考研考博-英語-寧夏民族職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏民族職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Japanisa（）societyofonenationalityandafewunderrepresentedminoritygroups，suchastheethnicChineseandKoreans.

問題1選項

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.homogenous

D.instantaneous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：日本是一個（）單民族社會，由一個民族和一些代表性不足的像中國人和韓國人這樣的少數(shù)群體組成。spontaneous自發(fā)的；simultaneous同時存在的；homogenous同源的，純系的；instantaneous瞬間的。C選項homogenous符合句意。

2.單選題

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

問題1選項

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

問題2選項

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

問題3選項

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到意見指的是個人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到他們陳述的內(nèi)容是經(jīng)過深思熟慮得來的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到每個人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見。但是只有在不傷害他人的情況下，我們才可以自由地按照自己的意見行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每個人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見，但是并不是隨心所欲地發(fā)表，前提是不傷害別人，因此選項D符合題意。

3.翻譯題

這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談論的一個重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀的強盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。

【答案】

AlthoughthiscurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchangewasverycursory,wesawmanyplaces,visitoldfriendsandmakesomenewfriends.ThemostimportanttopicwetalkedaboutwashowtobuildaprosperousChinainthe21swhenwegottogether.TeenagerslivinginourmainlandandTaiwanhavetheirownvariouslifeexperiencebecauseofthedifferentsocialenvironments,butthemarksofoursplendidtraditionsofChinesecultureareengravedintheirinnermosthearts.WeallholdthecommonidealofrevitalizingtheChinesenation.

4.單選題

Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.

問題1選項

A.paidto

B.ignoredby

C.givento

D.requestedby

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。grantto表示“授予，允許”；A項payto“付款給”，B項ignoreby“忽視，駁回訴訟”，C項giveto“給予，提供”，D項requestby“請求，需要”。句意：假釋通常作為獎勵給予表現(xiàn)良好的囚犯。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

5.不定項選擇題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

問題4選項

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

問題5選項

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果學習能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，更能適應不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有被欺騙。這說明作者贊同讓學生能了解周圍世界、適應世界變化的通識教育。A選項“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意為“教授能在當前就業(yè)市場上出售的實用技能”，由原文可知，作者認為就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，把年輕男女輸送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不贊同的；B選項“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意為“隨時代變化的靈活課程”，作者對于這種課程的態(tài)度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但這種努力不會是徒勞的嗎？所以作者是不贊同的；C選項“aliberaleducation”意為“通識教育”，與原文相符；D選項“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意為“保持勞動力市場供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我們不可能使勞動力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不贊同的。因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，隨著就業(yè)市場的波動，技能是可售性變化的另一個例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就業(yè)市場是快速變化的。A選項“remainsteady”，意為“保持穩(wěn)定”，與原文不符；B選項“changeinanirregularway”意為“不規(guī)則的變化”，與原文相符；C選項“followasetpattern”意為“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就業(yè)市場的變化有固定的模式；D選項“becomeworseandworse”意為“變得越來越糟”，原文只是指變化但沒有說是往糟糕的方向發(fā)展。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到現(xiàn)在是個高失業(yè)率的時代，首先從反面舉例如果只學會少數(shù)技能就進入社會等于羊入虎穴，接著又說到學習理解和適應這個改變的世界能更快找到工作，最后總結(jié)道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”學會學習是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自學能力的更容易找到工作。A選項“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意為“有自學能力的人”，符合原文；B選項“Aconstructionworkers”意為“一位建筑工人”，C選項“Acarrepairman”意為“一位汽車修理工”和D選項“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意為“一個有相當多的銷售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少數(shù)技能，但不是自學的能力。因此A選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即發(fā)展課程就必須使課程非常短，并經(jīng)常更換它們，以跟上就業(yè)市場的快速變化。由此可推測，現(xiàn)代課程的著重點在于適應變化的能力。A選項“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意為“預測技能在未來就業(yè)市場的銷路”，原文未提及預測技能的銷路，是強調(diào)就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，要去適應這種變化；B選項“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意為“把當前的就業(yè)市場也考慮進去”，就業(yè)市場是一直變化的，所以重點是適應變化；C選項“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意為“考慮哪些技能是可以銷售的”，可銷售的技能是需要不斷更換的，所以不是課程的重點；D選項“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意為“關(guān)注適應變化的能力”，符合原文。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需逐個分析各個選項。A選項“l(fā)iberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意為“通識教育現(xiàn)在正受到挑戰(zhàn)”，與原文相符；B選項“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意為“在不景氣的時候，教授實用技能的學校表現(xiàn)更好”，與原文相反，學會有限技能的人進入社會只是羊入虎口，所以最關(guān)鍵的技能是自學能力；C選項“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意為“課外活動比課堂學習更重要”，原文是指有自學能力的人在校外也能繼續(xù)學習，但并沒有說課外活動就比課堂學習更重要；D選項“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意為“許多學生覺得教育制度欺騙了他們”，原文是如果他們獲得的只是銷售技能，不能隨就業(yè)市場的變化而變化，那么他們就是受騙了，但這不是學生的想法，是作者的觀點。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Thebehaviorofgasesisexplainedby______thekinetictheory.

