窮的非洲消費者，實際上是為了幫助富裕的歐洲農(nóng)民。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

ThomasLeech（）averysuccessfulcareerasaphotographer.

問題1選項

A.builtup

B.carvedout

C.foughtfor

D.stumbledon

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。buildup“增強，加強”；carvedout“創(chuàng)業(yè)，開創(chuàng)”；foughtfor“為而奮斗”；stumbleon“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到”。句意：托馬斯作為一名攝影師開創(chuàng)了一份成功的事業(yè)。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

問題1選項

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨立的”;separated“分開的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨立的身份。選項B更符合句意。

4.單選題

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

問題1選項

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。fulfillment“履行，實行，滿足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“創(chuàng)新”；illumination“闡明”。句意：成功后他獲得了一種滿足感。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thismethod________myheadache.Itreallytakeseffect.

問題1選項

A.soothes

B.sobers

C.soars

D.soaks

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。soothes“安慰，緩和”；sobers“使嚴(yán)肅，使清醒”；soars“上升，高聳”；soaks“浸泡，滲透”。句意：這種方法減輕了我的頭痛，真的起了作用。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Alotofchildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.

問題1選項

A.ensured

B.stripped

C.accused

D.inquired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ensured“確?！?；B選項stripped“剝奪”；C選項accused“控告”；D選項inquired“詢問”。句意：許多孩子被剝奪了正常的家庭生活。劃線部分deprived是剝奪的意思。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

PassageOne

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.

23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

問題1選項

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

問題3選項

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一句Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（我們可以責(zé)怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕）可以推斷出，C選項“司機的行為”符合題意。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)劃線部分“你可能會容忍那些古怪的橫沖直撞、粗魯無禮的司機，但如今那些有禮貌的司機卻是例外”可以推斷出，有禮貌的司機不多見，因此D選項“現(xiàn)在不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)”正確。

23.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior（當(dāng)遇到不文明行為時，只有頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機才能抵制報復(fù)的誘惑）可以推斷出，司機的goodsense是指他們能理智地看待別人的行為并做出適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)，因此A選項“司機的理解能力和合理反應(yīng)的能力”正確。

24.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.（多年前，專家警告我們，汽車保有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者更多的互讓）可知，B選項“司機們應(yīng)該做好互相讓道的準(zhǔn)備”正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（馬路禮貌不僅是一種禮貌，也是一種良好的意識）和第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，錯誤的禮貌也可能是危險的）可知，作者認(rèn)為司機應(yīng)文明駕駛，但又要恰當(dāng)?shù)囟Y讓，因此B選項“司機應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂玫缆范Y貌”正確。

8.單選題

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

問題1選項

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；possibility“可能性”；possession“擁有，財產(chǎn)”；preference“偏愛，優(yōu)先權(quán)”。句意：調(diào)查結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于顧客購物習(xí)慣的獨特畫面，以及他們的動機和偏好。D項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。根據(jù)句意‘這些調(diào)查表明許多犯罪…，主要因為不是所有的受害者都會舉報?！_定空格處填的意思是否定含義‘沒有被記錄’，動詞go與否定式的過去分詞連用，表示某動作未發(fā)生，A選項正確。

10.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問題2選項

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問題3選項

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問題4選項

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問題5選項

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測negligence意為疏忽，過失。ignorance無知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項的說法錯誤。

3.題干問的是法院對火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團裁決鐵路公司負(fù)責(zé)全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團的決定，認(rèn)為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對此負(fù)責(zé)任，而離得較遠的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開始反對鐵路公司——反對他們在經(jīng)濟和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價以及他們對個人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知，C選項“經(jīng)濟損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。

11.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問題1選項

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項athand“在手邊，即將到來”；B選項inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項atlength“詳細地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒有時間進行詳細說明，但他就自己的計劃給了我們一個大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項D符合語境。

12.單選題

CharlesReznikoof(1894-1976)workedrelentlessly,neverleavingNewYorkbutforabriefstayinHollywood,ofallplaces.HewasadmiredbyPoundandKennethBurke,andoftenpublishedhisownworks;intheDepressionera,hemanagedatreadleprintingpressinhisbasement.Hewrotethreesortsofpoems:exceptionallyshortimagisticlyrics;longerpiecescraftedandcobbledfromothersources,oftenfromtheJudaictradition;andbook-lengthpoemswroughtfromthetestimonybothofHolocausttrialsandfromthecourtroomsoftum-of-the-centuryAmerica.Twoofthesefull-lengthvolumeswereindeedtitles“Testimony”,aswasanearlierprosework;itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany.Whenaskedlateinlifetodefinehispoetry,itwasnotthewordhechose.