問題1選項

A.whatscientistscall

B.whatdoscientistscall

C.scientiststheycall

D.scientistscallit

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。此題介詞by后需要加一個名詞性的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是一個完整的句子，故排除C項和D項。A選項的what代表的是科學家們常說的運動學理論，符合語法規(guī)則；B項是多了do，構(gòu)成了疑問句，不符合語法。句意：氣體的行為可以用科學家所謂的動力學理論來解釋。故正確答案為A。

7.單選題

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

問題1選項

A.scarce;common

B.accessible;marginal

C.unidentified;subsidized

D.plentiful;profitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。先看第一個空白處的選項，scarce“缺乏的，罕見的”；accessible“可到達的，可接近的，易懂的”，這個詞的用法比較靈活；unidentified“不能辨認的，無法識別的”；plentiful“大量的，充足的”，根據(jù)題目前面部分中的關(guān)鍵詞still和整個句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在，且陸地上開采又相對廉價，因此，對海底開采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’推斷出第一個空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二個空白處的選項，common“普通的，常見的”；marginal“邊緣的，末端的”；subsidized“補貼的，補助的”；profitable“有利的，贏利的”，根據(jù)題目后部分形容陸地上開采的relativelyinexpensive和關(guān)鍵詞yet可以推斷出第二個空應該填profitable,故答案選項為D。

8.單選題

Blockedvesselshaveseveral（

）symptoms:chestpain,shortnessofbreath,andanabnormalcardiacstresstest.

問題1選項

A.classic

B.concise

C.original

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.classic典型的；經(jīng)典的B.concise簡明的

C.original原來的；首創(chuàng)的；新穎的D.obscure偏僻的；陰暗的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】阻塞的血管有許多……癥狀：胸痛，氣促，心臟應激性驟停。根據(jù)句意，應該是首發(fā)的癥狀，C選項original“原來的；首創(chuàng)的；新穎的”可引申為首發(fā)的意思。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項classic典型的；經(jīng)典的，多用來指著作、理論等是經(jīng)典的、典型的，所以排除；

B選項concise簡明的，多指簡潔明了，不用來形容病癥；

D選項obscure偏僻的；陰暗的，不符合句意。

【句意】阻塞的血管有很多首發(fā)癥狀：胸痛，氣促，心臟應激性驟停。

9.單選題

The（）differenceinChinesedialecthasbecomeaprobleminmutualcommunicationamongpeople.

問題1選項

A.enormous

B.immense

C.imminent

D.eminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項enormous“巨大的”，指超出了正常的限度和比例；B選項immense“廣大的”，側(cè)重空間的廣闊；C選項imminent“即將來臨的”；D選項eminent“杰出的”。句意：漢語方言的巨大差異已經(jīng)成為人與人之間交流的一個問題。本句表示差異的巨大。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

AldousHuxleywasamostunfortunateman.Whenhediedin1963hemusthaveexpiredintheconfidentbeliefthattheeventwouldbegivenwidecoverageinthepressthenextday.Afterall,hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction.WherehemadehisbigmistakewasindyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated.AsaresultHuxleygotaboutthreecolumninchesatthebottomofpage27.