“Objectivist”,hewrote,naminghislongstandinggroup,andmimickingpoeticstylewithasingleprosesentence:“imagesclearbutthemeaningnotstatedbutsuggestedbytheobjectivedetailsandthemusicoftheverse;wordspithyandplain;withouttheartificeofregularmeters;themes,chieflyJewish,American,urban.”Ifthesentencesoundshard-won,thisisperhapsbecauseitwas.Fourdecadesearlier,hewroteinalettertofriends,“ThereisalearnedarticleaboutmyverseinPoetrythismonth,fromwhichIlearnthatIamanobjectivist.”ThelearnedfellowwasLouisZukofsky,brillianteminenceoftheobjectivists,“withwhomIdisagreeastobothformandcontentofverse,buttowhomIamobligedforplacingsomeofmythingshereandthere.”SoreadReznikoof’sconclusionin1931,withitsfillipofpoliteresentment.

Movementsandschoolsarearbitraryandimmaterialthingsbywhichpoetichistoryistold.ThismusthaverankledReznikoof,whospenthiswritinglifetracingthematerialandthenecessary.

BornachildofimmigrantsinBrooklynin1894,hewasinjournalismschoolat16,tookalawdegreeat21.Thoughhewaslittleinterestedinlegalpractice,theideaswouldbeneartheheartofhiswriting.Idealpoeticlanguage,hewrote,“isrestrictedalmosttothetestimonyofawitnessinacourtoflaw.”Ifthissuggestsacongenitaloptimismaboutthelaw,itmadeforastonishinglycare-filledpoetry.Reznikoofisunsurpassedinconveyingthesensethatworldisworthgettingright.Notthegloriousorthedamagedworld,buttheworldthatiseverythingthatisthecase.Reznikoof’sfaithinthefactsofthecasetakesonanintensitynolesssocialthanspiritual,nogreaterwhensurveyingtheOldTestamentthanNewYork.Thiscollectiongathersallhispoems(butforthosealreadybook-length)bythetechniqueofcompressingontosinglepagesasmanyasfiveorsixatatime.Thiscanlessentheforce;eachisasortofAmericanhaiku,thoughnomoreimpressionisticthanahand-operatedprintingpress.Onesuch,numbered69inthevolume“JerusalemtheGolden”runsinitslength:“Amongtheheapsofbrickandplasterliesagirder,stillitselfamongtherubbish.”ThisexemplarycoupletissometimestakentorepresentReznikoof’spoetryitself,immutableandcertainamidthetransitory.

1.Bysaying“itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany”(Line8,Paragraph1)theauthorimplies（

）.

2.Reznikoff'sattitudetothefactthathewasgroupedasobjectivistis（

）.

3.Theword“rankled”(Line2,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthe4thparagraphthat（

）.

5.Bycitingthepoeminthelastparagraph,theauthorintendsto（b）.

問題1選項

A.CharlesReznikoffalwayswroteworksabouttestimony

B.CharlesReznikoofwasalwaysinvolvedinthetestimonyaffairs

C.CharlesReznikooflikedtowritetestimony

D.CharlesReznikoofisbusylawyer

問題2選項

A.approval

B.indifference

C.opposition

D.suspicionNormal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

問題3選項

A.interested

B.angered

C.pleased

D.consoled

問題4選項

A.Reznuikofflikedtolearnlaw

B.Reznikoffwasmoreinterestedinspiritualworldthaninsocialworld

C.itisastonishingthatReznikoffwrotecare-filledpoetry

D.Reznikoffwasgreatlyinfluencedbyhislegalexperienceinhispoetrywriting

問題5選項

A.showthattheforceislessenedinthisway

B.showthatthepoemisnotimpressionistic

C.showthatthepoemisimmutable

D.showthatthepoemiscompressed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Twoofthesefull-lengthvolumeswereindeedtitles‘Testimony’,aswasanearlierprosework;itwasawordthatkepthimclosecompany.其中兩卷書的標(biāo)題是證詞，就像早期的散文作品一樣；這是一個和他形影不離的詞?！笨芍闋査瓜矚g寫一些和證詞相關(guān)的作品。故A項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“ThereisalearnedarticleaboutmyverseinPoetrythismonth,fromwhichIlearnthatIamanobjectivist.”ThelearnedfellowwasLouisZukofsky,brillianteminenceoftheobjectivists,“withwhomIdisagreeastobothformandcontentofverse,buttowhomIamobligedforplacingsomeofmythingshereandthere.”SoreadReznikoof’sconclusionin1931,withitsfillipofpoliteresentment.這個月的詩里有一篇關(guān)于我的詩的學(xué)習(xí)文章，從中我了解到我是一個客觀主義者。這位學(xué)者就是路易?祖科夫斯基，他是一位杰出的客觀主義者，我對于詩歌的形式和內(nèi)容都不同意他的觀點，但是我不得不把我的一些東西放在這里和那里。雷茲尼考夫1931年的結(jié)論是這樣的，其中不乏禮貌的不滿。”可知查爾斯對于路易斯稱其為客觀主義者持不贊成的態(tài)度。故C項正確。