InthesamewaythedeathofVictorFarrishasgonewidelyunnoticedbecausehefoolishlyshuffledoffthismortalcoilatthesametimeasMr.KonstantinCherenkov.Now,asyouallknow,VictorFarriswasthechapwhoinventedthepaperclip,thepapermilkcartontoo.AndpaperclipsandmilkcartonswillbeinuselongaftereveryonehasforgottenthenameofthecomradewhocamebetweenAndropovandwhateverthisnewblokeiscalled.

ThesamegoesfortheinventorofthesupermarkettrolleywhodiedinSwitzerlandafewmonthsago.Felloffhistrolley,sotospeak.Foralliknow,hemaybeahouseholdnameinhisowncantonandtheyareputtingupastatueofhomewheelinghistrolley,andaregoingtocommemoratehimononeofthoseever-so-tastefulSwisspostagestampsweusedtocollectwhenwewereyoungerandwiser,butIdoubtifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry.Personallyiforgotitwithinminutesofreadingofhisdecease.

Notthatitmatters.Somehowitishardtoimaginethingslikepaperclipsandsupermarkettrolleyshavinghadanamedinventor.It’slikediscoveringthatataparticularmomentofhistoryaparticularpersoninventedthespoon,orthechair,orsocks.Oneassumesthattheseeverydayobjectsjusthappened,orevolvedthroughnaturalselection.

Itisn’tnecessarilyso.IreadonlytheotherdaythatRichardLiinventedthehandkerchief.AlmosteverythingelsewasinventedeitherbyLeonardodaVinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,andprobablyspoons,socksandtheRubikcubeaswell)orbyBenjaminFranklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)orelsebyJosephStalin(television).

It’squitepossiblethatLeonardoorBenjaminFranklinorStalinalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolley.Certainlyithasbeeninventedmorethanonce.HardlywasHerrEdelweiss(orwhatevertheSwisschapwascalled)inhisgravethannewscameofthedeathofSylvanN.Goodmanattheageof86.Sylvanalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolleyor,astheLosAngelesTimesreportcallsit,theshoppingcart.

Bethatasitmay,HerrEdelweissorSylvanGoodman,orboth,didagrandjobandmadesupermarketshoppingfarlesshellishthanitwouldotherwisebe.Thenextstepwillbetogetthetrolleysoutoftheshopsandintothestreets.Youcouldputanengineinthefrontandcallitacar.Orgiveitbigwheelsandacanopyandcallitapram.Thepossibilitiesareendless.

1.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHerrEdelweiss_______.

2.Theauthorwritesthisarticleinordertoillustratethat_______.

3.Whoprobablyinventedspoons?

4.BystatingthatLeonardodaVinciinventedhelicopters,theauthormeans_______.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAldousHuxley?

問題1選項

A.wasrememberedbythepeoplealloverworld

B.madealotofmoneyfromhisinvention

C.wasnotveryfamous

D.wasabusinesspartnerofSylvanGoodman

問題2選項

A.thenamesofthepeoplewhoinventedthemostusefulthingsareusuallyforgotten

B.everydayobjectsareinventedandevolvethroughnaturalselection

C.manyeverydayobjectsareinventedmorethanonce

D.manyfamouspeoplehavepassedawaywithoutbeingnoticed

問題3選項

A.LeonardodaVinci.

B.BenjaminFranklin.

C.VictorFarris.

D.apersonunknown.

問題4選項

A.hereallydidit

B.heisamilitaryscientist

C.hepaintedinoneofhismasterpiecesahelicopters

D.peopleturntoascribeinventionstohimbuttheyarewrong

問題5選項

A.Hisdeathwasnotreportedbythepress.

B.Hewasafamousinventor.

C.Hemadeaverybigmistakeinhislateyears.