3.詞義題。由第三段“Movementsandschoolsarearbitraryandimmaterialthingsbywhichpoetichistoryistold.ThismusthaverankledReznikoof,whospenthiswritinglifetracingthematerialandthenecessary.運動和學(xué)派是講述詩歌歷史的隨意、非物質(zhì)的東西。這肯定會…查爾斯，因為他的寫作生涯主要是描述物質(zhì)和必然的東西?！备鶕?jù)前后句關(guān)系可判斷兩者存在矛盾，即運動和學(xué)派講述的東西會讓查爾斯很生氣。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Thoughhewaslittleinterestedinlegalpractice,theideaswouldbeneartheheartofhiswriting.雖然他對法律實踐不感興趣，但這些想法將是他寫作的核心?！笨芍稍诓闋査沟脑姼鑴?chuàng)作中起到了很大的作用，故D項“查爾斯的詩歌創(chuàng)作深受法律經(jīng)驗的影響”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thiscollectiongathersallhispoems(butforthosealreadybook-length)bythetechniqueofcompressingontosinglepagesasmanyasfiveorsixatatime.Thiscanlessentheforce;eachisasortofAmericanhaiku,thoughnomoreimpressionisticthanahand-operatedprintingpress.這本詩集收集了他所有的詩歌（但對于那些已經(jīng)有書本長度的詩歌來說），采用了一次壓縮五六頁的技術(shù)。這可以削弱力量；雖然不比手動印刷機更具有深刻印象，每一句都是一種美國俳句。”后面引用了一首詩作為被壓縮之后的詩歌的例子。故D項“顯示這首詩被壓縮了”正確。

13.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Oneofthemoststrikingresultsofmoderndemocracyhasbeenthegradualbutsteadyerosionofallclassesofdistinctionandthesubsequentlevelingofsocietytothepointwhereeveryoneisexpectedtotreateveryoneelseinexactlythesameway.Wemustmakenodistinctionbetweenyoungandold,maleorfemale,distinguishedordissolute.Asaresult,commoncourtesyisatanalltimelowandanunhealthyreservoirofresentmentatanalltimehigh.Everypersonsuspectsheisnotreceivinghisdueandissuspiciousthatdeference(尊重)intheformofcourtesyonhispartwillbemistakenassubmission.Authorityissuspectedtobenothingbuttheunfairabuseofpowerandyetpeopleseemtobeseekingtruesourcesofauthorityamidtherulingrelativismbyfollowingfadsandtheever-changinggurus(領(lǐng)袖)oftheself-helpindustry.Thepressuretoconformtopop-culturestandardsisalsoimmense,somuchso,thatindividualityitselfisthreatened.

(SelectedfromTheMythOfEqualitybyRebeccaBynum,2008)

【答案】現(xiàn)代民主最引人注目的結(jié)果之一就是逐漸的但是穩(wěn)定地削弱階級差別，同時把社會平等推進到人人期待他人用完全相同的方式平等對待自己的地步。我們必須消除老與少、男與女、高貴與低俗之間的任何差別。結(jié)果，共同的禮貌處于歷史最低點，不健康的怨憤情緒處于最高點。人人都懷疑自己沒有得到足夠重視，人人都擔(dān)心自己以禮貌的方式表現(xiàn)出來的尊重被錯誤地當(dāng)作順從和屈服。權(quán)威被人質(zhì)疑，除了不公正地濫用權(quán)力，什么也不是。但人們似乎從控制一切的相對主義中尋找真正的權(quán)威，聽命于時尚潮流和自我?guī)椭a(chǎn)業(yè)中不斷更新的大師。與大眾文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致的壓力非常巨大，以至于人們的個性本身遭受威脅。

14.單選題

In1900theUnitedStateshadonlythreecitieswithmorethanamillionresidents-NewYork,Chicago,andPhiladelphia.By1930,ithadtengiantmetropolises.Theneweronesexperiencedremarkablegrowth,whichreflectedbasicchangesintheeconomy.

LineThepopulationofLosAngeles(114,000in1900)rosespectacularlyintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,increasingadramatic1,400percentfrom1900to1930.AnumberofcircumstancescontributedtothemeteoricriseofLosAngeles.Theagriculturalpotentialoftheareawasenormousifwaterforirrigationcouldbefound,andthecityfoundershadthevisionanddatingtoobtainitbyconstructinga225-mileaqueduct,completedin1913,totapthewateroftheOwensRiver.Thecityhadasuperbnaturalharbor,aswellasexcellentrailconnections.Theclimatemadeitpossibletoshootmotionpicturesyear-round;henceHollywood.Hollywoodnotonlysuppliedjobs;itdisseminatedanimageofthegoodlifeinSouthernCaliforniaonscreensallacrossthenation.ThemostimportantsingleindustrypoweringthegrowthofLosAngeles,however,wasdirectlylinkedtotheautomobile.ThedemandforpetroleumtofuelgasolineenginesledtotheopeningoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields,andmadeLosAngelesNorthAmerica'sgreatestrefiningcenter.

LosAngeleswasaproductoftheautoageinanothersenseaswell:itsdistinctivespatialorganizationdependedonwidespreadprivateownershipofautomobiles.LosAngeleswasadecentralizedmetropolis,sprawlingacrossthedesertlandscapeoveranareaof400squaremiles.Itwasacitywithoutarealcenter.Thedowntownbusinessdistrictdidnotgrowapacewiththecityasawhole,andtherapidtransitsystemdesignedtolinkthecenterwithoutlyingareaswitheredawayfromdisuse.Approximately800,000carswereregisteredinLosAngelesCountyin1930,oneper2.7residents.SomevisitorsfromtheeastcoastweredismayedattheendlessurbansprawlanddismissedLosAngelesasamerecollectionofsuburbsinsearchofacity.Butthefreedomandmobilityofacitybuiltonwheelsattractedfloodsofmigrantstothecity.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.TheauthorcharacterizesthegrowthofnewlargecitiesintheUnitedStatesafter1900asresultingprimarilyfrom（）

3.Theword"meteoric"inline6isclosestinmeaningto（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofagriculturearoundLosAngeleswasthe（）

5.ThevisitorsfromtheeastcoastmentionedinthepassagethoughtthatLosAngeles（）

問題1選項

A.ThegrowthofcitiesintheUnitedStatesintheearly1900's.

B.ThedevelopmentoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields.

C.FactorscontributingtothegrowthofLosAngeles.

D.IndustryandcityplanninginLosAngeles.

問題2選項

A.neweconomicconditions

B.imagesofcitiesshowninmovies

C.newagriculturaltechniques

D.alargemigrantpopulation

問題3選項

A.rapid

B.famous

C.controversial

D.methodical

問題4選項

A.influxof"newresidentstoagriculturalareasnearthecity

B.constructionofanaqueduct

C.expansionoftransportationfacilities

D.developmentofnewconnectionstothecity'snaturalharbor

問題5選項

A.wasnotaccuratelyportrayedbyHollywoodimages

B.lackedgoodsuburbanareasinwhichtolive

C.hadanexcessivelylargepopulation

D.wasnotreallyasinglecity

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:通讀全文，以及第二段的第三句Anumberof...LosAngeles.可知，本文主要講的是許多因素促成了洛杉磯的發(fā)展。選項C正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，1990年以后，美國大城市的迅速發(fā)展主要是由于經(jīng)濟發(fā)生了變化，選項A符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)上下文，人口和經(jīng)濟都在以驚人的速度在增長，下文對洛杉磯各個方面的描述也可以看出，這種增長是快速的，所以選項A更貼近原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Theagriculturalpotential...theOwensRiver”如果能找到灌溉用水，這個地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)潛力是巨大的。城市建造者們通過建造一條225英里長的溝渠來獲取水資源。所以，發(fā)展洛杉磯農(nóng)業(yè)的重要因素就是建造溝渠。選項B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Somevisitors...ofacity.”一些來自東海岸的游客對無休止的城市擴張感到沮喪，他們認(rèn)為洛杉磯只不過是郊區(qū)的集合。所以選項D正確。

15.單選題

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

問題1選項

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight輕微的，纖細的，脆弱的；mild溫和的，輕微的；minute微小的。句意：“這盞燈太暗了，我沒法看書?！蔽覀儾皇窃谑裁吹胤接幸粋€明亮的燈泡嗎?”老人說。燈光昏暗用dim來形容，選項A正確。

16.單選題

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

問題1選項

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積累;累積”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“類似，像”。根據(jù)后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在門口集合，因此選項C符合題意。句意：這些導(dǎo)游讓游客在酒店門口集合。

17.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-rounde