D.HediedonthesamedayasJohnF.Kennedy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“HerrEdelweiss”定位到最后兩段，這兩段提到HerrEdelweiss和SylvanGoodman都曾發(fā)明了手推車；再根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“butIdoubtifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry.”作者懷疑他的名字是否會在這個小國之外被人記住。也就是說，HerrEdelweiss并不出名，選項C符合原文。

2.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講很多發(fā)明了日常用品的發(fā)明家們的名字卻沒有被人們記住。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“It’slikediscoveringthatataparticularmomentofhistoryaparticularpersoninventedthespoon,orthechair,orsocks.”這就像發(fā)現(xiàn)在某個特定的歷史時刻某個特定的人發(fā)明了勺子，椅子，或者襪子。雖然第五段第三句提到LeonardodaVinci發(fā)明了剪子、自行車、直升飛機、勺子、襪子和骰子等，但事實上作者想表達的意思是：人們只記得一些有名的人物,卻根本不知道是誰發(fā)明了這些重要的日常用品。所以本題選D。

4.和上一題一樣，作者意在說明：人們只記得一些有名的人物，喜歡把他想象成發(fā)明了很多東西的人。

5.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“WherehemadehisbigmistakewasindyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated.”他犯的最大錯誤就是在約翰?肯尼迪遇刺的同一天死去?？芍x項D符合原文。第一段最后一句提到Huxley的死訊只出現(xiàn)在報紙第27版的末尾部分，并不是沒有報道，只是篇幅很小，所以選項A錯誤；根據(jù)“hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction.”可知他并不出名；選項C理解有誤，所以本題選項D。

11.單選題

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

問題1選項

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.bursts爆發(fā)B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處接of組成固定短語?？崭裉幍膭釉~與光輝事跡相連接，與前文同事們不喜歡他相照應。C選項boastof“自夸”在這里表示他總是自己夸耀自己，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的大多數(shù)同事都不喜歡他，因為他經(jīng)常吹噓自己過去的輝煌。

12.翻譯題

Oneoftheprincipalapplicationsofthediode(二極管)isintheproductionofadcvoltagefromanacsupply(電源),aprocessreferredtoasrectification(整流).

【答案】二極管的主要應用之一是從交流電源中產(chǎn)生直流電壓，這一過程稱之為“整流”。

13.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。confine“限制；禁閉”；conform“符合；遵守；適應環(huán)境（后面一般跟介詞to）”；confront“面對；遭遇；比較（為及物動詞）”；confirm“確認；證實；批準（及物動詞）。句意：特定文化下的絕大部分人會遵守那種文化已建立的標準。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項deny表示“否定，否認；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會認為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

15.寫作題

Insomecountriesyoungpeopleareencouragedtoworkortravelforayearbetweenfinishinghighschoolandstartinguniversitystudies.

Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesforyoungpeoplewhodecidetodothis.Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.

【答案】略

16.單選題

StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt'sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer'spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.“EachyearphysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestotheStates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule“l(fā)imitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwheretheyhadn'tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohavencollectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinaastatement,"businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.”

1.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2and3thattheoverruleddecisions（

）.

3.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas（

）.

4.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling（

）.

5.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday,theauthor（

）.

問題1選項

A.endetterbusiness'revolutionswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax

D.forcessomestatestocutsalestax

問題2選項

A.haveledtothedominanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchases

D.wereconsideredupfavorablebystates

問題3選項

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.boostedgrowthinstatesrevenue

問題4選項

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chainowners

C.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

問題5選項

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomecasesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題為細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“theSupremeCourtdecisionThursday”定位到原文第一段“StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythat...”前半句已經(jīng)明確提出各州的在線購物可能要交稅，對應選項C，原詞“online”加“shoppers”是對“purchase”的同義替換。其他三個選項均為提及。

2.根據(jù)題干“l(fā)earned”可知本題為推理題，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字“theoverruleddecisions”定位到原文第二段的兩句，大意為“州政府抱怨以前的政策使每年稅收損失慘重，因此以前的政策很難再收取網(wǎng)上營業(yè)稅”兩句表示出的意思都是對州政府的不利，對比四個選項，得出答案D，州政府認為原政策對州會不利，因此駁回這項決定會對州有利，為正話反說。

3.本題為細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“JusticeAnthonyKennedy”“thephysicalpresencerule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句，大意為實體店規(guī)定導致州政府稅收虧損，接著下一句Kennedywrotethattherule“l(fā)imitedstates'abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”該規(guī)定限制了各州長期繁榮，并妨礙